Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X22500495
K. T. Lim, Kia Hui Lim, Xuan Zhou, Juan Yang, Kyung-Min Shin, A. Mohabbat, Wyatt W Baude, S. Nanda, David A Bauer, Monique Theberath, Nicole Theberath, B. Bauer, Ravindra Ganesh
Pain is the most frequently encountered symptom by patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Dietary supplements (DSs) in particular have a proven impact as a possible adjunctive therapy for symptom management in FM. However, there is currently no conclusive review outlining the evidence for DSs in pain management in FM. This study aims to assess currently available studies evaluating the use of DSs for pain relief in FM. Randomized controlled trials regarding the use of DSs on adult FM patients were included for evidence synthesis. Study results indicated that DSs significantly relieved pain in FM (SMD 1.23; 95% CI 0.02-2.43, [Formula: see text] = 0.046) but did not improve quality of life (QoL) (SMD 0.73; 95% CI -0.07-1.53, [Formula: see text] = 0.075) in the data. Adverse events of DSs varied from mild to severe, with the most common being gastrointestinal symptoms and androgenic side effects in 5.7% and 3.9% of patients, respectively. More well-designed RCTs are required in the future. The protocol for this review has been published on PROSPERO (CRD42020149941).
{"title":"Dietary Supplements for Pain Relief in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"K. T. Lim, Kia Hui Lim, Xuan Zhou, Juan Yang, Kyung-Min Shin, A. Mohabbat, Wyatt W Baude, S. Nanda, David A Bauer, Monique Theberath, Nicole Theberath, B. Bauer, Ravindra Ganesh","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X22500495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X22500495","url":null,"abstract":"Pain is the most frequently encountered symptom by patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Dietary supplements (DSs) in particular have a proven impact as a possible adjunctive therapy for symptom management in FM. However, there is currently no conclusive review outlining the evidence for DSs in pain management in FM. This study aims to assess currently available studies evaluating the use of DSs for pain relief in FM. Randomized controlled trials regarding the use of DSs on adult FM patients were included for evidence synthesis. Study results indicated that DSs significantly relieved pain in FM (SMD 1.23; 95% CI 0.02-2.43, [Formula: see text] = 0.046) but did not improve quality of life (QoL) (SMD 0.73; 95% CI -0.07-1.53, [Formula: see text] = 0.075) in the data. Adverse events of DSs varied from mild to severe, with the most common being gastrointestinal symptoms and androgenic side effects in 5.7% and 3.9% of patients, respectively. More well-designed RCTs are required in the future. The protocol for this review has been published on PROSPERO (CRD42020149941).","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43086247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X2250046X
Bin Wen, Keru Zhou, Cai-ying Hu, Jiehui Chen, Kai Xu, Tao Liang, Benhong He, Ling Chen, Juan Chen
Salidroside, an active ingredient in Rhodiola rosea, has potent protective activity against cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanisms underlying its pharmacological actions are poorly understood. In this study, we employed a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and cellular oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) models to test the hypothesis that salidroside may restore mitochondrial quality control in neurons by modulating the relevant signaling. The results indicated that salidroside mitigated almost 40% the ischemia-induced brain infarct volumes in mice and the OGD-decreased viability of neurons to ameliorate the mitochondrial functions. Furthermore, salidroside treatment alleviated the OGD- or ischemia-induced imbalance of mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitophagy and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in neurons by attenuating the AMPK activity. Moreover, salidroside alleviated 50% the OGD-promoted mitochondrial calcium fluorescence intensity and 5% mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) area by down-regulating GRP75 expression independent of the AMPK signaling. Finally, similar findings were achieved in primary mouse neurons. Collectively, these data indicate that salidroside effectively restores the mitochondria dynamics, facilitates mitochondrial biogenesis by attenuating the AMPK signaling, and maintains calcium homeostasis in neurons independent of the AMPK activity.
