Objectives: To assess the precision and accuracy of single-camera photogrammetry (SCP) and multicamera photogrammetry (MCP) compared with direct anthropometry (DA).
Materials and methods: A total of 30 participants were recruited, and 17 soft tissue landmarks were identified and used to complete a total of 16 measurements. Using SCP and MCP, two three-dimensional (3D) images were acquired from each participant. All 3D measurements and direct measurements were measured twice by the same operator to assess intraexaminer repeatability. Intraclass coefficients (ICCs) were used to evaluate intraexaminer repeatability and interexaminer agreement of the methods. Nonparametric bootstrap analyses were used to compare the means of the measurements among the three methods.
Results: All three methods showed excellent intraexaminer repeatability (ICCs > 0.90), except interpupillary distance (ICC = 0.86) measured by SCP. Both SCP and MCP showed excellent interexaminer agreement (ICCs > 0.90), except interpupillary distance (ICC = 0.79), left gonion-pogonion (ICC = 0.74), and columella-subnasale-labrale superior angle (ICC = 0.86) measured by SCP. Overall, there was good agreement between methods, except for columella-subnasale-labrale superior angle (ICC = 0.40) between SCP and MCP.
Conclusions: Both SCP and MCP techniques were found to be reliable and valid options for 3D facial imaging. SCP produced slightly larger mean values for several measurements, but the differences were within a clinically acceptable range. Because of the larger margin of errors, measurements including the gonial area and subnasale should be assessed with caution.
{"title":"Precision and accuracy assessment of single and multicamera three-dimensional photogrammetry compared with direct anthropometry.","authors":"Sable Staller, Justina Anigbo, Kelton Stewart, Vinicius Dutra, Hakan Turkkahraman","doi":"10.2319/101321-770.1","DOIUrl":"10.2319/101321-770.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the precision and accuracy of single-camera photogrammetry (SCP) and multicamera photogrammetry (MCP) compared with direct anthropometry (DA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 30 participants were recruited, and 17 soft tissue landmarks were identified and used to complete a total of 16 measurements. Using SCP and MCP, two three-dimensional (3D) images were acquired from each participant. All 3D measurements and direct measurements were measured twice by the same operator to assess intraexaminer repeatability. Intraclass coefficients (ICCs) were used to evaluate intraexaminer repeatability and interexaminer agreement of the methods. Nonparametric bootstrap analyses were used to compare the means of the measurements among the three methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three methods showed excellent intraexaminer repeatability (ICCs > 0.90), except interpupillary distance (ICC = 0.86) measured by SCP. Both SCP and MCP showed excellent interexaminer agreement (ICCs > 0.90), except interpupillary distance (ICC = 0.79), left gonion-pogonion (ICC = 0.74), and columella-subnasale-labrale superior angle (ICC = 0.86) measured by SCP. Overall, there was good agreement between methods, except for columella-subnasale-labrale superior angle (ICC = 0.40) between SCP and MCP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both SCP and MCP techniques were found to be reliable and valid options for 3D facial imaging. SCP produced slightly larger mean values for several measurements, but the differences were within a clinically acceptable range. Because of the larger margin of errors, measurements including the gonial area and subnasale should be assessed with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":94224,"journal":{"name":"The Angle orthodontist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86442114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah E Hansen, Joseph F A Petrone, John M Burnheimer, Alexandre R Vieira
Objectives: To determine whether there is an association between skeletal jaw position and perioral musculature, and if genotypes can predict skeletal growth.
Materials and methods: A prospective study on 42 patients over 1 year was performed. The study included 22 females and 20 males with and average age of 28.5 years. Lip strength was compared to radiographic cephalometric measurements. Allelic and genotypic frequencies from polymorphisms rs678397 and rs1815739 in ACTN3 and rs10850110 in MYO1H were compared to each variable. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to determine if differences were statistically significant (alpha = 0.05).
Results: The data showed significant differences between rs678397 genotype and allele frequencies and SNA angle (P = .01; P = .003, respectively); between rs1815739 allele frequency and SNA angle (P = .01); between rs678397 allele frequency and ANB angle (P = .049); between rs678397 genotype and allele frequencies and lip strength in females (P = .045; P = .02); and between rs678397 allele frequency and overall lip strength (P = .049), after mean strength values used as cut off being customized by sex.
