Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149330
P Váczi, M Proškovcová, E Čonková, D Marcinčáková, M Bačkorová, M Harčárová
Candida albicans, a polymorphic yeast, is a physiological component of the human and animal commensal microbiome. It is an etiological factor of candidiasis, which is treated by azole antifungals. Growing resistance to azoles is a reason to look for other alternative treatment options. The pharmacotherapeutic use of plant extracts and essential oils has become increasingly important. In our experiment, C. albicans showed susceptibility to four observed plant extracts and essential oils from peppermint ( Mentha piperita), thyme ( Thymus vulgaris), sage ( Salvia officinalis), and oregano ( Origanum vulgare). Oregano plant extract and essential oil showed the highest antifungal activity, at MIC values of 4.9 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL respectively. Therefore, it was subjected to further research on the influence of virulence factors - biofilm formation, extracellular phospholipase production and germ tube formation. Oregano plant extract and essential oil showed an inhibitory effect on the observed C. albicans virulence factors at relatively low concentrations. The extract inhibited the adherence of cells at MIC 12.5 mg/mL and essential oil at MIC 0.25 mg/mL. Degradation of the formed biofilm was detected at MIC 14.1 mg/mL for plant extract and at MIC 0.4 mg/mL for essential oil. Extracellular phospholipase production was most effectively inhibited by the essential oil. In particular, the number of isolates with intensive extracellular phospholipase production decreased significantly. Of the 12 isolates intensively producing extracellular phospholipase, only 1 isolate (4.5%) retained intense production. Essential oil caused up to a 100 % reduction in germ tubes formation and plant extract reduced their formation depending on the concentration as follows: 2.6% (0.8 mg/mL), 21.2 % (6.25 mg/mL), and 64.5 % (12.5 mg/mL) compared to the control.
白色念珠菌是一种多态酵母菌,是人类和动物共生微生物组的生理组成部分。它是念珠菌病的致病因素之一,可通过唑类抗真菌药物治疗。唑类抗真菌药的抗药性不断增加,因此需要寻找其他替代治疗方案。植物提取物和精油的药物治疗用途变得越来越重要。在我们的实验中,白僵菌对四种观察到的植物提取物和精油表现出敏感性,它们分别来自薄荷(Mentha piperita)、百里香(Thymeus vulgaris)、鼠尾草(Salvia officinalis)和牛至(Origanum vulgare)。牛至植物提取物和精油显示出最高的抗真菌活性,其 MIC 值分别为 4.9 毫克/毫升和 0.4 毫克/毫升。因此,我们对毒力因素--生物膜的形成、细胞外磷脂酶的产生和芽管的形成--的影响进行了进一步研究。牛至植物提取物和精油在相对较低的浓度下对观察到的白僵菌毒力因子有抑制作用。提取物抑制细胞粘附的 MIC 值为 12.5 毫克/毫升,精油抑制细胞粘附的 MIC 值为 0.25 毫克/毫升。植物提取物的 MIC 值为 14.1 毫克/毫升,精油的 MIC 值为 0.4 毫克/毫升。精油能最有效地抑制细胞外磷脂酶的产生。特别是,大量产生细胞外磷脂酶的分离物数量明显减少。在 12 个密集产生细胞外磷脂酶的分离物中,只有 1 个分离物(4.5%)仍能保持密集产生。精油可使胚芽管的形成减少 100%,而植物提取物则可减少胚芽管的形成,具体浓度如下:与对照组相比,分别减少了 2.6%(0.8 毫克/毫升)、21.2%(6.25 毫克/毫升)和 64.5%(12.5 毫克/毫升)。
{"title":"Essential oil and plant extract of oregano as agents influencing the virulence factors of Candida albicans.","authors":"P Váczi, M Proškovcová, E Čonková, D Marcinčáková, M Bačkorová, M Harčárová","doi":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149330","DOIUrl":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candida albicans, a polymorphic yeast, is a physiological component of the human and animal commensal microbiome. It is an etiological factor of candidiasis, which is treated by azole antifungals. Growing resistance to azoles is a reason to look for other alternative treatment options. The pharmacotherapeutic use of plant extracts and essential oils has become increasingly important. In our experiment, C. albicans showed susceptibility to four observed plant extracts and essential oils from peppermint ( Mentha piperita), thyme ( Thymus vulgaris), sage ( Salvia officinalis), and oregano ( Origanum vulgare). Oregano plant extract and essential oil showed the highest antifungal activity, at MIC values of 4.9 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL respectively. Therefore, it was subjected to further research on the influence of virulence factors - biofilm formation, extracellular phospholipase production and germ tube formation. Oregano plant extract and essential oil showed an inhibitory effect on the observed C. albicans virulence factors at relatively low concentrations. The extract inhibited the adherence of cells at MIC 12.5 mg/mL and essential oil at MIC 0.25 mg/mL. Degradation of the formed biofilm was detected at MIC 14.1 mg/mL for plant extract and at MIC 0.4 mg/mL for essential oil. Extracellular phospholipase production was most effectively inhibited by the essential oil. In particular, the number of isolates with intensive extracellular phospholipase production decreased significantly. Of the 12 isolates intensively producing extracellular phospholipase, only 1 isolate (4.5%) retained intense production. Essential oil caused up to a 100 % reduction in germ tubes formation and plant extract reduced their formation depending on the concentration as follows: 2.6% (0.8 mg/mL), 21.2 % (6.25 mg/mL), and 64.5 % (12.5 mg/mL) compared to the control.</p>","PeriodicalId":94175,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149335