{"title":"Salidroside Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury through AMPK Dependent and Independent Pathways to Maintain Mitochondrial Quality Control.","authors":"Bin Wen, Keru Zhou, Cai-ying Hu, Jiehui Chen, Kai Xu, Tao Liang, Benhong He, Ling Chen, Juan Chen","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2250046X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X2250046X","url":null,"abstract":"Salidroside, an active ingredient in Rhodiola rosea, has potent protective activity against cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanisms underlying its pharmacological actions are poorly understood. In this study, we employed a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and cellular oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) models to test the hypothesis that salidroside may restore mitochondrial quality control in neurons by modulating the relevant signaling. The results indicated that salidroside mitigated almost 40% the ischemia-induced brain infarct volumes in mice and the OGD-decreased viability of neurons to ameliorate the mitochondrial functions. Furthermore, salidroside treatment alleviated the OGD- or ischemia-induced imbalance of mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitophagy and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in neurons by attenuating the AMPK activity. Moreover, salidroside alleviated 50% the OGD-promoted mitochondrial calcium fluorescence intensity and 5% mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) area by down-regulating GRP75 expression independent of the AMPK signaling. Finally, similar findings were achieved in primary mouse neurons. Collectively, these data indicate that salidroside effectively restores the mitochondria dynamics, facilitates mitochondrial biogenesis by attenuating the AMPK signaling, and maintains calcium homeostasis in neurons independent of the AMPK activity.","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45354305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X22500446
Yuezhen Lin, Ruijie Hou, Tao Zhang, J. Chung, Chi-Chiu Wang, Rui-hua Zhao
Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent condition that causes dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used for endometriosis for many years in Asian populations. This is a retrospective study in a territory teaching hospital of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing, China to compare the short- and long-term effectiveness and safety of CHM for endometriosis associated pain (EAP) before and after CHM treatment. A total of 338 out of 1143 women confirmed with endometriosis by ultrasonogram or surgery within three months received a CHM decoction twice a day for at least 3 and up to 24 months. All data were collected by a Structured Medical Records of Endometriosis (SMRE) in every clinic visit covering the whole treatment period. Pain score, evaluated by Numeric Rating Scale, was significantly decreased from 3rd to 12th month in women with moderate or severe pain. Frequency and severity rating of menstrual symptoms, evaluated by Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale, were significantly decreased in women with any pain level. Psychological changes rated by Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were significantly lower in 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of treatment, but those by Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) was significantly decreased in six months of treatment. There was no severe adverse event but only minor side-effects. In conclusion, our study showed that CHM relieved EAP and related symptoms with minimal side-effects after treatment. A large-scale randomized and placebo-controlled trial could be designed to confirm the efficacy and safety.
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Endometriosis Associated Pain.","authors":"Yuezhen Lin, Ruijie Hou, Tao Zhang, J. Chung, Chi-Chiu Wang, Rui-hua Zhao","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X22500446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X22500446","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent condition that causes dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used for endometriosis for many years in Asian populations. This is a retrospective study in a territory teaching hospital of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing, China to compare the short- and long-term effectiveness and safety of CHM for endometriosis associated pain (EAP) before and after CHM treatment. A total of 338 out of 1143 women confirmed with endometriosis by ultrasonogram or surgery within three months received a CHM decoction twice a day for at least 3 and up to 24 months. All data were collected by a Structured Medical Records of Endometriosis (SMRE) in every clinic visit covering the whole treatment period. Pain score, evaluated by Numeric Rating Scale, was significantly decreased from 3rd to 12th month in women with moderate or severe pain. Frequency and severity rating of menstrual symptoms, evaluated by Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale, were significantly decreased in women with any pain level. Psychological changes rated by Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were significantly lower in 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of treatment, but those by Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) was significantly decreased in six months of treatment. There was no severe adverse event but only minor side-effects. In conclusion, our study showed that CHM relieved EAP and related symptoms with minimal side-effects after treatment. A large-scale randomized and placebo-controlled trial could be designed to confirm the efficacy and safety.","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45044985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X22500458
