Brain-X最新文献

{"title":"Brain-X: A new interdisciplinary journal for advancing neuroscience research","authors":"Kunlin Jin","doi":"10.1002/brx2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite significant advancements in brain research, the intricacies of the brain remain a mystery. The Human Brain Project (HBP) is an international research initiative modeled<span>^1-3</span> after the Human Genome Project (HGP), launched in both the United States and Europe,<span>^{4, 5}</span> that aims to unravel the complex structure and function of the human brain. HBP takes an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating fields such as biology, medicine, informatics, chemistry, materials, and physics. Such an approach is necessary for furthering our understanding of the brain and advancing neuroscience as a field.</p><p>However, there is currently no professional journal that focuses specifically on interdisciplinary approaches to brain and neuroscience research. To fill this gap, we are proud to announce the launch of <i>Brain-X</i>. The “X” in the name represents the intersection of brain and neuroscience with a strong emphasis on interdisciplinary research. This international publication will showcase the latest discoveries and technological breakthroughs, providing novel insights into all aspects of brain, neuroscience, and neurology.</p><p>\u0000 <i>Brain-X</i> is dedicated to promoting interdisciplinarity and welcomes contributions from diverse fields. In particular, the journal strongly encourages studies that utilize mathematics, physics, chemistry, engineering, materials science, or information science to tackle issues in brain and neuroscience research across various disciplines. As a peer-reviewed and open-access journal, Brain-X partners with Wiley to enhance the visibility of interdisciplinary research in this field. The journal publishes a range of article types, including original research articles, data articles, methods articles, reviews, perspectives, research letters, commentaries, and correspondences.</p><p>\u0000 <i>Brain-X</i> will comprehensively cover a broad range of topics, including but not limited to aging and brain, brain-computer interface, brain injury and rehabilitation, brain-inspired computing and artificial intelligence (AI), brain-inspired 3D printing, brain rhythm and disease, brain-gut axis, cellular and molecular neuroscience, cerebral organoids, chemical neuroscience, clinical neurology, computational neuroscience, crosstalk between brain and other organs, nanoparticles for brain drug delivery, and nerve regeneration materials.</p><p>The editorial board of <i>Brain-X</i> comprises influential scientists from around the world who enthusiastically encourage contributions from researchers. The journal guarantees a rapid review process with fair and prompt decisions. Upon acceptance, high-quality support from the editorial team ensures that the manuscript reaches its full potential in brain and neuroscience research. <i>Brain-X</i> aims to serve as a platform for students, scientists, and clinicians to share their discoveries and perspectives on brain, neuroscience, and neu","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La fortaleza medieval de Isso (Albacete) y su territorio","authors":"Julio Navarro Palazón","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11761","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some of the information obtained during the archaeological surveys carried out in 2019 in the stately fortress known as Torre de Isso, located in the municipality of Hellín (Albacete). These fieldworks have attempted to answer some questions related to the historical interpretation of the preserved monumental remains, specifically two large towers and some walls from the second half of the thirteenth or fourteenth century. The initial study and graphical documentation were carried out to obtain the data needed to draft a conservation project in line with current scientific criteria.Extending the investigation to the whole neighborhood of houses that surrounds the towers resulted in the discovery of a quadrangular fortress of 44 x 42 m, which incorporates the towers and in which different construction phases have been identified, certainly prior to and subsequent to the Christian conquest. The remains found were reused in the load-bearing walls of some of the houses. Beside the fortress, we extended the study to the entire village of Isso, in order to find out if the medieval castle had an annexed relevant village. Finally, the surveys expanded throughout the entire territory of Isso, with the desire to know if its characteristic dispersed settlement, made up of small farmhouses, and its traditional irrigation system, have a medieval origin.This multidisciplinary research project has allowed us to obtain extensive data and produce significant information, although it should be noted that many issues and some of the interpretations offered in this article are still hypothetical. Therefore, only future development of additional archeological and historical works will make it possible to tackle those questions that remain to be answered.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80110082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les abords de la citadelle d’Alger au XIXème siècle","authors":"S. Chergui, D. Haddad","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11370","url":null,"abstract":"The surroundings of the Algiers’s citadel in the nineteenth centuryThe major works undertaken between 1817 and 1830 transformed the citadel of Algiers into a most important place of sovereignty and power, boasting different administrative, economic and religious centres. However, today, the physiognomy of the surroundings of this palace-fortress is marked by the upheaval of the French colonial period between 1830 and 1870. The creation of the Boulevard de la Victoire and the demolition, for security reasons, of the surrounding buildings, definitively altered the landscape and urban typology of the Ottoman period. This article examines the urban fabric of the ancient surroundings of the Citadel and their transformation during the nineteenth century. It traces back the development of the surroundings, and explains the reasons behind their demolition. The study tries also to give an assessment of the principle characteristics of the architectural components within their urban fabric.