Conclusions: Polymorphisms in ACTN3 are associated with weak lips and larger SNA and ANB angles.
{"title":"Influence of genotype and perioral musculature on maxillary and mandibular development.","authors":"Sarah E Hansen, Joseph F A Petrone, John M Burnheimer, Alexandre R Vieira","doi":"10.2319/112821-868.1","DOIUrl":"10.2319/112821-868.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine whether there is an association between skeletal jaw position and perioral musculature, and if genotypes can predict skeletal growth.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective study on 42 patients over 1 year was performed. The study included 22 females and 20 males with and average age of 28.5 years. Lip strength was compared to radiographic cephalometric measurements. Allelic and genotypic frequencies from polymorphisms rs678397 and rs1815739 in ACTN3 and rs10850110 in MYO1H were compared to each variable. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to determine if differences were statistically significant (alpha = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data showed significant differences between rs678397 genotype and allele frequencies and SNA angle (P = .01; P = .003, respectively); between rs1815739 allele frequency and SNA angle (P = .01); between rs678397 allele frequency and ANB angle (P = .049); between rs678397 genotype and allele frequencies and lip strength in females (P = .045; P = .02); and between rs678397 allele frequency and overall lip strength (P = .049), after mean strength values used as cut off being customized by sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Polymorphisms in ACTN3 are associated with weak lips and larger SNA and ANB angles.</p>","PeriodicalId":94224,"journal":{"name":"The Angle orthodontist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84957541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romy A Doomen, Ivana Nedeljkovic, Reinder B Kuitert, Cornelis J Kleverlaan, Burcu Aydin
Objectives: To determine and compare surface characteristics and presence of corrosion in new and used brackets with optical light microscopy (OLM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and with elemental chemical analysis with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
Materials and methods: OLM and SEM were used to analyze 24 new and 24 used conventional premolar brackets. EDS analysis was performed in six used brackets and four new brackets with corrosion-suspected spots.
Results: OLM and SEM images showed wear/abfraction signs, striations, pits/crevices, and adherent material. Used brackets showed more deterioration than new brackets. SEM images disclosed more morphological features than OLM images. EDS analysis revealed a significantly higher phosphorus (P = .001) and sodium (P < .005) weight fraction and significantly lower amounts of chromium (P < .001) in used brackets. The iron, chromium, and nickel weight fractions did not differ significantly between the clean and corrosion-suspected spots. Of the corrosion-suspected spots analyzed by combined SEM and EDS, 44.14% and 6.90% remained corrosion-suspected on used and new brackets, respectively.
Conclusions: Used brackets showed more signs of corrosion than new ones. Combined assessment of SEM and EDS indicates that the bracket surface is affected during orthodontic treatment as a result of corrosion.
{"title":"Corrosion of orthodontic brackets: qualitative and quantitative surface analysis.","authors":"Romy A Doomen, Ivana Nedeljkovic, Reinder B Kuitert, Cornelis J Kleverlaan, Burcu Aydin","doi":"10.2319/072321-584.1","DOIUrl":"10.2319/072321-584.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine and compare surface characteristics and presence of corrosion in new and used brackets with optical light microscopy (OLM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and with elemental chemical analysis with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>OLM and SEM were used to analyze 24 new and 24 used conventional premolar brackets. EDS analysis was performed in six used brackets and four new brackets with corrosion-suspected spots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OLM and SEM images showed wear/abfraction signs, striations, pits/crevices, and adherent material. Used brackets showed more deterioration than new brackets. SEM images disclosed more morphological features than OLM images. EDS analysis revealed a significantly higher phosphorus (P = .001) and sodium (P < .005) weight fraction and significantly lower amounts of chromium (P < .001) in used brackets. The iron, chromium, and nickel weight fractions did not differ significantly between the clean and corrosion-suspected spots. Of the corrosion-suspected spots analyzed by combined SEM and EDS, 44.14% and 6.90% remained corrosion-suspected on used and new brackets, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Used brackets showed more signs of corrosion than new ones. Combined assessment of SEM and EDS indicates that the bracket surface is affected during orthodontic treatment as a result of corrosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":94224,"journal":{"name":"The Angle orthodontist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89499889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Lee Zhi Hui, Yaxin Xie, Kaiwen Zhang, Haoran Chen, Wenze Han, Ye Tian, Yijia Yin, Xianglong Han
Objectives: To analyze the anatomical limitations and characteristics of maxillary and mandibular retromolar regions affecting molar distalization using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and methods: A total of 120 qualifying patients were classified into equal groups of skeletal Class II and Class III and stratified by vertical growth pattern, age, sex, and third molar presence. The available distance along the axis of distalization and cortical bone thickness (CBT) were measured in the maxillary and mandibular retromolar regions of Class II and Class III patients, respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of the factors on the measured data.