Ying Wang, Junjun Zhang, Jingang Hou, Xin Li, Wei Liu, Jing-tian Zhang, Si-Wen Zheng, Feng-Yan Su, Wei Li
Although growing evidence has shown that ginsenosides from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) exercise a protective impact on the central nervous system, in the model of memory damage induced by scopolamine, it is still rarely reported. Thus, the mechanism of action needs to be further explored. This study was to investigate the effect of GSLS on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory damage and the underlying mechanism. Male ICR mice were treated with SCOP (3 mg/kg) for 7 days, with or without GSLS (75 and 150 mg/kg) treatment for 14 days. After GSLS treatment, the memory damage induced by SCOP was significantly ameliorated as shown by the improvement of cholinergic function (AChE and ChAT), brain tissue hippocampus morphology (H&E staining), and oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, and NO). Meanwhile, immunohistochemical assay suggested that GSLS increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Tyrosine Kinase receptor B (TrkB). Further mechanism research indicated that GSLS inhibited the Tau hyperphosphorylation and cell apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibited neuroinflammation by regulating the NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway, thereby exerting a cognitive impairment improvement effect. This work suggested that GSLS could protect against SCOP-induced memory defects possibly through inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Ginsenosides from Stems and Leaves of Panax ginseng against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Damage via Multiple Molecular Mechanisms.","authors":"Ying Wang, Junjun Zhang, Jingang Hou, Xin Li, Wei Liu, Jing-tian Zhang, Si-Wen Zheng, Feng-Yan Su, Wei Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X22500458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X22500458","url":null,"abstract":"Although growing evidence has shown that ginsenosides from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) exercise a protective impact on the central nervous system, in the model of memory damage induced by scopolamine, it is still rarely reported. Thus, the mechanism of action needs to be further explored. This study was to investigate the effect of GSLS on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory damage and the underlying mechanism. Male ICR mice were treated with SCOP (3 mg/kg) for 7 days, with or without GSLS (75 and 150 mg/kg) treatment for 14 days. After GSLS treatment, the memory damage induced by SCOP was significantly ameliorated as shown by the improvement of cholinergic function (AChE and ChAT), brain tissue hippocampus morphology (H&E staining), and oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, and NO). Meanwhile, immunohistochemical assay suggested that GSLS increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Tyrosine Kinase receptor B (TrkB). Further mechanism research indicated that GSLS inhibited the Tau hyperphosphorylation and cell apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibited neuroinflammation by regulating the NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway, thereby exerting a cognitive impairment improvement effect. This work suggested that GSLS could protect against SCOP-induced memory defects possibly through inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46165888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X22500434
Lei Wang, Ting Zhu, De-qin Feng, Renshi Li, Chao-Yu Zhang
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a highly confounding and fatal pathological process with finite treatment options. Multiple factors such as oxidative and immune/inflammation involve key pathological processes in chronic lung disease, and their intimate interactions mediate chronic lung damage, denudation of the alveolar epithelium, hyperproliferation of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs), proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, and the permeability of microvessels. We reviewed the classic mechanism of PF and highlighted a few emerging mechanisms for studying complex networks in lung disease pathology. Polyphenols, as a multi-target drug, has excellent potential in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. We then reviewed recent advances in discovering phenolic compounds from fruits, tea, and medical herbs with the bioactivities of simultaneously regulating multiple factors (e.g., oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis) for minimizing pulmonary fibrosis injury. These compounds include resveratrol, curcumin, salvianolic acid B, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, gallic acid, corilagin. Each phenolic compound can exert its anti-PF effect through various mechanisms, and the signaling pathways involved in different phenolic compounds are not the same. This review summarized the available evidence on phenolic compounds' effectiveness in pulmonary diseases and explored the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of phenolic compounds from Chinese herbal medicine with the properties of inhibition of ongoing fibrogenesis and resolution of existing fibrosis.