B Blagojević, I Davidov, A Galfi Vukomanović, D Tekić, M Došenović Marinković, V Vidović
Avian gastric yeast (Macrorhabdus ornithogaster) is a microorganism that infects aviary birds worldwide, both captive and wild. A total number of 352 birds, belonging to 18 avian species, were examined from 2019 to 2022 for M. ornithogaster, using fecal smears of live birds or cytological samples of the proventriculus taken at necropsy. These cytological samples were taken from birds that died from different causes. Some of the birds exhibited symptoms such as lethargy, regurgitation, weight loss and anorexia. Faecal samples were collected from all the birds and analysed for gastric yeast using a direct smear and Gram-staining method. The microorganism was diagnosed most frequently in budgerigars (55.5%), the African gray parrot (33.3%), and nymphs (34.3%). The prevalence of M. ornithogaster in canaries was 10%. The infection was detected in 31% of the examined birds, which shows that the occurrence of M. ornithogaster in exotic birds is common. No clinical signs were observed in the vast majority of birds that tested positive for gastric yeast.
禽胃酵母菌(Macrorhabdus ornithogaster)是一种感染世界各地圈养和野生鸟类的微生物。从2019年到2022年,共对352只鸟类(分属18个鸟类物种)进行了鸟胃酵母菌检查,采用的是活鸟的粪便涂片或尸体解剖时采集的胃窦细胞学样本。这些细胞学样本取自死于不同原因的鸟类。部分鸟类表现出嗜睡、反胃、体重减轻和厌食等症状。从所有鸟类身上采集粪便样本,采用直接涂片和革兰氏染色法分析胃酵母菌。虎皮鹦鹉(55.5%)、非洲灰鹦鹉(33.3%)和若虫(34.3%)最常感染这种微生物。金丝雀的 M. ornithogaster 感染率为 10%。在 31% 的受检鸟类中发现了这种感染,这表明鸟疫鲭鲭虫在外来鸟类中的发生率很高。绝大多数胃酵母菌检测呈阳性的鸟类均未出现临床症状。
{"title":"Occurrence of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster in exotic birds.","authors":"B Blagojević, I Davidov, A Galfi Vukomanović, D Tekić, M Došenović Marinković, V Vidović","doi":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149335","DOIUrl":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian gastric yeast (Macrorhabdus ornithogaster) is a microorganism that infects aviary birds worldwide, both captive and wild. A total number of 352 birds, belonging to 18 avian species, were examined from 2019 to 2022 for M. ornithogaster, using fecal smears of live birds or cytological samples of the proventriculus taken at necropsy. These cytological samples were taken from birds that died from different causes. Some of the birds exhibited symptoms such as lethargy, regurgitation, weight loss and anorexia. Faecal samples were collected from all the birds and analysed for gastric yeast using a direct smear and Gram-staining method. The microorganism was diagnosed most frequently in budgerigars (55.5%), the African gray parrot (33.3%), and nymphs (34.3%). The prevalence of M. ornithogaster in canaries was 10%. The infection was detected in 31% of the examined birds, which shows that the occurrence of M. ornithogaster in exotic birds is common. No clinical signs were observed in the vast majority of birds that tested positive for gastric yeast.</p>","PeriodicalId":94175,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"139-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149344
D Główny, N Sowińska, A Cieślak, M Gogulski, K Konieczny, M Szumacher-Strabel
Raw meat-based diets for pet nutrition are becoming increasingly popular. The percentage of meat content, composition of nutrients, and amount of additives started to play an important role in the recipe of a given food. However, the use of healthier and unprocessed food must also be balanced with the animal's specific needs based on its anatomy, physiology, and behavior. There are many potential advantages and disadvantages of a biologically appropriate raw food (BARF) diet, and all of them should be considered before switching to this approach. Raw meat is considered a diet closest to nature and least processed. However, raw diets threaten pet health because of the potential for nutrient imbalances. The choice of raw meat in pets' everyday diet should be supported by the veterinarian's medical decision and preferably also with nutritionist help. Growing animals require a specific Ca:P ratio in their diet, which may be improper in raw meat. For cats, taurine levels must be carefully checked. In addition, an imbalanced raw-meat diet can be the cause of poor semen quality in males. Females are prone to inhibition of the estrus cycle, especially due to hyperthyroidism. Exogenous thyroid hormone intake is a real concern when feeding a neck/head meat with thyroid glands. There is also a possibility of bacterial or parasitic presence in raw meat. The present paper aims to summarize the current state of knowledge about the benefits and threats of eating a raw meat diet for the health concerns of companion animals.
