Polish journal of veterinary sciences最新文献

The intestinal microbiome is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and the course of metabolic processes in the living organism. Intestinal bacteria produce a variety of metabolites that affect the health of many organs, especially the intestines. Disturbances in the composition of the intestinal microflora are referred to as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis occurring in chronic enteropathies may exacerbate intestinal inflammation. Therefore, effective methods of treating enteropathy are still being sought, which involve restoring the proper composition of the intestinal microbiome. In recent years, many scientific centers have drawn attention to the possibility of treating enteropathy by transplanting intestinal contents from a healthy donor. This review presents the advantages and disadvantages of this therapeutic method, described in the latest available literature and the newest guidelines regarding the donor and transplant administration methods.

Like terrestrial plants, algae contain a vast number of biofunctional compounds, some of which may affect inflammatory and immune responses in animals. As such, algal bioactive components might be useful in the treatment of canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE), where persistent inflammation underlies clinical signs. In this investigation, we studied the effects of Ascophyllum nodosum-extracted fucoidans (ANFE) on cytokine gene and protein expression and the morphology of intestinal tissue explants from CIE dogs. Duodenal biopsies from 22 dogs with CIE were incubated for 24 hours with and without ANFE, using three replicate samples per treatment from each animal. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and interleukin-15 proteins were measured in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas relative expression of the genes for interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, interleukin-15, interleukin-10, forkhead box protein P3, and indoleamine- pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase-1 was assessed through real-time qPCR. Inflammatory cell infiltrate and mucosal integrity were evaluated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Cytokine protein concentrations were all below the detection limit, and no differences were found in terms of morphological features between the groups with and without ANFE. With respect to transcriptomic data, however, mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory genes TNFA and IL15 were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the group without ANFE. In conclusion, while failing to improve morphological outcomes, ANFE supplementation may be associated with an overall positive effect on intestinal phlogosis.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Echinacea purpurea (EP) root on the growth performance and some haematological parameters of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Echinacea meal was incorporated into the diets as follows: no Echinacea meal (E-0), 5 g Echinacea meal kg-1 diet (E-5), 10 g Echinacea meal kg-1 diet (E-10) and 20 g Echinacea meal kg-1 diet (E-20). Triplicate groups of fish averaging 9.6 ± 0.5 g were hand-fed twice daily for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly higher in fish fed the Echinacea-supplemented diets than in those fed the control diet. Red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) were significantly higher in the E-10 and E-20 groups than in the E-0 group. Fish fed the E-10 diet had the highest haematocrit (Hct), and haemoglobin (Hb) among all treatments. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay showed a significant increase in the E-10 and E-20 groups compared to the E-0 and E-5 groups. After a 14-day challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant differences in survival between treatments. Survival of carp following the challenge was significantly higher in fish fed the E-10 and E-20 diets than in the E-0 group, whereas the E-5 group showed no significant difference compared to the E-0 group. In conclusion, our findings revealed that supplementing diets with EP root (10 g EP kg-1 and 20 g EP kg-1 diet) can enhance growth performance, haematological parameters, and resistance to A. hydrophila in juvenile common carp.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an avian coronavirus and a primary causative agent of respiratory disease in poultry, representing a significant global economic concern. IBV shares structural and functional similarities with other coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), making it an invaluable model for studying coronavirus behavior and exploring potential therapeutic strategies. Novel applications could prove valuable in controlling the spread of these pathogens. This study evaluates the antiviral efficacy of various commercial formulations of the probiotic-based disinfectant (Prowill), Astragalus root extract, and ivermectin against the IBV D274 strain (Genotype 1-Lineage 12; GI-12). The agents were applied at different concentrations to specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (9- 10 days old) previously inoculated with IBV D274. The key parameters, such as egg mortality, mean hemagglutination (HA) titer, and HA titer (log2) values, were assessed to determine the antiviral efficacy of each treatment. The results revealed that the gel form of Prowill demonstrated superior antiviral activity, including at lower tested concentrations. This gel form showed the lowest egg mortality rates (10% at 0.5%, 1%, and 2% concentrations). This form also exhibited relatively low HA titers (4.7, 3.8, and 3.6 in log2, respectively). In addition, other Prowill formulations demonstrated significant antiviral effects, reducing mortality rates. Astragalus root extract, particularly at a concentration of 5 mg/kg, demonstrated potent antiviral activity by effectively inhibiting viral replication; however, mortality reached 30%. Ivermectin showed remarkably high cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that Prowill disinfectants, especially in their gel form, might represent a promising auxiliary application for managing the spread of IBV and potentially other coronaviruses. Further investigation is required to evaluate the long-term safety and broader applicability of these disinfectants in controlling avian coronaviruses and related pathogens.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral infectious disease that affects cattle and causes significant economic losses, particularly in low and medium income countries, where livestock is often the main source of income for small-scale farmers and rural communities. In the last few years, the disease has become widespread in several countries in Asia, including Pakistan. The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of LSD virus (LSDV) among cattle in the Bahawalpur district (Pakistan), while identifying potential associated risk factors. A total of 400 serum samples were collected from cattle and analysed using a commercial ELISA kit to determine seroprevalence. Additionally, 12 skin scrapping samples of cattle were collected from sick animals to detect and characterize the currently potentially circulating LSDV strains using PCR, targeting the P32 gene. The overall LSD seroprevalence among cattle was found to be 38.0%, with significant variation observed between different geographical areas of the Bahawalpur district, showing the highest prevalence of 46.2% in Yazman Tehsil. Age and feeding system were identified as significant risk factors for LSD occurrence in cattle. The genetic analysis revealed a high genomic similarity between the LSDV strain sequences reported in Asian and Middle Eastern countries. The P32 gene phylogenetic analysis further confirmed the close relationship between LSDV sequences from Pakistan and vaccine strains of sheep and goat pox viruses. The present study provides important baseline information for an understanding of the epidemiology and characterisation of LSDV enzootic strains in Pakistan, and highlights the need for effective disease control strategies, including vaccination campaigns, particularly in disease-endemic regions.