{"title":"Polyphenols from Chinese Herbal Medicine: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Fibrosis.","authors":"Lei Wang, Ting Zhu, De-qin Feng, Renshi Li, Chao-Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X22500434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X22500434","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a highly confounding and fatal pathological process with finite treatment options. Multiple factors such as oxidative and immune/inflammation involve key pathological processes in chronic lung disease, and their intimate interactions mediate chronic lung damage, denudation of the alveolar epithelium, hyperproliferation of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs), proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, and the permeability of microvessels. We reviewed the classic mechanism of PF and highlighted a few emerging mechanisms for studying complex networks in lung disease pathology. Polyphenols, as a multi-target drug, has excellent potential in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. We then reviewed recent advances in discovering phenolic compounds from fruits, tea, and medical herbs with the bioactivities of simultaneously regulating multiple factors (e.g., oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis) for minimizing pulmonary fibrosis injury. These compounds include resveratrol, curcumin, salvianolic acid B, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, gallic acid, corilagin. Each phenolic compound can exert its anti-PF effect through various mechanisms, and the signaling pathways involved in different phenolic compounds are not the same. This review summarized the available evidence on phenolic compounds' effectiveness in pulmonary diseases and explored the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of phenolic compounds from Chinese herbal medicine with the properties of inhibition of ongoing fibrogenesis and resolution of existing fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42766593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X22500422
Xiaona Li, Bin-Bin Liu, Na Duan, Yibai Xiong, Yan Zhang, Chi Zhang, Cheng Lu, Li Li
Influenza is a sudden and serious viral breathing and lung-related infectious disease that causes significant deadliness and death worldwide. Now, the international treatment is oseltamivir. Chinese patent medicine (CPM) as a kind of different therapy is used in the treatment of influenza in China. The aim of this study was to interpret the clinical efficacy and safety of CPM combined with oseltamivir in the treatment of adult influenza by reviewing all relevant randomized controlled trials, and to provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of influenza. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were searched from the date of beginning until 1 June 2021, for the references on treatment of influenza with CPM. According to standard information extraction tables, two people worked to find and aggregate information independently. Review Manager 5.2 was used to study data carefully and evaluate risk of bias. A total of nine trials of 906 patients were included. Based on the meta-analysis, compared to oseltamivir, CPM combined with oseltamivir had better effect in the time of defervescence [MD = -17.68, 95% CI (-25.93, -9.44), [Formula: see text] < 0.0001], the time of symptom improvement [MD = -22.28, 95% CI (-26.77, -17.80), [Formula: see text] < 0.00001], and the time of hospitalization [MD = -2.04, 95% CI (-3.45, -0.63), [Formula: see text] = 0.005]. Related to safety [RR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.38, 1.23), [Formula: see text] = 0.21], the experimental group had fewer adverse reactions than the control group, but there is no statistical significance. The findings show that CPM combined with oseltamivir in adult influenza has a better efficacy in shortening the time of defervescence and symptom improvement, reducing the time of hospitalization. However, publication bias is inevitable due to the low methodological quality check of the clinical research about diagnostic criteria, definition of adult influenza, and small number of articles, and further large sample sizes and multi-center clinical trials are needed to give better proof for its efficacy and safety.
{"title":"Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Patent Medicine Combined with Oseltamivir for the Treatment of Adult Influenza: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Xiaona Li, Bin-Bin Liu, Na Duan, Yibai Xiong, Yan Zhang, Chi Zhang, Cheng Lu, Li Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X22500422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X22500422","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza is a sudden and serious viral breathing and lung-related infectious disease that causes significant deadliness and death worldwide. Now, the international treatment is oseltamivir. Chinese patent medicine (CPM) as a kind of different therapy is used in the treatment of influenza in China. The aim of this study was to interpret the clinical efficacy and safety of CPM combined with oseltamivir in the treatment of adult influenza by reviewing all relevant randomized controlled trials, and to provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of influenza. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were searched from the date of beginning until 1 June 2021, for the references on treatment of influenza with CPM. According to standard information extraction tables, two people worked to find and aggregate information independently. Review Manager 5.2 was used to study data carefully and evaluate risk of bias. A total of nine trials of 906 patients were included. Based on the meta-analysis, compared to oseltamivir, CPM combined with oseltamivir had better effect in the time of defervescence [MD = -17.68, 95% CI (-25.93, -9.44), [Formula: see text] < 0.0001], the time of symptom improvement [MD = -22.28, 95% CI (-26.77, -17.80), [Formula: see text] < 0.00001], and the time of hospitalization [MD = -2.04, 95% CI (-3.45, -0.63), [Formula: see text] = 0.005]. Related to safety [RR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.38, 1.23), [Formula: see text] = 0.21], the experimental group had fewer adverse reactions