{"title":"Raw diets for dogs and cats: Potential health benefits and threats.","authors":"D Główny, N Sowińska, A Cieślak, M Gogulski, K Konieczny, M Szumacher-Strabel","doi":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149344","DOIUrl":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Raw meat-based diets for pet nutrition are becoming increasingly popular. The percentage of meat content, composition of nutrients, and amount of additives started to play an important role in the recipe of a given food. However, the use of healthier and unprocessed food must also be balanced with the animal's specific needs based on its anatomy, physiology, and behavior. There are many potential advantages and disadvantages of a biologically appropriate raw food (BARF) diet, and all of them should be considered before switching to this approach. Raw meat is considered a diet closest to nature and least processed. However, raw diets threaten pet health because of the potential for nutrient imbalances. The choice of raw meat in pets' everyday diet should be supported by the veterinarian's medical decision and preferably also with nutritionist help. Growing animals require a specific Ca:P ratio in their diet, which may be improper in raw meat. For cats, taurine levels must be carefully checked. In addition, an imbalanced raw-meat diet can be the cause of poor semen quality in males. Females are prone to inhibition of the estrus cycle, especially due to hyperthyroidism. Exogenous thyroid hormone intake is a real concern when feeding a neck/head meat with thyroid glands. There is also a possibility of bacterial or parasitic presence in raw meat. The present paper aims to summarize the current state of knowledge about the benefits and threats of eating a raw meat diet for the health concerns of companion animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":94175,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149329
F Tasci, M Sudagidan, O Yavuz, A Soyucok, A Aydin
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous microorganism that is isolated from a variety of sources such as soil, water, decaying vegetation, sewage, animal feeds, silage, farm environments and food-processing environments. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, serogroups, biofilm formation, virulence factor genes, and genetic relationships of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from beef meat and meat contact surfaces obtained from a slaughterhouse in Burdur, Turkey. In this study, a total of 179 beef meat and meat contact surface samples were analyzed for the presence of L. monocytogenes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of a total of 179 beef meat and meat contact surface samples, 83 (46.37%) were found to be contaminated with L. monocytogenes, with the highest incidence (53.01%) occurring in beef meat. In the present study, most of the isolated strains belonged to serogroups IIB and IVB (lineage I). The L. monocytogenes strain also contained monoA-B, prfA, plcA, plcB, mpl, hlyA, actA, gtcA, dltA, Fri, flaA, InlA, InlC, InlJ, and iap genes. Biofilm formation was not determined in the tested samples at pH 5.5 and different temperatures (4°C, 10°C, 25°C, and 37°C). However, strong biofilm formation was observed in 6.45% (2/31) of the strains at pH 7.0 after 48 h incubation at 37°C, and in 3.22% (1/31) of the strains at pH 7.0 after 48 h incubation at 4°C and 10°C. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results showed that L. monocytogenes isolates were clonally related, and cross-contamination was present. In addition, PFGE results also revealed that AscI had more distinguishing power than the ApaI restriction enzyme. These results indicate that L. monocytogenes detected from meat and meat contact surfaces in the slaughterhouse pose a potential risk to public health.
