Polish journal of veterinary sciences最新文献

The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in fertility outcomes in several dairy cow herds over the past 20 years in north-eastern Poland. In calving season 2003-2004, 1215 Polish Black and White x Holstein Friesian from 8 herds were used. The average milk yield was about 5000 kg/cow/year. In calving season 2023-2024, 942 Polish-Black-and-White Holstein Friesian cows from 5 herds were used. The average milk yield was 9200 kg/cow/year. First-service conception rate, number of services per conception, length of inter-calving period and culling rate due to infertility were calculated. The average first-service conception rate decreased from 54.5% to 47.0% and the average number of services per conception increased from 1.8 to 2.2. In 2003-2004, the average length of the inter-calving period was 395.3 ± 53.7 days, while in 2023-2024 it was 407.5 ± 55.5 days. The average culling rate due to infertility increased from 4.6% to 11.7%. Differences in all these fertility parameters between calving seasons were statistically significant (p≤0.05). The study showed that the fertility outcomes of dairy cows in north-eastern Poland decreased significantly as milk yield increased between 2003-2004 and 2023-2024.

Bee pollen and propolis are commonly used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in both humans and animals. This study evaluated their effects on the morphology of central lymphoid organs in broiler chickens. Birds were fed fodder supplemented with 0.025% propolis and/or 0.5% bee pollen during the first two weeks of fattening. Despite a natural, asymptomatic Salmonella enteritidis infection, no significant structural differences were observed in the thymus, spleen, or bursa of Fabricius. However, experimental groups - particularly those receiving propolis or bee pollen - showed signs of enhanced lymphoid activity and epithelial development. These findings suggest a protective and immunostimulatory effect of bee products on lymphoid organs, even during infection.

This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection and to evaluate possible risk factors in cattle from Artvin province, Northeastern Turkey. A total of 180 blood samples were collected from 47 herds across nine districts between December 2023 and June 2024. Serum samples were analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit. Overall, 46 (25.55%) cattle were seropositive for N. caninum, and seropositive animals were found in 25 out of 47 herds (53.2%), indicating widespread herd-level infection. Although no significant associations were found between seropositivity and age, sex, or breed (p>0.05), a statistically significant association (p≤0.05) was observed between N. caninum seropositivity and farms with a recorded history of abortion. The high proportion of farms keeping dogs (70.21%) and the infection pattern suggest that both vertical transmission and environmental contamination play important roles in maintaining infection. This study provides the first available serological data on N. caninum infection in cattle from Artvin province. Continuous monitoring and preventive strategies are recommended to minimize the reproductive losses and economic impact associated with bovine neosporosis in the region.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on redox status, hepatic inflammation, and mitochondrial function in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In total, 24 IUGR male piglets (1.59±0.11 kg) and 24 same-sex normal birth weight (NBW) littermates (0.94±0.06 kg) were selected at birth. After weaning at 26 days of age, NBW and IUGR piglets were fed either a basal diet or a CGA-supplemented diet for 21 days. Thus, all piglets were distributed into groups of 4 treatments × 6 replicates × 2 piglets per replicate. The IUGR piglets showed 18.05%, 28.59%, 23.78%, 27.17%, and 18.61% lower hepatic absolute weight, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, GSH, ATP, and complex I levels, and 103.77% and 61.32% higher interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) content and IL18 mRNA expression, respectively, than the NBW piglets. Serum MDA concentration was 34.76% higher and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was 24.18% lower in the IUGR piglets than in the NBW piglets. CGA supplementation decreased serum alanine aminotransferase activity by 29.44%, increased hepatic T-SOD activity by 24.43%, and upregulated complex I concentration by 21.76%. CGA supplementation reversed the IUGR-induced decreases in the activities of serum T-SOD and GPX and hepatic ATP level, increased hepatic IL1β level and IL18 mRNA expression in piglets. A diet supplemented with CGA reduced hepatic MDA content in the IUGR piglets. The results indicate that CGA may improve redox status, inflammation, and mitochondrial function, ultimately alleviating hepatic injury in IUGR piglets.