than the control group, but there is no statistical significance. The findings show that CPM combined with oseltamivir in adult influenza has a better efficacy in shortening the time of defervescence and symptom improvement, reducing the time of hospitalization. However, publication bias is inevitable due to the low methodological quality check of the clinical research about diagnostic criteria, definition of adult influenza, and small number of articles, and further large sample sizes and multi-center clinical trials are needed to give better proof for its efficacy and safety.","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45533440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electroacupuncture (EA) is commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms of action of treatments of cerebral ischemic stroke from the perspective of gut microecology. We used a mouse model and cell cultures to investigate the effects of EA on the intestinal microflora in mice models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant activities of metabolites. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to validate the roles of gut microbiota. Metabolomic analysis was performed to characterize the metabolic profile differences between the mice in the EA + MCAO and MCAO groups. Gavaging with feces relieved brain damage in mice that received EA (EA mice) more than in mice that did not (non-EA [NEA] mice). The gut microbial composition and metabolic profiles of the EA and NEA mice were different. In particular, the microbiota from the mice in the EA or EA-FMT groups generated more indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) than the microbiota from the mice in the MCAO or NEA-FMT groups. We confirmed that IPA binds to specific melatonin receptors (MTRs) in target cells and exerts antioxidant effects by adding MTR inhibitors or knocking out the MTR1 gene in vivo and in the oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion models of N2a cell experiments. EA can prevent ischemic stroke by improving the composition of intestinal microbiota in MCAO mice. Moreover, this study reveals a new mechanism of intestinal flora regulation of stroke that differs from inflammation/immunity, namely gut microbiota regulates stroke by affecting IPA levels.
{"title":"Gut Flora Mediates the Rapid Tolerance of Electroacupuncture on Ischemic Stroke by Activating Melatonin Receptor through Regulating Indole-3-Propionic Acid.","authors":"Shan Li, Xiaoyong Zhao, Feihong Lin, Xuqing Ni, Xia Liu, Chang Kong, Xinyu Yao, Yunchang Mo, Qinxue Dai, Junlu Wang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X22500409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X22500409","url":null,"abstract":"Electroacupuncture (EA) is commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms of action of treatments of cerebral ischemic stroke from the perspective of gut microecology. We used a mouse model and cell cultures to investigate the effects of EA on the intestinal microflora in mice models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant activities of metabolites. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to validate the roles of gut microbiota. Metabolomic analysis was performed to characterize the metabolic profile differences between the mice in the EA + MCAO and MCAO groups. Gavaging with feces relieved brain damage in mice that received EA (EA mice) more than in mice that did not (non-EA [NEA] mice). The gut microbial composition and metabolic profiles of the EA and NEA mice were different. In particular, the microbiota from the mice in the EA or EA-FMT groups generated more indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) than the microbiota from the mice in the MCAO or NEA-FMT groups. We confirmed that IPA binds to specific melatonin receptors (MTRs) in target cells and exerts antioxidant effects by adding MTR inhibitors or knocking out the MTR1 gene in vivo and in the oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion models of N2a cell experiments. EA can prevent ischemic stroke by improving the composition of intestinal microbiota in MCAO mice. Moreover, this study reveals a new mechanism of intestinal flora regulation of stroke that differs from inflammation/immunity, namely gut microbiota regulates stroke by affecting IPA levels.","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42388758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X22500471
Defu Tie, Zhaohui Fan, Dan Chen, Xiao Chen, Qizhu Chen, Jun Chen, Huaben Bo
This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) with its multiple components and targets in the synergistic regulation of hematopoiesis. Mouse models of hematopoiesis were established using antibiotics. Metabolomics was used to detect body metabolites and enriched pathways. The active ingredients, targets, and pathways of DBT were analyzed using system pharmacology. The results of metabolomics and system pharmacology were integrated to identify the key pathways and targets. A total of 515 metabolites were identified using metabolomics. After the action of antibiotics, 49 metabolites were markedly changed: 23 were increased, 26 were decreased, and 11 were significantly reversed after DBT administration. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that these 11 metabolites were related to bile secretion, cofactor biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. The results of the pharmacological analysis showed that 616 targets were related to DBT-induced anemia, which were mainly enriched in biological processes, such as bile secretion, biosynthesis of cofactors, and cholesterol metabolism. Combined with the results of metabolomics and system pharmacology, we found that bile acid metabolism and biotin synthesis were the key pathways for DBT. Forty-two targets of DBT were related to these two metabolic pathways. PPI analysis revealed that the top 10 targets were CYP3A4, ABCG2, and UGT1A8. Twenty-one components interacted with these 10 targets. In one case, a target corresponds to multiple components, and a component corresponds to multiple targets. DBT acts on multiple targets of ABCG2, UGT1A8, and CYP3A4 through multiple components, affecting the biosynthesis of cofactors and bile secretion pathways to regulate hematopoiesis.