{"title":"Virulence properties of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from meat and meat contact surfaces in a slaughterhouse.","authors":"F Tasci, M Sudagidan, O Yavuz, A Soyucok, A Aydin","doi":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149329","DOIUrl":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous microorganism that is isolated from a variety of sources such as soil, water, decaying vegetation, sewage, animal feeds, silage, farm environments and food-processing environments. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, serogroups, biofilm formation, virulence factor genes, and genetic relationships of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from beef meat and meat contact surfaces obtained from a slaughterhouse in Burdur, Turkey. In this study, a total of 179 beef meat and meat contact surface samples were analyzed for the presence of L. monocytogenes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of a total of 179 beef meat and meat contact surface samples, 83 (46.37%) were found to be contaminated with L. monocytogenes, with the highest incidence (53.01%) occurring in beef meat. In the present study, most of the isolated strains belonged to serogroups IIB and IVB (lineage I). The L. monocytogenes strain also contained monoA-B, prfA, plcA, plcB, mpl, hlyA, actA, gtcA, dltA, Fri, flaA, InlA, InlC, InlJ, and iap genes. Biofilm formation was not determined in the tested samples at pH 5.5 and different temperatures (4°C, 10°C, 25°C, and 37°C). However, strong biofilm formation was observed in 6.45% (2/31) of the strains at pH 7.0 after 48 h incubation at 37°C, and in 3.22% (1/31) of the strains at pH 7.0 after 48 h incubation at 4°C and 10°C. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results showed that L. monocytogenes isolates were clonally related, and cross-contamination was present. In addition, PFGE results also revealed that AscI had more distinguishing power than the ApaI restriction enzyme. These results indicate that L. monocytogenes detected from meat and meat contact surfaces in the slaughterhouse pose a potential risk to public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":94175,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149343
T Nguyen, N Nguyen Trong, N Chaiyabutr, S Thammacharoen
This experiment aimed to determine the effect of adaptive duration to saline water on behaviors, weight gain and blood biochemical parameters in growing goats. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, which included four treatments with five animals per group. The goats were administered either fresh water (control) or seawater with a salinity of 1.5%, with varying durations of adaptation to seawater. The adaptive durations included an abrupt change (A0) from fresh water to seawater with a salinity of 1.5% or stepwise adaptation either 4 (A4) or 7 (A7) days of increasing saline concentrations. The results showed that dry matter intake in the non-adapted goats (A0 group) was lower than that of the control group or the adapted goats throughout the experiment (p<0.05). In contrast, water intake from drinking saline water was greater than that in the control group (p<0.05). Body weigh did not differ among the treatments; however, non-adapted goats exhibited a lower weight gain than the adapted goats (p<0.05). The goats in the A0 and A4 groups exhibited increased plasma levels of urea, AST, and ALT compared with the control and A7 groups. However, blood electrolyte levels remained unchanged and were within the normal range for goats. Therefore, it is concluded that the stepwise adaptation to seawater with a salinity of 1.5% for 21 days has no influence on productivity and health status of goats.