Results: The minimum available distance of the Class II maxilla was observed at a level 3 mm from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), while that of the Class III mandible was at a level 9 mm from the CEJ. The average available distance at the limit level was 4.06 ± 1.93 mm in the Class II maxilla, and the average corresponding CBT was 1.00 mm. The average available distance at the limit level in the Class III mandible was 2.80 ± 1.96 mm, and the corresponding CBT was 2.24 mm. In both skeletal Class II and Class III patients, hyperdivergent groups had the least available distance for molar distalization.
Conclusions: The limit for available distance in the Class II maxilla is closer to the coronal level, while that of the Class III mandible is closer to the apical level. A hyperdivergent growth pattern in a patient is indicative of less potential for molar distalization. Axial slices of CBCT images provide valuable evaluation for molar distalization regarding limit levels.
{"title":"Anatomical limitations and factors influencing molar distalization.","authors":"Victoria Lee Zhi Hui, Yaxin Xie, Kaiwen Zhang, Haoran Chen, Wenze Han, Ye Tian, Yijia Yin, Xianglong Han","doi":"10.2319/092921-731.1","DOIUrl":"10.2319/092921-731.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze the anatomical limitations and characteristics of maxillary and mandibular retromolar regions affecting molar distalization using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 120 qualifying patients were classified into equal groups of skeletal Class II and Class III and stratified by vertical growth pattern, age, sex, and third molar presence. The available distance along the axis of distalization and cortical bone thickness (CBT) were measured in the maxillary and mandibular retromolar regions of Class II and Class III patients, respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of the factors on the measured data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The minimum available distance of the Class II maxilla was observed at a level 3 mm from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), while that of the Class III mandible was at a level 9 mm from the CEJ. The average available distance at the limit level was 4.06 ± 1.93 mm in the Class II maxilla, and the average corresponding CBT was 1.00 mm. The average available distance at the limit level in the Class III mandible was 2.80 ± 1.96 mm, and the corresponding CBT was 2.24 mm. In both skeletal Class II and Class III patients, hyperdivergent groups had the least available distance for molar distalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The limit for available distance in the Class II maxilla is closer to the coronal level, while that of the Class III mandible is closer to the apical level. A hyperdivergent growth pattern in a patient is indicative of less potential for molar distalization. Axial slices of CBCT images provide valuable evaluation for molar distalization regarding limit levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":94224,"journal":{"name":"The Angle orthodontist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84741681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hong, I. Yang, Jin-Young Choi, Jong-Ho Lee, J. Chung, Sukwha Kim, S. Baek
To investigate whether absence of maxillary lateral incisor (MXLI) would affect the status of maxillary canine (MXC) before and after secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). 47 male patients with UCLA and UCLP, whose Bergland indices were type I or II after SABG, were divided into the MXLI-absence (n = 26) and MXLI-presence groups (n = 21). Using panoramic radiographs, the position, angulation, and development status of MXC on the cleft side, and the cleft width before SABG (T1) were evaluated. After full eruption of the permanent dentition (T2), the root length, root shape, and frequency of forced eruption of MXC on the cleft side were investigated. Then, statistical analysis was performed. Compared to the MXLI-presence group, the MXLI-absence group showed higher frequencies of mesial angulation of MXC at T1 (criteria: >25°; 46.2% vs 14.3%, P < .05) and dilaceration of MXC at T2 (26.9% vs 4.8%, P < .001). MXC on the cleft side showed positive correlations between horizontal position at T1 and forced eruption at T2, and between vertical position and mesial angulation at T1 and dilaceration at T2 (all P < .01). In patients with UCLA and UCLP whose SABG outcome was successful, absence of MXLI on the cleft side increased only the frequencies of mesial angulation of MXC at T1 and dilaceration of MXC at T2, not frequency of forced eruption at T2.