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74487261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architecture militaire et typologies défensives d’Alger entre le XVIème et le XIXème siècle","authors":"Safia Benselama-Messikh","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11467","url":null,"abstract":"Military architecture and defensive typologies of Algiers between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuriesIn the Ottoman regency, the fortifications of Algiers evolve according to the politico-economic growth experienced by the city partly thanks to the development of the maritime piracy and the lusts it entails. Its stranglehold on the sea, arouses many projects of punitive expeditions. The construction of fortifications is then the major concern of its new leaders who between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, fortify the city, its bay and the hinterland. These efforts develop over the three centuries of the Ottoman regency, a singular military architecture for the city of Algiers. The sixteenth century sees, a medieval reminiscence with the first fortifications, then, with the presence of Christians, a western influence the seventeenth century and the arrival of the Moriscos, brings a second breath to this defensive typology which is defined as a local style between domestic and military architecture. The question is: why Algiers has developed a particular defensive typology while the modernization of the artillery had led to an internationalization of the defensive system.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87556825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La influencia de Pedro Luis Escrivá en el sistema defensivo colonial de América","authors":"Francisco Pérez Gallego, Rosa María Giusto","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11340","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of Pedro Luis Escrivá in the American colonial defense systemThe architect and military engineer Pedro Luis Escrivá (1490 ca. - sixteenth century), at the service of Charles V of Habsburg and the Viceroyal Court of Naples, built two bastioned fortifications designed to considerably influence the subject of territorial defense structures: The quadrangular Spanish Fort of L'Aquila (1534-1567) and the reconstruction of the Sant’Elmo Castle in Naples (1537), with an elongated six-pointed stellar plan, served as a reference point for the European and American fortifications of the period. Due to its size and versatility, the model adopted in L’Aquila was widely used in the Latin American context between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. It is found in countries that were Hispanic colonies such as Cuba, Mexico, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay; as well as in the Hispanic domains of the United States and in some of the dependent territories of the Portuguese crown, in Brazil. Based on a historical-architectural and contextual analysis of these structures, the effects of the “cultural transfer” between Europe and America will be investigated with respect to the model devised by Escrivá to promote its cultural valorization.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73903603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levantamiento y modelización tridimensional de la Torre del Negro o de Arráez, torre post-litoral del siglo XVI en El Algar (Región de Murcia, España)","authors":"J. García-León, P. E. Collado-Espejo, Filippo Fantini, F. J. Jiménez-González","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11377","url":null,"abstract":"Graphic survey and three-dimensional modelling of the Negro Tower or Arráez, post-coastal tower of the sixteenth century in El Algar (Region of Murcia, Spain)Post-coastal towers or rural fortress towers, built in the sixteenth century on the Mediterranean coast, had the mission of protecting the population and enhancing the repopulation of these areas, heavily punished by incursions by berber pirates. The Negro Tower or Arráez Tower, in El Algar-Cartagena (Region of Murcia, Spain), is one of those post-coastal lookout towers and was built in 1585. It is shaped like a truncated pyramid, square plan and a height of about 14,00 m. Originally, it had three floors and a terrace. Despite its degree of protection (it is a monument), its current state of conservation is semi-ruined. It has no cover, the vault of the first floor has collapsed and presents cracks that threaten its stability. Therefore, a research project has been developed that has included, among other aspects, the graphic survey with two complementary techniques: digital photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning. The result is an exhaustive graphic documentation that allows understanding the construction and allows the consolidation and volumetric recomposition of the tower. With this work, it is intended to contribute to the conservation and recovery of the heritage value of the Tower, as well as the integration of the historical monument in its natural and landscape environment.