{"title":"Effects of adaptive duration to salinity in drinking water on behavior, weight gain and blood biochemical parameters in growing goats.","authors":"T Nguyen, N Nguyen Trong, N Chaiyabutr, S Thammacharoen","doi":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149343","DOIUrl":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This experiment aimed to determine the effect of adaptive duration to saline water on behaviors, weight gain and blood biochemical parameters in growing goats. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, which included four treatments with five animals per group. The goats were administered either fresh water (control) or seawater with a salinity of 1.5%, with varying durations of adaptation to seawater. The adaptive durations included an abrupt change (A0) from fresh water to seawater with a salinity of 1.5% or stepwise adaptation either 4 (A4) or 7 (A7) days of increasing saline concentrations. The results showed that dry matter intake in the non-adapted goats (A0 group) was lower than that of the control group or the adapted goats throughout the experiment (p<0.05). In contrast, water intake from drinking saline water was greater than that in the control group (p<0.05). Body weigh did not differ among the treatments; however, non-adapted goats exhibited a lower weight gain than the adapted goats (p<0.05). The goats in the A0 and A4 groups exhibited increased plasma levels of urea, AST, and ALT compared with the control and A7 groups. However, blood electrolyte levels remained unchanged and were within the normal range for goats. Therefore, it is concluded that the stepwise adaptation to seawater with a salinity of 1.5% for 21 days has no influence on productivity and health status of goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":94175,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"127-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149336
E A Onen, E K Demirci
This study aimed to develop an equine-derived hyperimmune serum against SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate its efficacy as a potential immunotherapy tool for the treatment of known and potential variants of COVID-19 in preclinical trials. The novelty of this study is the whole virus and ALUM gel adjuvant formula. The horses were immunized using a whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen, and the final purified hyperimmune serum showed high plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT 50) neutralizing titers. The efficacy of the hyperimmune serum was evaluated histopathologically and biochemically in the lungs, hearts, and serum of K18 hACE2 transgenic mice (n=45), which is an accepted model organism for SARS-CoV-2 studies and was challenged with live SARS-CoV-2. Serum treatment improved the general condition, resulting in lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood plasma, as well as reduced viral RNA titers in the lungs and hearts. Additionally, it reduced oxidative stress significantly and lessened the severity of interstitial pneumonia in the lungs when compared to infected positive controls. The study concluded that equine-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could be used for COVID-19 prevention and treatment, especially in the early stages of the disease and in combination with antiviral drugs and vaccines. This treatment will benefit special patient populations such as immunocompromised individuals, as specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can neutralize the virus before it enters host cells. The rapid and cost-effective production of the serum allows for its availability during the acute phase of the disease, making it a critical intervention in preventing the spread of the disease and saving lives in new variants where a vaccine is not yet developed.