探讨上颌侧切牙(MXLI)缺失对单侧唇腭裂(UCLP)患者继发性牙槽骨移植(SABG)前后上颌尖牙(MXC)状态的影响。47例SABG术后Bergland指数为I型或II型的男性UCLA和UCLP患者分为mxli缺失组(n = 26)和mxli存在组(n = 21)。利用全景x线片评估裂侧MXC的位置、成角、发育状况及SABG (T1)术前裂宽。在恒牙列(T2)完全萌出后,观察裂侧MXC的根长、根形和强制萌出频率。然后进行统计分析。与mxli -存在组相比,mxli -缺失组在T1时MXC中位成角的频率更高(标准:>25°;46.2% vs 14.3%, P < 0.05), T2时MXC扩张(26.9% vs 4.8%, P < 0.001)。裂隙侧MXC与T1水平位置与T2强迫喷发、T1垂直位置与中位成角与T2扩张呈正相关(均P < 0.01)。在SABG结果成功的UCLA和UCLP患者中,腭裂侧MXLI缺失只增加了T1处MXC中位成角的频率和T2处MXC扩张的频率,而不是T2处强制喷发的频率。
{"title":"Does absence of maxillary lateral incisor affect the status of maxillary canine before and after secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral alveolar cleft?","authors":"H. Hong, I. Yang, Jin-Young Choi, Jong-Ho Lee, J. Chung, Sukwha Kim, S. Baek","doi":"10.2319/102221-788.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2319/102221-788.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To investigate whether absence of maxillary lateral incisor (MXLI) would affect the status of maxillary canine (MXC) before and after secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 47 male patients with UCLA and UCLP, whose Bergland indices were type I or II after SABG, were divided into the MXLI-absence (n = 26) and MXLI-presence groups (n = 21). Using panoramic radiographs, the position, angulation, and development status of MXC on the cleft side, and the cleft width before SABG (T1) were evaluated. After full eruption of the permanent dentition (T2), the root length, root shape, and frequency of forced eruption of MXC on the cleft side were investigated. Then, statistical analysis was performed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Compared to the MXLI-presence group, the MXLI-absence group showed higher frequencies of mesial angulation of MXC at T1 (criteria: >25°; 46.2% vs 14.3%, P < .05) and dilaceration of MXC at T2 (26.9% vs 4.8%, P < .001). MXC on the cleft side showed positive correlations between horizontal position at T1 and forced eruption at T2, and between vertical position and mesial angulation at T1 and dilaceration at T2 (all P < .01).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In patients with UCLA and UCLP whose SABG outcome was successful, absence of MXLI on the cleft side increased only the frequencies of mesial angulation of MXC at T1 and dilaceration of MXC at T2, not frequency of forced eruption at T2.\u0000","PeriodicalId":94224,"journal":{"name":"The Angle orthodontist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81301156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.2319/1945-7103-92.3.426
Sekar Santhosh Kumar, Shivangi Ramteke, B. Madhan
{"title":"Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Sekar Santhosh Kumar, Shivangi Ramteke, B. Madhan","doi":"10.2319/1945-7103-92.3.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2319/1945-7103-92.3.426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94224,"journal":{"name":"The Angle orthodontist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77641611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.2319/1945-7103-92.3.427
Haya A Barsoum, H. ElSayed, Fouad A. El Sharaby, J. Palomo, Y. Mostafa
{"title":"Response to the Letter.","authors":"Haya A Barsoum, H. ElSayed, Fouad A. El Sharaby, J. Palomo, Y. Mostafa","doi":"10.2319/1945-7103-92.3.427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2319/1945-7103-92.3.427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94224,"journal":{"name":"The Angle orthodontist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74165142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Badran, Juman Al-zaben, Lina M Al-Taie, Haya Tbeishi, M. Al-Omiri
OBJECTIVES To compare patient-reported pain, discomfort, and difficulty in maintaining proper brushing between nickel-titanium closed-coil springs (CS) and elastomeric power chains (PC) when used for space closure. The secondary aims were to compare plaque control and efficiency of space closure between these two force delivery systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 patients who required extractions of upper first premolars and distal movement of upper canines had the CS randomly allocated to either the right or left side. Blinding was applied at data collection and analysis. Primary outcomes were pain intensity measured on visual analog scale, pain onset and duration, discomfort, and difficulty in maintaining proper brushing from the start of canine retraction at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks thereafter. Secondary outcomes were plaque scores and the rate of space closure. RESULTS No significant differences in mean pain scores, pain onset, and duration at different time intervals between CS and PC were observed. The CS side was significantly less comfortable than the PC (P < .0001) and more difficult to keep clean (P = .008). No significant differences in plaque scores were observed between CS and PC groups at any time interval. CS produced a faster rate of space closure than did PC (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS CS were less tolerated than PC by patients but produced an average of 0.5 mm more movement than did the PC during the 12-week study period.