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91263176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Locking up the Strait in the fifteenth century’s Ottoman Mediterranean”: The Bosporus’ sea forts of Mehmet II (1452)","authors":"Vincent Ory","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11333","url":null,"abstract":"In the fifteenth century, the Mediterranean world was in turmoil. A new sultan, Mehmet II, had just inherited a vast empire stretching over two continents in the centre of which the ruins of the Byzantine Empire survived through the city of Constantinople. In order to seal his accession, he therefore undertook important preparations to conquer the “City guarded by God”. Mehmet then ordered the construction, within 4 months, of an imposing fortress nicknamed Boǧazkesen (the throat cutter). This coup de force is a testimony to the incredible military and economic power of this growing empire that masters a new war technology: artillery. The Ottomans, who were still novices in this field, had therefore had to adapt their fortifications to the use of firearms. Using local and foreign architects and engineers, the Ottoman fortifications built in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries bear witness to an architectural experimentation that seems to testify, like the work carried out in Rhodes by Pierre d’Aubusson or in Methoni by the Venetians, to a real research in terms of offensive and defensive effectiveness. In this context, the fortifications of Rumeli Hisarı and Anadolu Hisarı, built on either side of the narrowest point of the Bosporus in 1451-1452, are characterized by the presence of large coastal batteries that operate together. They were to block access to Constantinople by the Black Sea, combining sinking and dismasting fire.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86509617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The so-called “beach-tower” of Kyrenia city walls, Cyprus","authors":"Alessandro Camiz, M. Griffo, E. Valletta, Almira Khafizou","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11425","url":null,"abstract":"The so-called “beach-tower” is the smallest of the three remaining towers belonging to the Kyrenia’s medieval enceinte. Semi-circular in plan, with circa 6 m of diameter, the tower is today partially obliterated by the medieval urban tissue and is visible only from one side. Built during the twelfth-thirteenth centuries, this harbour overlooking tower is raised on a pedestal in the north-west inner corner of the city walled enclosure. The tower shows on the outside two windows that might belong to a later phase, being too wide as defensive openings, and includes fragments of the adjoining city walls that ran to the east, towards the castle and to the west towards the beach city gate. Kyrenia city’s walled defensive system was dismantled by the Venetians when the use of gunpowder cannon became prevalent, however, traces and records still remain enshrined in the medieval constructions. The paper, following the historical research, attempts to date the construction of this tower, and by examining the fortification remains with a digital survey, applies the comparison with other coeval examples together with the comparative analysis of the different masonry types.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82462290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studi sul recupero delle superfici decorate dell’architettura delle facciate della Cavallerizza e del Castello di San Giorgio in Palazzo Ducale di Mantova","authors":"L. Appolonia, M. C. Ceriotti, Daniela Lattanzi, Antonio Giovanni Mazzeri, B. Scala","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11496","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the recovery of the decorated surfaces of the architecture of the facades of the Cavallerizza and the Castle of San Giorgio in the Ducal Palace of MantuaThe contribution aims to present the path of knowledge on the external surfaces of the Courtyard of the Cavallerizza and the Castle of San Giorgio in Palazzo Ducale in Mantua, the subject of an upcoming conservation project. In particular, the results emerged through the autopsy and stratigraphic survey of areas selected by sample, relating to the technique of execution and the constituent materials of the fin­ishes. From this survey, the characteristics of the original structure have been defined so as to have a clear relationship with respect to integration or degradation. At the same time, following specific evi­dence and to support the cognitive operations carried out in situ, in-depth diagnostic investigations were carried out in order to support and clarify the contents detected previously by interpreting the scientific data on the nature of the materials and the degradation present. The re-elaboration and critical analysis of the data acquired through various in-depth techniques, as well as providing indications for interven­ing on the causes of degradation, has supported the designers in the development of intervention meth­ods and in the choice of the most suitable materials for conservation, based on the state of conservation of the nearby areas and the interfaces with the substrate. The scientific data have been compared with the historiographic information in order to have an objective comparison.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89463918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chain tower in Kyrenia’s harbour, Cyprus","authors":"Alessandro Camiz, M. Griffo, Seda Baydur, E. Valletta","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11459","url":null,"abstract":"In the Middle Ages a chain suspended between two towers defended the entrance of Kyrenia’s little harbour, like the chain across the Golden Horn in Constantinople. William de Oldenburg, who visited Cyprus in 1211 during the reign of King Hugh I, referred to Kyrenia as “a small town well-fortified, which has a castle with walls and towers”. He perceived the chain tower as part of Kyrenia’s fortification system in that time. The Byzantines had already fortified the city, but in the thirteenth century, during the Longobard war, before the siege of the city, Frederick II’s party, under the direction of Captain Philippo Genardo, improved the defences of the city. The chain tower is still visible today in the north side of the old Kyrenia harbour. It consists of an 8,15 m diameter cylindrical tower and a 1,5 m diameter pillar on top of it. The tower was supporting a chain attached on the other side to another structure. The fortifications on the north side terminated against the harbour in a square tower or bastion holding the chain to be raised and lowered by means of a windlass. The paper includes the digital photogrammetric survey of the chain tower using a structure from motion software, the historical research and the comparison with other coeval harbour defence constructions of the eastern Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83388545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}