{"title":"Mechanisms of Danggui Buxue Tang on Hematopoiesis via Multiple Targets and Multiple Components: Metabonomics Combined with Database Mining Technology.","authors":"Defu Tie, Zhaohui Fan, Dan Chen, Xiao Chen, Qizhu Chen, Jun Chen, Huaben Bo","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X22500471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X22500471","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) with its multiple components and targets in the synergistic regulation of hematopoiesis. Mouse models of hematopoiesis were established using antibiotics. Metabolomics was used to detect body metabolites and enriched pathways. The active ingredients, targets, and pathways of DBT were analyzed using system pharmacology. The results of metabolomics and system pharmacology were integrated to identify the key pathways and targets. A total of 515 metabolites were identified using metabolomics. After the action of antibiotics, 49 metabolites were markedly changed: 23 were increased, 26 were decreased, and 11 were significantly reversed after DBT administration. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that these 11 metabolites were related to bile secretion, cofactor biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. The results of the pharmacological analysis showed that 616 targets were related to DBT-induced anemia, which were mainly enriched in biological processes, such as bile secretion, biosynthesis of cofactors, and cholesterol metabolism. Combined with the results of metabolomics and system pharmacology, we found that bile acid metabolism and biotin synthesis were the key pathways for DBT. Forty-two targets of DBT were related to these two metabolic pathways. PPI analysis revealed that the top 10 targets were CYP3A4, ABCG2, and UGT1A8. Twenty-one components interacted with these 10 targets. In one case, a target corresponds to multiple components, and a component corresponds to multiple targets. DBT acts on multiple targets of ABCG2, UGT1A8, and CYP3A4 through multiple components, affecting the biosynthesis of cofactors and bile secretion pathways to regulate hematopoiesis.","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41926140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The endothelium covers the internal lumen of the entire circulatory system and plays an important modulatory role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelium dysfunction, characterized by a vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory, and pro-coagulant state, usually manifests as a significant pathological process of vascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis (AS), stroke, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to seek promising therapeutic drugs or remedies to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction-induced vascular ailments and complications. Recently, much attention has been attached to ginsenosides, the most significant active components of ginseng, which have always been referred to as "all-healing" and widely used for its extensively medicinal value. Surprisingly, ginsenosides have diverse biological activity which might be related to inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. In this review, a brief introduction about endothelial dysfunction and ginsenosides was demonstrated, and the emphasis was put on summarizing multi-faceted pharmacological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides on the endothelium, including vasorelaxation, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and angio-modulation. Beyond that, nanotechnology to improve efficacy and the existing clinical trials of ginsenosides were concluded. Hopefully, our work will give suggestions for promoting clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine, e.g., hypertension, AS, diabetes, ischemic stroke, and cancer. This review provides a comprehensive base of knowledge for ginsenosides to prevention and treatment of vascular injury- related diseases with clinical significance.
