Revista espanola de salud publica最新文献

Objective: Cardiorespiratory fitness reduces the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, cancer and mortality. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between equation-estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and all-cause mortality in the Chilean population of both genders according to data from the 2009-2010 National Health Survey (NHS).

Methods: Data from 4,749 participants from the 2009-2010 NHS were analysed after 10.9 years of follow-up. Fitness was estimated with the Myers et al. equation and classified into quintiles. All-cause mortality records were obtained from the Chilean Civil Registry and Identification until 2020. Cox regression models adjusted for confounding variables (demographics, nutritional status, lifestyle and comorbidities) were used to assess the association between fitness and mortality.

Results: During the 10.9 years (IQR: 10.8; 11.4) of follow-up 506 (10.6%) people died. Compared to the lowest fitness quintile (<7 METs) those classified in the highest quintile (>12 METs) had a 95% lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09) and the risk of mortality was 28% lower for every 1-METs increase in fitness (HR: 0.72 95% CI: 0.69, 0.75). All these associations were independent of confounders.

Conclusions: We conclude that a higher level of fitness is associated with a lower risk of mortality independent of confounding factors in the Chilean population after 10.9 years of follow-up.

Objective: Physical activity (PA) may be key to reducing problematic Internet use (PIU) among adolescents. Given that Internet usage patterns and PA participation can vary significantly across genders and different age groups, this study aims to analyze the association between PIU and PA, mental health and other contextual factors, in students aged thirteen to nineteen in Barcelona, by sex and age.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using data from the 2021 FRESC Survey was carried out, which included 3,256 students in the city of Barcelona. The dependent variable was PIU, measured with the validated CIUS scale. Poisson regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa) with 95% confidence intervals (IC95%).

Results: In the group over sixteen years old, lower PIU was associated with regular PA in girls (PRa=0.62, IC95%=0.39-0.97) and in boys (PRa=0.51, IC95%=0.35-0.74). Lower PIU in girls under sixteen was associated with higher frequency of sports activities (PRa=0.53, IC95%=0.31-0.88). Poor mental health was associated with higher PIU across all groups (boys under sixteen, PRa=3.31, IC95%=2.42-4.51).

Conclusions: PA is associated with lower PIU in all groups except boys under sixteen years old. Other factors associated with higher PIU includes poor mental health and poor family relationships. PA promotion programs with a gender perspective could be key to addressing PIU in adolescents.

This document aims to provide visibility and raise awareness of the vaccination campaign against influenza and COVID-19 for the 2024-2025 season in Spain. This manuscript may be of interest to the scientific community, healthcare professionals, and the general population, as it emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts among all health services and public-facing workers. Furthermore, it is important to consider that both diseases continue to pose a significant risk, especially to vulnerable populations, and vaccination is positioned as the most effective public health strategy to prevent the collapse of the healthcare system and the saturation of services.

Objective: Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are one of the groups of drugs with the highest prevalence of use. However, in many cases they are used for the treatment of unapproved indications. For this reason, in Navarra a strategy was implemented to deprescribe PPI in those cases in which their use was not indicated. Subsequently, a project was designed in order to analyze the health outcomes of that PPI deprescription strategy.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study will be developed to evaluate health outcomes obtained after the implementation of the PPI deprescription strategy. The primary outcome will be the time until a serious adverse event, defined as one that causes hospital admission or death. We will analyze whether there are differences between patients who stopped PPI treatment and those who maintained it.

Conclusions: It is expected to obtain information on the health outcomes of the proton pump inhibitor deprescription strategy and information about the convenience of continuing it.

Objective: The use and abuse of cannabis produces lifelong socio-health consequences. However, there is a great movement towards its legalization. The purpose of this study was to assess the evolution of the prevalence of drug use in the young population in Spain, as well as the impact it currently has on our social and health care system.

Methods: A national observational descriptive study was carried out in students aged fourteen-eighteen years living in Spain. The data sources used were: ESTUDES survey; Evolutionary data from Intelligence Center against Terrorism and Organized Crime (CITCO) on THC content in cannabis plants and resin; State Information System on Drugs and Addictions (SEIDA) indicators: Admissions to treatment and Hospital emergencies related to the consumption of psychoactive substances. The data obtained were processed with the statistical program SPSS version 28.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Continuous variables were described using measures of central tendency and dispersion, while categorical variables were described using absolute frequencies and percentages. To compare independent means, Student's t-test was applied and for the comparison of categorical variables, the chi-square statistical test was used; in both cases differences with p<0.001 were considered significant.