{"title":"Development and preclinical evaluation of equine-derived hyperimmune serum against SARS-CoV-2 infection in K-18 hACE2 transgenic (Tg) mice.","authors":"E A Onen, E K Demirci","doi":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149336","DOIUrl":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop an equine-derived hyperimmune serum against SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate its efficacy as a potential immunotherapy tool for the treatment of known and potential variants of COVID-19 in preclinical trials. The novelty of this study is the whole virus and ALUM gel adjuvant formula. The horses were immunized using a whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen, and the final purified hyperimmune serum showed high plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT 50) neutralizing titers. The efficacy of the hyperimmune serum was evaluated histopathologically and biochemically in the lungs, hearts, and serum of K18 hACE2 transgenic mice (n=45), which is an accepted model organism for SARS-CoV-2 studies and was challenged with live SARS-CoV-2. Serum treatment improved the general condition, resulting in lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood plasma, as well as reduced viral RNA titers in the lungs and hearts. Additionally, it reduced oxidative stress significantly and lessened the severity of interstitial pneumonia in the lungs when compared to infected positive controls. The study concluded that equine-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could be used for COVID-19 prevention and treatment, especially in the early stages of the disease and in combination with antiviral drugs and vaccines. This treatment will benefit special patient populations such as immunocompromised individuals, as specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can neutralize the virus before it enters host cells. The rapid and cost-effective production of the serum allows for its availability during the acute phase of the disease, making it a critical intervention in preventing the spread of the disease and saving lives in new variants where a vaccine is not yet developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94175,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"61-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149333
R Y Ayyıldız, H A Ayyıldız
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an ohmic heating (OH) process with different electric field intensities on Listeria monocytogenes inactivation in protein-enriched cow milk. Protein powder was added at rates of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% in 1.5% fat content milk, and L. monocytogenes (ATCC 13932) strain was then inoculated into the samples. The OH process was carried out in a laboratory-type pilot unit created using stainless steel electrodes, a K-type thermocouple, a datalogger and power supply providing AC current at 0-250 V, 10 A. The inoculated milk samples were heated to 63°C by applying an electric field intensity of 10V/cm and 20V/cm. L. monocytogenes counts, pH, color measurement and hydroxymethylfurfurol levels were then determined. OH applied with an electric field intensity of 10 V/cm caused an average decrease of 5 logs in L. monocytogenes level in the samples containing 2.5% protein and decreased below the detection limit (<1 log) at the 9th minute (p<0.05). Similarly, application of an electric field intensity of 20 V/cm in milk containing 2.5% and 5% protein caused the L.monocytogenes level to decrease below the detection limit (<1 log) at 2 minutes 30 seconds (p<0.05). No change was observed in the L* (brightness) values of the samples but it was determined that there was a slight increase in pH, a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values compared to the control group. It was observed that the inactivation of L. monocytogenes by OH depends on the duration of the OH process, protein concentration in the milk and the applied voltage gradient.
{"title":"Ohmic heating application with different electric fields on inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in protein-enriched cow milk.","authors":"R Y Ayyıldız, H A Ayyıldız","doi":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149333","DOIUrl":"10.24425/pjvs.2024.149333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an ohmic heating (OH) process with different electric field intensities on Listeria monocytogenes inactivation in protein-enriched cow milk. Protein powder was added at rates of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% in 1.5% fat content milk, and L. monocytogenes (ATCC 13932) strain was then inoculated into the samples. The OH process was carried out in a laboratory-type pilot unit created using stainless steel electrodes, a K-type thermocouple, a datalogger and power supply providing AC current at 0-250 V, 10 A. The inoculated milk samples were heated to 63°C by applying an electric field intensity of 10V/cm and 20V/cm. L. monocytogenes counts, pH, color measurement and hydroxymethylfurfurol levels were then determined. OH applied with an electric field intensity of 10 V/cm caused an average decrease of 5 logs in L. monocytogenes level in the samples containing 2.5% protein and decreased below the detection limit (<1 log) at the 9th minute (p<0.05). Similarly, application of an electric field intensity of 20 V/cm in milk containing 2.5% and 5% protein caused the L.monocytogenes level to decrease below the detection limit (<1 log) at 2 minutes 30 seconds (p<0.05). No change was observed in the L* (brightness) values of the samples but it was determined that there was a slight increase in pH, a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values compared to the control group. It was observed that the inactivation of L. monocytogenes by OH depends on the duration of the OH process, protein concentration in the milk and the applied voltage gradient.</p>","PeriodicalId":94175,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.148278
L Martinello, F G Romão, M F Godoy, L H A Machado, M H Tsunemi, M L G Lourenço
The symbolic analysis of heart rate variability (biomarker of cardiac autonomic homeostasis) is a nonlinear and effective tool for pattern extraction and classification in a series analysis, which implies the transformation of an original time series into symbols, represented by numbers. Autonomic heart rate control is influenced by different factors, and better indicators of heart rate variability are found in healthy young individuals than in older and sicker individuals. The aim of this study was to compare the indicators of heart rate variability among healthy dogs in different age groups and in health status using the nonlinear method of symbolic analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this method for the risk of death in dogs. An increase in cardiac sympathetic modulation was observed in puppies and dogs at risk of death, which was evidenced by a marked increase of 0 V% (without variation - associated with sympathetic modulation) and a decrease in patterns of 2 V% (two variations - associated with parasympathetic modulation), while the opposite was observed in young adult dogs with increased parasympathetic modulation. Elderly dogs showed a gradual decrease in parasympathetic activity, which tended to worsen with loss of health. It is concluded that the variables of symbolic analysis may be useful to evaluate autonomic modulation in dogs and assist in the differentiation between health states, advanced disease and death throughout the life cycle and have been shown to be indices with high specificity, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy to help identify dogs at risk of death.
