Polish journal of veterinary sciences最新文献

The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of single or combined use of intermittent fasting and probiotics, which have been recommended as an alternative to antibiotics in recent years due to their proven efficacy, against Campylobacter colonization in mice. For this purpose, mice infected with Campylobacter jejuni were divided into groups and exposed to intermittent fasting and probiotics, alone and together. At the end of the experimental study, ileum and cecum contents were obtained for microbiological analyzes, and stomach and intestinal tissue samples were collected for histopathological analyzes. It was determined that the level of C. jejuni colonization in the ileum and cecum of mice in the positive control group (PC group) was significantly higher than in the other groups (p<0.05). It was also determined that the level of C. jejuni colonization in the ileum of mice in the probiotic and intermittent fasting group (PB +IF group) was lower than in the other groups and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). As a result of the histological analyzes, mild inflammatory reaction was observed to occur in the stomach and intestinal tissues of the animals in the experimental groups, and the severity of the inflammation was lower in the PB +IF group than in the other groups. The findings of this study indicate that single or combined use of intermittent fasting and probiotics may represent a safe and feasible strategy for the control of Campylobacter infections.

This study aims to estimate the heritability and genetic trend for herd life (HL) and productive life (PL) on an organic dairy cattle farm in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The data from 1093 cows culled from the farm were evaluated. Ancestors were collected by going 6 generations back. Thus, the pedigree file consisted of 4212 animals. Variance components and breeding values were estimated using the MTDFREML package program. The heritability for both HL and PL was found to be equal and 0.16. Standard errors of the heritabilities were 0.06 and 0.08, respectively. Genetic progress per year for HL and PL was 1.60 and 0.60 days, respectively. Estimations for HL and PL were generally consistent with other studies. Heritabilities indicate that breeding for HL and PL is possible; however, response to selection would be slow. Despite the extended length of the selection process, genetic variation could be sufficient for a successful breeding. Indirect selection based on particular traits that have a strong relationship with HL and PL may be beneficial. Our study showed a phenotypic decline in HL and PL, confirming the fluctuation in genetic trends. Therefore, the importance of life traits in the selection index should be emphasised.

The genus Teschovirus consists of two species, Teschovirus A and Teschovirus B, with over 19 genotypes. This study sequenced the near-complete genomes of the PTV YC2 strain, previously isolated. Comparative analyses revealed nucleotide and amino acid homologies between PTV-YC2 and other PTV strains ranging from 69.7% to 93.2% and 75.6% to 99.0%, respectively. Genetic divergence analysis of the P1, polyprotein and 2C-3CD genes confirmed that PTV-YC2 belonged to the Teschovirus B species. Phylogenetic analyses showed a close evolutionary relationship between YC2 and the HuN42 strain, the prototype of the TV-B3 genotype, leading to PTV-YC2's categorization as TV-B3. This study is the first to document the prevalence of the TV-B3 genotype in Jiangxi Province, China.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease in animals. Inactive parapoxvirus ovis (IPPVO) strengthens humoral immunity. This study aimed to determine the effect of IPPVO application together with FMD vaccine on cattle immunity. It included 30 Holstein cattle randomly divided into two groups: one was administered only the FMD vaccine, and the other was administered the FMD vaccine and IPPVO simultaneously. Control blood was collected from all animals at 0 hours. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured in blood samples collected at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours post-vaccination, while serum IgG and IgM levels were measured in blood samples collected at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days post-vaccination using ELISA kits. While no changes in serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were detected in the FMD group, IL-1β levels significantly increased (peaking at four hours) in the FMD + IPPVO group. In the FMD group, while IgG levels increased significantly (peaking at 16 days), IgM levels did not change. In the FMD + IPPVO group, IgG level on day 8 was higher than the 16 days value. Also, the IgM level increased significantly on day 16. In conclusion, the application of FMD with IPPVO increases the primary immune response (IgM), but it does not affect the long-term immune response (IgG).

This study was conducted to determine the presence of bacterial flora in the preputium samples of healthy rams in the province of Afyonkarahisar and identify the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates. Preputial swab samples were collected from a total of 50 healthy 2-3-year-old rams in the center, districts, and villages of Afyonkarahisar, including 20 Merino, 10 Hampshire, and 20 Pirlak breed rams. Seventy-eight isolates obtained from the 50 clinically healthy rams were identified using standard microbiological and biochemical methods, as well as the VITEK-2 automated system device. Forty-four isolates were Gram-positive bacteria (56.4%), 29 isolates were Gram-negative bacteria (37.2%), and 5 isolates were yeasts (6.4%). Seventeen genera consisting of Acinetobacter lwoffii, Aerococcus viridans, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus spp., Candida spp., Escherichia coli, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Kocuria kristinae, Kocuria rosea, Kytococcus sedentarius, Lactococcus lactis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Neisseria animaloris, Salmonella enterica ssp. diarizonae, Sphingobacterium thalpophilum, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus cohnii spp. urealyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Streptococcus ovis, and Streptococcus thoraltensis were isolated. The most frequently isolated species in the tested animals were Staphylococcus spp. (25.6%), E. coli (21.8%), Streptococcus spp. (7.7%), A. viridans (6.4%), Lactococcus lactis ssp. (6.4%), and Candida spp. (6.4%). The susceptibility of the isolates to ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, tetracycline, ceftiofur, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method (Bauer et al. 1966). Most isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and florfenicol, while most were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin.