{"title":"Protective Effects and Therapeutics of Ginsenosides for Improving Endothelial Dysfunction: From Therapeutic Potentials, Pharmaceutical Developments to Clinical Trials.","authors":"Fang Yang, Mingyue Yang, Jingqing Le, Bangyue Luo, Mengdie Yin, Chao-Li, Jiali Jiang, Yifan Fang, Jing-Wei Shao","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X22500318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X22500318","url":null,"abstract":"The endothelium covers the internal lumen of the entire circulatory system and plays an important modulatory role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelium dysfunction, characterized by a vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory, and pro-coagulant state, usually manifests as a significant pathological process of vascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis (AS), stroke, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to seek promising therapeutic drugs or remedies to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction-induced vascular ailments and complications. Recently, much attention has been attached to ginsenosides, the most significant active components of ginseng, which have always been referred to as \"all-healing\" and widely used for its extensively medicinal value. Surprisingly, ginsenosides have diverse biological activity which might be related to inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. In this review, a brief introduction about endothelial dysfunction and ginsenosides was demonstrated, and the emphasis was put on summarizing multi-faceted pharmacological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides on the endothelium, including vasorelaxation, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and angio-modulation. Beyond that, nanotechnology to improve efficacy and the existing clinical trials of ginsenosides were concluded. Hopefully, our work will give suggestions for promoting clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine, e.g., hypertension, AS, diabetes, ischemic stroke, and cancer. This review provides a comprehensive base of knowledge for ginsenosides to prevention and treatment of vascular injury- related diseases with clinical significance.","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41268658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X2250032X
Seo-Hyun Park, N. Shin, Mengxin Yang, S. Bose, O. Kwon, D. Nam, Jun-Hwan Lee, Eun-Ji Song, Y. Nam, H. Kim
Currently, there is a lack of adequate methods to assess insomnia objectively. This study addresses the usefulness of tongue features and oral microbial profile as a potential diagnostic biomarker of insomnia. One hundred insomniac patients and 20 healthy control subjects were selected. Their demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the tongue diagnostic indices and oral microbial profile, were examined. Compared to the control group, insomniac patients showed a higher abnormal low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio. In tongue diagnosis, the indices related to lightness of tongue body and tongue coating were higher in the insomniac group vs. the control group. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of oral microbial population revealed that the relative abundances of Clostridia, Veillonella, Bacillus and Lachnospiraceae were significantly higher in the insomniac patients than the control group. Additionally, the tongue features of the insomniac group exhibited that the non-coating group had a poor sleep condition compared to the thick- coating group, although the difference was insignificant. On the other hand, the oral microbial communities of the insomniac patients revealed greater alpha and beta diversities in the non-coating group vs. the thick-coating group. The alpha and beta diversities were higher in orotype1 than orotype2. Collectively, this study highlighted that the lightness of tongue body and tongue coating as well as oral microbial profiles of SR1, Actinobacteria, Clostridia and Lachnospiraceae_unclassified could be considered potential biomarkers of insomnia.
{"title":"A Clinical Study on the Relationship Among Insomnia, Tongue Diagnosis, and Oral Microbiome.","authors":"Seo-Hyun Park, N. Shin, Mengxin Yang, S. Bose, O. Kwon, D. Nam, Jun-Hwan Lee, Eun-Ji Song, Y. Nam, H. Kim","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2250032X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X2250032X","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is a lack of adequate methods to assess insomnia objectively. This study addresses the usefulness of tongue features and oral microbial profile as a potential diagnostic biomarker of insomnia. One hundred insomniac patients and 20 healthy control subjects were selected. Their demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the tongue diagnostic indices and oral microbial profile, were examined. Compared to the control group, insomniac patients showed a higher abnormal low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio. In tongue diagnosis, the indices related to lightness of tongue body and tongue coating were higher in the insomniac group vs. the control group. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of oral microbial population revealed that the relative abundances of Clostridia, Veillonella, Bacillus and Lachnospiraceae were significantly higher in the insomniac patients than the control group. Additionally, the tongue features of the insomniac group exhibited that the non-coating group had a poor sleep condition compared to the thick- coating group, although the difference was insignificant. On the other hand, the oral microbial communities of the insomniac patients revealed greater alpha and beta diversities in the non-coating group vs. the thick-coating group. The alpha and beta diversities were higher in orotype1 than orotype2. Collectively, this study highlighted that the lightness of tongue body and tongue coating as well as oral microbial profiles of SR1, Actinobacteria, Clostridia and Lachnospiraceae_unclassified could be considered potential biomarkers of insomnia.","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48136395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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