{"title":"Study of autonomic modulation by non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in different age groups and analysis of health status, disease and risk of death in dogs.","authors":"L Martinello, F G Romão, M F Godoy, L H A Machado, M H Tsunemi, M L G Lourenço","doi":"10.24425/pjvs.2023.148278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/pjvs.2023.148278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The symbolic analysis of heart rate variability (biomarker of cardiac autonomic homeostasis) is a nonlinear and effective tool for pattern extraction and classification in a series analysis, which implies the transformation of an original time series into symbols, represented by numbers. Autonomic heart rate control is influenced by different factors, and better indicators of heart rate variability are found in healthy young individuals than in older and sicker individuals. The aim of this study was to compare the indicators of heart rate variability among healthy dogs in different age groups and in health status using the nonlinear method of symbolic analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this method for the risk of death in dogs. An increase in cardiac sympathetic modulation was observed in puppies and dogs at risk of death, which was evidenced by a marked increase of 0 V% (without variation - associated with sympathetic modulation) and a decrease in patterns of 2 V% (two variations - associated with parasympathetic modulation), while the opposite was observed in young adult dogs with increased parasympathetic modulation. Elderly dogs showed a gradual decrease in parasympathetic activity, which tended to worsen with loss of health. It is concluded that the variables of symbolic analysis may be useful to evaluate autonomic modulation in dogs and assist in the differentiation between health states, advanced disease and death throughout the life cycle and have been shown to be indices with high specificity, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy to help identify dogs at risk of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":94175,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"26 4","pages":"581-590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138804407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.148286
A Domosławska, S Zduńczyk, A Bielecka, M Kankofer
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative/oxidative status of spermatozoa and prostatic fluid in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by the determination of total antioxidant capacity and protein peroxidation markers. Study was conducted on 40 intact dogs of various breeds. The dogs were assigned to two groups: BPH group (n=20) and non-affected group (n=20). The second and third fractions of the ejaculate were collected separately by digital manipulation. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the concentrations of SH-groups in sperm and prostatic fluid were determined spectrophotometrically, the concentrations of bityrosine and formylkynurenine were determined using spectrofluorimetric methods. The mean values of TAC in spermatozoa and prostatic fluid were significantly lower (p<0.05), whereas the mean contents of biotyrosine and formylkinurenine were significantly higher (p<0.05) in BPH dogs compared to control dogs. There was no statistically significant difference in the content of SH group between dogs with BPH and control dogs (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that BPH in dogs is associated with reduced total antioxidant capacity and increased protein oxidation in the prostatic fluid and spermatozoa, and suggest the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this condition. The potential role of antioxidants in the prevention and therapy of canine BPH requires further studies.