β-Casein accounts for approximately 30% of total milk protein, with the A1 and A2 variants being the most common. A1 β-casein may release β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) during digestion, which is associated with adverse health effects, whereas A2 β-casein does not. This study investigated the A2 allele frequency and its potential influence on milk performance in Holstein cattle in Taiwan. A total of 1,050 cows from five herds were genotyped using the GeneSeek 50K SNP chip. The A2 allele frequency ranged from 0.58 to 0.75 among herds, with an average of 0.66. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests indicated no significant deviation within herds. Pedigree validation confirmed Mendelian inheritance of A1 and A2 alleles. Furthermore, 348 cows with complete lactation records were evaluated for 305-day mature equivalent milk and fat yields across genotypes. Although cows with the A1/A1 genotype showed numerically higher milk and fat yields, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests revealed no statistically significant differences. These results suggest that while A2 allele selection is increasing in Taiwan, β-casein genotype does not significantly influence milk or fat production in the studied population.

Metabolic diseases in cows have a significant influence on their health status, milk production, and the health and immune parameters of newborn calves. One of the most critical periods in the lactation cycle of dairy cows is the transition period, which covers the last three weeks before and the first three weeks after calving. It is characterized by the occurrence of metabolic and endocrine adaptations resulting from the increased demand for nutrients to support future lactation and avoid metabolic dysfunction. Metabolic stress is a hypermetabolic and catabolic response to homeostatic imbalance which affects the development and maturation of foetus. Lipid mobilization is a typical feature of a negative energy balance (NEB), whereby non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are released into the bloodstream and used as a source of energy. The aim of this review was to present results of our research and research of other authors on the impact of metabolic disorders in dairy cows on the immune and health status of calves.

The aim of this study was to carry out a follow-up evaluation of cryopreserved semen of native breed cattle collected in the National Bank of Biological Material (NBBM). The oldest material, from 2004-2010, was included in the study. A total of 70 ejaculates from 62 bulls (5 Polish Red-and-White, 7 Polish Black-and-White, 11 Whitebacked, 39 Polish Red) were used in the study. After thawing sperm concentration and viability (plasma membrane intactness) were determined using a fluorescence-based instrument - NucleoCounter SP-100. Sperm concentration was higher (p≤0.05) for the semen of Polish Red-and-White and Polish Red bulls compared to the semen of Polish Black-and-White and Whitebacked bulls. For the viability, no significant differences were observed between breeds. The number of viable spermatozoa per straw in the examined semen ranged from 4.09 to 18.29 × 10⁶. This study has shown large differences in the quality of bull semen frozen between 2004 and 2010, from the collection of the National Bank of Biological Material while its quality parameters allow it to be used for insemination.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lactation number, lactation stage and somatic cell count (SCC) on the presence of pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens in cow milk. A total of 1712 milk samples were collected from the udder quarters of 428 lactating Holstein breed cows for bacteriological examination. Somatic cell count was taken from the controlled bovine records. The cows were divided into four groups according to the lactation number (viz. lactation numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and above) and into three groups according to the lactation month (viz. 1-4, 5-8, 9 months and above). The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 27.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Frequencies of microorganisms were calculated by determining their confidence intervals (Wilson Confidence Interval 95%, CI). Various farm pathogens were identified: CNS (Coagulase negative staphylococci), S. aureus, Enterococcus spp., Str. agalactiae, E. coli. It was found that CNS and S. agalactiae increased with somatic cell count, lactation number and lactation stage. E. coli increased at the end of the lactation stage (p≤0.05). Enterococcus spp. count in milk differed significantly between cows in lactations 1 and 4 and older (p≤0.05). Pathogen number also increased with milk fat, but decreased with increased protein content (p≤0.01).

In this study, the effects of in-ovo injection of Chrysin (CR) into Japanese quail eggs on testicular histology, oxidant status and epididymal sperm quality were investigated. 720 Japanese quail eggs were divided into 4 groups and 0.1 mL saline was given to the control group, 0.25 mg CR to the 0.25 group, 0.50 mg CR to the 0.50 group and 0.75 mg CR to the 0.75 group. On the 60th day after the laying of eggs, 8 Japanese quails were randomly selected from each group and sacrificed under mild sevoflurane anesthesia. The abdominal cavity was opened and both testicular tissues and epididymal parts were removed. The right testicular tissue was used for histopathological examinations and the left one was used for biochemical analyses. The epididymal part at the tip of the vas deferens at the end of the right testis was trimmed in 100 μL saline at 37°C. Histopathological examinations showed that histological scoring was higher in the CR 50 and CR 75 groups. A decrease in oxidant status was observed in all CR groups compared to the control group. Spermatozoa density was higher in CR groups compared to the control group. Total motility value was statistically significantly higher in CR 50 and CR 75 groups compared to control and CR 25 groups. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of dead and abnormal spermatozoa. In-ovo CR injection at doses of 0.50 and 0.75 mg/egg improved testicular histological score, decreased oxidative stress, and increased epididymal sperm quality.