The present study aimed to explore the effect of dietary microbe-derived antioxidants (MA) supplementation on plasma biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and fecal microbiota in Beagles dogs. Results showed that different dose of MA supplementation did not affect body weight (BW) of dogs after 30 days feeding. 1.5 g/kg MA (HMA) treatment decreased the content of plasma total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increased contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (T-CHO), total protein (TP) and creatine kinase MB (CKMB) compared with control (CON) group. 1 g/kg MA (MMA) decreased the content of triglyceride (TG), and activity of plasma AST compared with CON group at day 30 (D30). 0.5 g/kg MA (LMA) decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) at day 14 (D14) and T-AOC at day 7 (D7), and T-CHO at D14 and D7 compared with CON group. Furthermore, in HMA, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and AST, contents of T-AOC, T-CHO, urea nitrogen (BUN) and direct bilirubin (DBil) decreased at D30 compared with D14 and D7. Consumption of HMA increased the fecal bacterial evenness and modulated microbial profiles at D14 compared with D7. Taken together, appropriate supplementation of MA is a promising candidate to improve nutrients metabolism, hepatic function and fecal microbiota in beagle dogs.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral administration of selenitetriglycerides on the selenium level and selected hematological and biochemical parameters in Kamieniecka sheep. Sheep in the experimental group received a preparation in the form of selenitetriglycerides orally at a dose of 2 ml per animal for the next 7 days (1 mg Se/kg body weight). Blood was collected from each mother sheep: on day 0 before Se administration, and then on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 of the experiment. Serum selenium concentration in the control group was similar on all sampling days and ranged from 75.38 μg/l to 88.34 μg/l. In the experimental group, the selenium level was the lowest before supplementation and increased significantly during supplementation (p≤0.01), starting from the 1st day of the experiment, to reach the peak value on the 7th day (791.72 μg/l). The selenium concentration was significantly higher (p≤0.01) compared to the baseline values even on the 30th day of the experiment (214.78 μg/l) 23 days after the end of selenitetriglyceride supplementation. The research showed that the dose of selenitetriglycerides was safe and effectively improved the Se level in the tested Kamieniecka sheep. Monitored hematological and biochemical parameters showed that supplementation does not negatively affect any vital functions of the body. It was found that oral administration of selenitetriglycerides is an effective and safe form of selenium supplementation in sheep mothers before reproduction.

In this study we investigated the antioxidant status of fractionated seminal plasma (SP1, >40 kDa; SP2, <40 kDa), obtained by gel filtration chromatography (Wasilewska-Sakowska et al. 2019a), and mitochondrial functions in SP-treated spermatozoa during pre-freeze equilibration and post-thaw storage periods. The Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), represented by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was markedly affected by the treatments, being significantly higher in either SP1 or SP2 than in the whole seminal plasma (wSP). It was observed that ATP content was markedly higher in SP1- or SP2-treated samples following pre-freezing equilibration. Although there were no marked differences in the ATP content of frozen-thawed (FT) spermatozoa among treatments, regardless of the cryopreservation stage, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of FT spermatozoa differed significantly among treatments. Furthermore, significant differences in the sperm MMP at post-thaw were not reflected in the ATP levels, suggesting that variations in the surrounding environments of FT spermatozoa might have varying effects on the sperm mitochondrial functions following cryopreservation. It seems that high TAS levels in the fractionated SP could reaffirm the protective role of antioxidants in sperm cryo-damage.

Traumatic ulcers are oral mucosa lesions caused by thermal, mechanical, and chemical factors. Long-term topical medication use can lead to fungal resistance. Patin fish skin contains glycine and glutamic acid, which can enhance macrophage activation and fibroblast proliferation, aiding wound healing. This study aimed to determine the effect of Patin skin gelatin on increasing macrophages and fibroblasts and reducing the diameter of traumatic ulcers in Wistar rats. An experimental laboratory study with a post-test-only control group design was conducted. Ulcers were induced on the labial mucosa of the mandible in rats using thermal induction. Treatments included a placebo gel and Patin skin gelatin at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% for 7 days. Rats were euthanized on days 3, 5, and 7, and ulcerated mucosal tissue was biopsied to count macrophages and fibroblasts using an Olympus microscope. Results showed significant macrophage and fibroblast count differences between the gelatin and placebo treatment groups. Patin skin gelatin at all concentrations increased the number of fibroblasts and decreased ulcer diameters significantly compared to the control group (p<0.05). Patin skin gelatin effectively enhanced fibroblast cell proliferation and reduced ulcer size over the 7-day treatment period. The 10% concentration of Patin skin gelatin showed the most significant increase in fibroblast count and the greatest reduction in ulcer diameter.

Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan parasite of many vertebrates worldwide including avian hosts, causing gastroenteritis and diarrhea. Studies have been conducted on Cryptosporidium spp. in some avians, however, there is no information on Cryptosporidium spp. in pigeons from Anhui Province, China. To investigate the prevalence and assess the transmission burden of Cryptosporidium species in domestic pigeons, a total of 376 fecal samples were collected. The acid-fast staining and nested PCR amplification methods reveal a Cryptosporidium prevalence rate of 5.05% (19/376) and 1.86% (7/376), respectively. Furthermore, molecular characterization was identified as Cryptosporidium meleagridis. As this study is the first report on Cryptosporidium spp. in domestic pigeons in Anhui Province, we expect it to provide baseline information for further studies.

The intestinal microbiome is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and the course of metabolic processes in the living organism. Intestinal bacteria produce a variety of metabolites that affect the health of many organs, especially the intestines. Disturbances in the composition of the intestinal microflora are referred to as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis occurring in chronic enteropathies may exacerbate intestinal inflammation. Therefore, effective methods of treating enteropathy are still being sought, which involve restoring the proper composition of the intestinal microbiome. In recent years, many scientific centers have drawn attention to the possibility of treating enteropathy by transplanting intestinal contents from a healthy donor. This review presents the advantages and disadvantages of this therapeutic method, described in the latest available literature and the newest guidelines regarding the donor and transplant administration methods.