{"title":"The effect of benign prostatic hyperplasia on total antioxidant capacity and protein peroxidation in canine prostatic fluid and spermatozoa.","authors":"A Domosławska, S Zduńczyk, A Bielecka, M Kankofer","doi":"10.24425/pjvs.2023.148286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/pjvs.2023.148286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative/oxidative status of spermatozoa and prostatic fluid in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by the determination of total antioxidant capacity and protein peroxidation markers. Study was conducted on 40 intact dogs of various breeds. The dogs were assigned to two groups: BPH group (n=20) and non-affected group (n=20). The second and third fractions of the ejaculate were collected separately by digital manipulation. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the concentrations of SH-groups in sperm and prostatic fluid were determined spectrophotometrically, the concentrations of bityrosine and formylkynurenine were determined using spectrofluorimetric methods. The mean values of TAC in spermatozoa and prostatic fluid were significantly lower (p<0.05), whereas the mean contents of biotyrosine and formylkinurenine were significantly higher (p<0.05) in BPH dogs compared to control dogs. There was no statistically significant difference in the content of SH group between dogs with BPH and control dogs (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that BPH in dogs is associated with reduced total antioxidant capacity and increased protein oxidation in the prostatic fluid and spermatozoa, and suggest the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this condition. The potential role of antioxidants in the prevention and therapy of canine BPH requires further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94175,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"26 4","pages":"667-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138804670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.148293
D Jagódka, E Kaczorek-Łukowska, R Graczyk, P Socha
The most common problems in veterinary practice in bitches are bacterial infections of the reproductive tract associated with fertility problems. Research to determine the correlation between the health status of female dogs and bacterial flora of the genital tract has been ongoing for years, but the results obtained by different authors are often contradictory, and do not always concern breeding bitches. Our study identified the most common aerobic bacteria in the genital tract of numerous breeding bitches population. A total of 275 breeding dogs in anestrous phase of the estrous cycle were included in this study. 198 were qualified to the first group with no genital tract infections and no reproductive disorders. 68 bitches were qualified to the second group with complications such as: infertility, abortion, foetus resorptions and newborn mortality. The type of bacterial isolates was almost the same in the healthy bitches and the group with fertility problems. The most common bacteria obtained from the vaginal tract of the tested dogs were Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Mycoplasma canis and Escherichia coli. There were no significant differences in bacterial prevalence in the group with reproductive problems versus healthy dogs; however, we found a statistically significant difference between both groups when the numbers of bacterial strains were compared. The number of one-strain bitches was statistically higher in the problematic group than in the non-problematic one. Bacterial culturing of vaginal swab specimens from breeding bitches without clinical signs of genital disease is of little value. Furthermore, it should always be preceded by an examination (clinical, cytological or vaginoscopy etc.). The request or requirement to perform vaginal cultures that is made by some breeders, while common, is not diagnostic for any pathologic condition and the results of these cultures should never be used to determine if antibiotic therapy is indicated.
{"title":"Vaginal aerobic bacteria of healthy bitches and those with fertility problems.","authors":"D Jagódka, E Kaczorek-Łukowska, R Graczyk, P Socha","doi":"10.24425/pjvs.2023.148293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/pjvs.2023.148293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most common problems in veterinary practice in bitches are bacterial infections of the reproductive tract associated with fertility problems. Research to determine the correlation between the health status of female dogs and bacterial flora of the genital tract has been ongoing for years, but the results obtained by different authors are often contradictory, and do not always concern breeding bitches. Our study identified the most common aerobic bacteria in the genital tract of numerous breeding bitches population. A total of 275 breeding dogs in anestrous phase of the estrous cycle were included in this study. 198 were qualified to the first group with no genital tract infections and no reproductive disorders. 68 bitches were qualified to the second group with complications such as: infertility, abortion, foetus resorptions and newborn mortality. The type of bacterial isolates was almost the same in the healthy bitches and the group with fertility problems. The most common bacteria obtained from the vaginal tract of the tested dogs were Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Mycoplasma canis and Escherichia coli. There were no significant differences in bacterial prevalence in the group with reproductive problems versus healthy dogs; however, we found a statistically significant difference between both groups when the numbers of bacterial strains were compared. The number of one-strain bitches was statistically higher in the problematic group than in the non-problematic one. Bacterial culturing of vaginal swab specimens from breeding bitches without clinical signs of genital disease is of little value. Furthermore, it should always be preceded by an examination (clinical, cytological or vaginoscopy etc.). The request or requirement to perform vaginal cultures that is made by some breeders, while common, is not diagnostic for any pathologic condition and the results of these cultures should never be used to determine if antibiotic therapy is indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":94175,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"26 4","pages":"733-739"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138805818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}