Results: In the last year, 21.8% of the students consumed cannabis. A total of 92.3% of the admissions to treatment were for this substance. Cannabis was present in 57.3% of emergencies related to illegal drug use.

Conclusions: As is the case in Europe, cannabis continues to be the illegal drug most widely consumed by young people in our country; it is responsible for most of the social and health adverse consequences of the consumption of illegal substances in young people.

Objective: The context in which women in prostitution find themselves makes them more susceptible to suffering violence of multiple characteristics, including the violation of the right to health of many of them, conditioned by prejudices related to venereal diseases, common administrative irregularity or the inherent stigma. The objective of this work was to identify the main challenges of health care for women in prostitution.

Methods: A systematic narrative review was carried out by searching the Scielo, PubMed, Dialnet and Cuiden databases for primary studies published between 2018 and 2023. The literature search was carried out by peer review between the months of January and March 2023.

Results: A total of 19 articles were selected, highlighting the thematic lines: access to the Health System; prevalence and risk factors for HIV and other STIs; HIV prevention and use of PrEP; and comprehensive and biopsychosocial care for the health problems of women in prostitution.

Conclusions: Health care for women in prostitution generally focuses on sexual and reproductive health, but health care should cover their health more broadly, given that they have significant needs in the area of mental health, exposure to violence, and hygiene and health conditions. Self-care practices are essential for women themselves to take an active role in prevention and health promotion.

Objective: The vaccines that are not funded by the government could create some inequities among the infants, because some of them do not have as many chances to get that immunization as others. The objective of this paper was to calculate the optional vaccinations coverage in vaccines that are not funded by the government, like meningococcal B and rotavirus, in infants less than twelve months and also to analyse the socioeconomic factors related to the administration.

Methods: An analytical observational study was carried out in two basic health areas of the Region of Murcia in 2022. The cohort consisted of 297 infants born in 2017 selected from a health card. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic data were obtained through an ad hoc questionnaire carried out by telephone to parents and/or tutors. The infant's vaccination status was verified in the Regional Vaccine Registry and OMIap primary care registry. Non-funded vaccine coverage rates and the association with these variables were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 21.0 program. The odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using binary logistic regression and multiple logistic regression to independently evaluate the association of variables.

Results: The vaccination coverage against MenB was 49.4% (at least one dose before twelve months) and rotavirus was 56.7% (complete regimen). The variable that was most independently associated with unfunded vaccination was the Spanish nationality of the parents, OR=11.8 (95% CI=5.0 to 28.2), p<0.001 for MenB and OR=7.3 (95% CI=3.5 to 15.1), p<0.001 for rotavirus.

Conclusions: Vaccination coverage against MenB and rotavirus is significantly associated with the socioeconomic factors studied in parents or guardians.

Health Week is an initiative implemented at a hospital in Madrid aimed at promoting the health, well-being and self-care of its employees. This pilot health promotion project is part of a broader initiative to encourage healthy lifestylesby offering activities during and outside the working day that generate physical, social and emotional well-being. This paper presents the findings obtained during the pilot phase of the intervention.

Objective: Adolescence represents a critical period for the establishment of healthy habits, with family and peer influence playing an essential role. This study aimed to examine the relationship between family and peer influence on various lifestyle behaviors in adolescents, specifically smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption.

Methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 173 secondary school adolescents, utilizing the maximum likelihood estimation method. Additionally, the structural model was analyzed using multi-group structural equation modeling and path analysis to assess the influence of family and peers on adolescent behaviors. Model fit was verified: comparative fit index (CFI); normalized fit index (NFI); and root mean square error of approximation (REMSEA). The data were analyzed with the Amos 24 program. In addition, the generalizability coefficient (G) was calculated using an optimization plan with three projections (SAGT v1.0).

Results: Peers were found to have the strongest influence on both healthy lifestyle habits and risk behaviors. Support from friends was the dimension that had the greatest impact on the practice of healthy behaviors, especially physical activity (0.630), while the perception of satisfaction with peers had the least impact. With regard to the family, the dimension that had the least dominance in adolescent behavior was dialogue, and the most, satisfaction with family relationships. Furthermore, during early adolescence, the family context had a greater influence on the acquisition of life habits, in contrast to middle adolescence, where the influence of peers was more relevant.

Conclusions: Interventions aimed at promoting healthy habits among children and adolescents should consider the role of both family and peers as critical components in the development of effective health promotion and prevention strategies.