{"title":"Comparing patient-centered outcomes and efficiency of space closure between nickel-titanium closed-coil springs and elastomeric power chains during orthodontic treatment.","authors":"S. Badran, Juman Al-zaben, Lina M Al-Taie, Haya Tbeishi, M. Al-Omiri","doi":"10.2319/120721-906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2319/120721-906","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000To compare patient-reported pain, discomfort, and difficulty in maintaining proper brushing between nickel-titanium closed-coil springs (CS) and elastomeric power chains (PC) when used for space closure. The secondary aims were to compare plaque control and efficiency of space closure between these two force delivery systems.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000A total of 48 patients who required extractions of upper first premolars and distal movement of upper canines had the CS randomly allocated to either the right or left side. Blinding was applied at data collection and analysis. Primary outcomes were pain intensity measured on visual analog scale, pain onset and duration, discomfort, and difficulty in maintaining proper brushing from the start of canine retraction at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks thereafter. Secondary outcomes were plaque scores and the rate of space closure.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000No significant differences in mean pain scores, pain onset, and duration at different time intervals between CS and PC were observed. The CS side was significantly less comfortable than the PC (P < .0001) and more difficult to keep clean (P = .008). No significant differences in plaque scores were observed between CS and PC groups at any time interval. CS produced a faster rate of space closure than did PC (P = .008).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000CS were less tolerated than PC by patients but produced an average of 0.5 mm more movement than did the PC during the 12-week study period.","PeriodicalId":94224,"journal":{"name":"The Angle orthodontist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87420876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. A. Abu Alhaija, Rami A. Al Shayeb, S. Al-Khateeb, Hasan O. Daher, Saba O. Daher
OBJECTIVES To investigate and compare the amount and rate of space closure and tooth tipping during orthodontic space closure toward a recent vs healed first premolar extraction site. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mandibular arches of 23 patients were included. Treatment plans included lower first premolar extractions. After reaching 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless-steel archwires (SSAW), patients were subdivided into two groups (Group 1: space closure was carried out toward a healed first premolar extraction space and Group 2: space closure was carried out immediately after first premolar extraction). Elastomeric power chain from second molar to second molar was used to close lower extraction spaces. The following time points were defined: T1: just before space closure; T2-T4: 1-3 months after initial space closure. Records consisted of dental study models. The amount and rate of extraction space closure were evaluated at each time point. RESULTS In Group 1 (healed socket), a total amount of 1.98 mm (coronally) and 1.75 mm (gingivally) of space closure was achieved. The rate of space closure was 0.66 mm/month coronally and 0.58 mm/month gingivally. In Group 2 (recent socket), the total amount of space closure was 3.02 mm coronally and 2.68 mm gingivally. The rate of space closure was 1.01 mm/month coronally and 0.89 mm/month gingivally. Differences between the two groups were significant (P < .01). Tipping of adjacent teeth during space closure was similar in both groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS In the lower arch, the amount and rate of space closure toward a recent extraction site were higher than that toward a healed extraction socket with similar tipping of teeth in both groups.