Diet has emerged as a key modulator of the gut microbiota, offering a potential strategy for disease prevention and management. This study investigated the effects of the Prescription Diet Gastrointestinal Biome (GB) on 7 healthy dogs and 16 dogs with chronic gastrointestinal diseases (GI dogs). Our investigation monitored changes in body weight and the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) in 16 GI dogs fed a GB diet. Additionally, we assessed the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing pre- (GI dogs) and post- (healthy dogs and GI dogs) administration of GB diet. In dogs with GI, a significant improvement in the severity of CIBDAI was observed post-feeding with the GB diet compared to the period pre-feeding, without any changes in body weight. Primary changes in the gut microbiome were marked by significant differences between healthy and GI dogs. However, post-feeding the GB diet in GI dogs, resulted in an increase in Turicibacter and a decrease in Escherichia-Shigella linked with gastrointestinal inflammation. In conclusion, the GB diet appears to positively influence the gut microbiota and clinical outcomes in dogs with GI. Future studies should explore these relationships by focusing on the long-term effects of diet on the gut health and disease management.

This is the first study aimed to investigate the innervation of the internal genital organs in 12-week-old female pig foetuses using single and double-labelling immunofluorescence methods. Immunostaining for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP, general neural marker) revealed that the most numerous PGP-positive nerve fibres were found in the mesenchyme of the uterovaginal canal height. Numerous nerve fibres were distributed in the uterine segment, less in the tubal segment of paramesonephric ducts (PD), and they usually occurred at the edge of the mesenchyme. A low number of fibres was visible in the developing ovary cortex and medulla. Many fibres expressed dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) and/or vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the studied period. Most DβH-positive nerve fibres were observed in all segments of PD. VAChT-positive were mainly distributed in the uterovaginal canal of PD. DβH/VAChT-positive nerve fibres were observed in the mesenchyme of all segments of the PD, but they were most common in the uterovaginal canal and the uterine segment of PD. In the ovary, nerves were mainly DβH-positive and single nerve fibres containing VAChT. Few DβH/VAChT-positive nerve fibres were observed in the ovary.

The aim of the study was to find out whether carriers of new genetic defect Muscle Weakness (MW) occur in the population of Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls. Fifty bulls were included in the analysis. Bulls were selected as having in the pedigree known carrier of MW. All bulls were diagnosed by DNA sequencing of CACNA1S gene containing single nucleotide substitution (rs3423414874) responsible for 97% of MW cases. Among 50 bulls, 19 MW carriers were found. Our results show that causal mutation for MW is already transmitted to Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle which is sufficient ground to take practical action in order to avoid further spreading of mutation causing MW.

The effects of T4 are mainly manifested by positive ino- and chronotropism. The syndrome accompanying hypothyroidism in rabbits (impaired myocardial contractility and reduced ejection capacity) is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones - especially T4. The study group consisted of a total of 41 animals: 15 males and 26 females, ranging in age from 2 months to 8 years, with echocardiogram showing reduced fractional shortening (<30%), with normal results of heamatological and biochemical tests. Blood was collected in order to measure T4 level. Echocardiographic examinations were performed with two-dimensional (2D) imaging, M-mode measurements and the pulsed/colour-labelled Doppler technique. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13.0. Correlations were determined: between serum thyroxine concentration and the value of the fraction of shortening in the groups: young animals (up to 5 years of age) and older animals, females and males, and sterilised and non-sterilised animals. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between T4 levels in the blood of the test animals and myocardial fractional shortening and heart rate and left-atrial to aortic ratio (LA/Ao) in the pre-treatment period. A positive correlation was also shown after dividing the patients into 2 groups based on their age (below 5 years vs. 5 years and over), sex (male and female rabbits) and fact of sterilization (yes/no). Our study unequivocally confirmed a positive correlation between the decreased serum T4 concentration and reduced fractional shortening, indicating decreased cardiac systolic function in hypothyroid rabbits.

Mupirocin is an effective antibiotic for infectious skin diseases. However, mupirocin is formulated as an ointment and is difficult to apply in canine systemic pyoderma. Therefore, many clinicians reformulate mupirocin off-label ointment into a spray. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of different concentrations of mupirocin spray (2%, 1%, and 0.5%) on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius over 21 days. Mupirocin spray was prepared by mixing mupirocin ointment and distilled water. The antibacterial effects were evaluated by measuring the optical density using broth microdilution assay and by live/dead staining. The antibiofilm activity of mupirocin spray was measured using a crystal violet staining method. All concentrations of mupirocin spray inhibited the growth of S. pseudintermedius. Mupirocin spray also inhibited biofilm formation of each isolate, although the degree of inhibition was influenced by the mupirocin concentration. The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of mupirocin spray were maintained for 21 days. The 2% and 1% mupirocin sprays exhibited significantly better antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy than the 0.5% mupirocin spray. Thus, 1-2% mupirocin spray may be effective for clinical use. Mupirocin spray is convenient and effective for the treatment of canine systemic pyoderma caused by S. pseudintermedius infection.