{"title":"A comparative assessment of the amount and rate of orthodontic space closure toward a healed vs recent lower premolar extraction site.","authors":"E. A. Abu Alhaija, Rami A. Al Shayeb, S. Al-Khateeb, Hasan O. Daher, Saba O. Daher","doi":"10.2319/102921-797.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2319/102921-797.1","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000To investigate and compare the amount and rate of space closure and tooth tipping during orthodontic space closure toward a recent vs healed first premolar extraction site.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000The mandibular arches of 23 patients were included. Treatment plans included lower first premolar extractions. After reaching 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless-steel archwires (SSAW), patients were subdivided into two groups (Group 1: space closure was carried out toward a healed first premolar extraction space and Group 2: space closure was carried out immediately after first premolar extraction). Elastomeric power chain from second molar to second molar was used to close lower extraction spaces. The following time points were defined: T1: just before space closure; T2-T4: 1-3 months after initial space closure. Records consisted of dental study models. The amount and rate of extraction space closure were evaluated at each time point.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In Group 1 (healed socket), a total amount of 1.98 mm (coronally) and 1.75 mm (gingivally) of space closure was achieved. The rate of space closure was 0.66 mm/month coronally and 0.58 mm/month gingivally. In Group 2 (recent socket), the total amount of space closure was 3.02 mm coronally and 2.68 mm gingivally. The rate of space closure was 1.01 mm/month coronally and 0.89 mm/month gingivally. Differences between the two groups were significant (P < .01). Tipping of adjacent teeth during space closure was similar in both groups (P > .05).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In the lower arch, the amount and rate of space closure toward a recent extraction site were higher than that toward a healed extraction socket with similar tipping of teeth in both groups.","PeriodicalId":94224,"journal":{"name":"The Angle orthodontist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87622010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasmine Khaled Abdel Ghaffar, Fouad A. El Sharaby, I. Negm
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on overall leveling and alignment time of mandibular anterior crowding and associated pain after initial archwire placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two females (18-25 years) with mandibular anterior crowding were randomly allocated into laser and control groups. Eligibility criteria included Angle Class I molar relationship and Little's irregularity index (LII) from 4 to 10 mm. Randomization was accomplished with a computer-generated random list. A 0.014-inch copper-nickel-titanium (Cu-NiTi) wire was inserted immediately after bonding of 0.022-inch Roth brackets followed by 0.016-inch Cu-NiTi, 0.016 × 0.022-inch NiTi then 0.017 × 0.025-inch stainless steel wire after completion of alignment. In-Ga-As laser was applied to the mandibular anterior segment in the laser group on days 3, 7, and 14, then at 1 month followed by every 2 weeks until completion of leveling and alignment. Visual analogue scale questionnaires were completed by each patient over 7 days from initial archwire placement. Digital models were used to monitor changes in the irregularity index. Blinding was applicable for outcome assessors only. RESULTS The mean time for leveling and alignment was significantly lower in the laser compared to the control group (68.2 ± 28.7 and 109.5 ± 34.7 days, respectively). The laser group displayed a significantly higher mean alignment improvement percentage as well as lower pain scores compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Within the constraints of the current study, LLLT has a potential for acceleration of anterior segment alignment as well as reduction of the pain associated with placement of initial archwires.
{"title":"Effect of low-level laser therapy on the time needed for leveling and alignment of mandibular anterior crowding.","authors":"Yasmine Khaled Abdel Ghaffar, Fouad A. El Sharaby, I. Negm","doi":"10.2319/102721-795.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2319/102721-795.1","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000To assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on overall leveling and alignment time of mandibular anterior crowding and associated pain after initial archwire placement.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000Thirty-two females (18-25 years) with mandibular anterior crowding were randomly allocated into laser and control groups. Eligibility criteria included Angle Class I molar relationship and Little's irregularity index (LII) from 4 to 10 mm. Randomization was accomplished with a computer-generated random list. A 0.014-inch copper-nickel-titanium (Cu-NiTi) wire was inserted immediately after bonding of 0.022-inch Roth brackets followed by 0.016-inch Cu-NiTi, 0.016 × 0.022-inch NiTi then 0.017 × 0.025-inch stainless steel wire after completion of alignment. In-Ga-As laser was applied to the mandibular anterior segment in the laser group on days 3, 7, and 14, then at 1 month followed by every 2 weeks until completion of leveling and alignment. Visual analogue scale questionnaires were completed by each patient over 7 days from initial archwire placement. Digital models were used to monitor changes in the irregularity index. Blinding was applicable for outcome assessors only.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The mean time for leveling and alignment was significantly lower in the laser compared to the control group (68.2 ± 28.7 and 109.5 ± 34.7 days, respectively). The laser group displayed a significantly higher mean alignment improvement percentage as well as lower pain scores compared to the control group.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Within the constraints of the current study, LLLT has a potential for acceleration of anterior segment alignment as well as reduction of the pain associated with placement of initial archwires.","PeriodicalId":94224,"journal":{"name":"The Angle orthodontist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86461114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}