M. Nelder, S. Wijayasri, C. Russell, Ko Johnson, A. Marchand-Austin, K. Cronin, S. Johnson, T. Badiani, Samir N. Patel, D. Sider
Background Lyme disease is an infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and, in most of North America, is transmitted by the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis. Climate change has contributed to the expansion of the geographic range of blacklegged ticks in Ontario, increasing the risk of Lyme disease for Ontarians. Objective To identify the number of cases and incidence rates, as well as the geographic, seasonal and demographic distribution of Lyme disease cases reported in Ontario in 2017, with comparisons to historical trends. Methods Data for confirmed and probable Lyme disease cases with episode dates from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2017, were extracted from the integrated Public Health Information System (iPHIS). Data included public health unit (PHU) of residence, episode date, age and sex. Population data from Statistics Canada were used to calculate provincial and PHU-specific incidence rates per 100,000 population. The number of cases reported in 2017 by PHU of residence, month of occurrence, age and sex was compared to the 5-year averages for the period 2012-2016. Results There were 959 probable and confirmed cases of Lyme disease reported in Ontario in 2017. This was three times higher than the 5-year (2012-2016) average of 313. The provincial incidence rate for 2017 was 6.7 cases per 100,000 population, although this varied markedly by PHU. The highest incidence rates were found in Leeds-Grenville and Lanark District (128.8 cases per 100,000), Kingston-Frontenac, Lennox and Addington (87.2 cases per 100,000), Hastings and Prince Edward Counties (28.6 cases per 100,000), Ottawa (18.1 cases per 100,000) and Eastern Ontario (13.5 cases per 100,000). Cases occurred mostly from June through September, were most common among males, and those aged 5-14 and 50-69 years. Conclusion In 2017, Lyme disease incidence showed a marked increase in Ontario, especially in the eastern part of the province. If current weather and climate trends continue, blacklegged ticks carrying tick-borne pathogens, such as those causing Lyme disease, will continue to spread into suitable habitat. Monitoring the extent of this geographic spread will inform future clinical and public health actions to detect and mitigate the impact of Lyme disease in Ontario.
{"title":"The continued rise of Lyme disease in Ontario, Canada: 2017.","authors":"M. Nelder, S. Wijayasri, C. Russell, Ko Johnson, A. Marchand-Austin, K. Cronin, S. Johnson, T. Badiani, Samir N. Patel, D. Sider","doi":"10.14745/CCDR.V44I10A01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/CCDR.V44I10A01","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Lyme disease is an infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and, in most of North America, is transmitted by the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis. Climate change has contributed to the expansion of the geographic range of blacklegged ticks in Ontario, increasing the risk of Lyme disease for Ontarians.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objective\u0000To identify the number of cases and incidence rates, as well as the geographic, seasonal and demographic distribution of Lyme disease cases reported in Ontario in 2017, with comparisons to historical trends.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Data for confirmed and probable Lyme disease cases with episode dates from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2017, were extracted from the integrated Public Health Information System (iPHIS). Data included public health unit (PHU) of residence, episode date, age and sex. Population data from Statistics Canada were used to calculate provincial and PHU-specific incidence rates per 100,000 population. The number of cases reported in 2017 by PHU of residence, month of occurrence, age and sex was compared to the 5-year averages for the period 2012-2016.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000There were 959 probable and confirmed cases of Lyme disease reported in Ontario in 2017. This was three times higher than the 5-year (2012-2016) average of 313. The provincial incidence rate for 2017 was 6.7 cases per 100,000 population, although this varied markedly by PHU. The highest incidence rates were found in Leeds-Grenville and Lanark District (128.8 cases per 100,000), Kingston-Frontenac, Lennox and Addington (87.2 cases per 100,000), Hastings and Prince Edward Counties (28.6 cases per 100,000), Ottawa (18.1 cases per 100,000) and Eastern Ontario (13.5 cases per 100,000). Cases occurred mostly from June through September, were most common among males, and those aged 5-14 and 50-69 years.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000In 2017, Lyme disease incidence showed a marked increase in Ontario, especially in the eastern part of the province. If current weather and climate trends continue, blacklegged ticks carrying tick-borne pathogens, such as those causing Lyme disease, will continue to spread into suitable habitat. Monitoring the extent of this geographic spread will inform future clinical and public health actions to detect and mitigate the impact of Lyme disease in Ontario.","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89228677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Luna, Marsha Taylor, E. Galanis, R. Asplin, J. Huffman, Darlene Wagner, L. Hoang, A. Paccagnella, Susan Shelton, S. Ladd-Wilson, S. Seelman, B. Whitney, E. Elliot, Robin Atkinson, K. Marshall, C. Basler
Foodborne salmonellosis causes an estimated one million illnesses and 400 deaths annually in the United States (US). During March-May 2017, an outbreak of 19 cases of Salmonella Chailey associated with precut coconut pieces from a single grocery store chain occurred in the United States and Canada. The chain voluntarily recalled precut coconut pieces. This was the first time that coconut has been associated with a Salmonella outbreak in the United States or Canada. In recent years, salmonellosis outbreaks have been caused by foods not typically associated with Salmonella. Raw coconut should now be considered in investigations of Salmonella outbreaks among fresh food consumers.
{"title":"Outbreak of Salmonella Chailey infections linked to precut coconut pieces - United States and Canada, 2017†.","authors":"Sarah Luna, Marsha Taylor, E. Galanis, R. Asplin, J. Huffman, Darlene Wagner, L. Hoang, A. Paccagnella, Susan Shelton, S. Ladd-Wilson, S. Seelman, B. Whitney, E. Elliot, Robin Atkinson, K. Marshall, C. Basler","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v44i10a05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v44i10a05","url":null,"abstract":"Foodborne salmonellosis causes an estimated one million illnesses and 400 deaths annually in the United States (US). During March-May 2017, an outbreak of 19 cases of Salmonella Chailey associated with precut coconut pieces from a single grocery store chain occurred in the United States and Canada. The chain voluntarily recalled precut coconut pieces. This was the first time that coconut has been associated with a Salmonella outbreak in the United States or Canada. In recent years, salmonellosis outbreaks have been caused by foods not typically associated with Salmonella. Raw coconut should now be considered in investigations of Salmonella outbreaks among fresh food consumers.","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83172634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: A small village in Nunavik, Quebec experienced a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in 2012-2013 and then a resurgence in 2015-2016. Cases were still occurring, despite the fact that contact tracing had already been conducted on one quarter of the population. A decision was taken to conduct large-scale screening of the population for TB.
Objective: To describe the results of a population-based TB screening intervention designed to identify individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) or active TB requiring treatment.
Methodology: The history of TB infection (either active TB or LTBI, defined as a positive tuberculin skin test result of at least five mm induration) and treatment (considered adequate if at least 80% of prescribed doses were taken) were determined. Those who were two years of age and older and had not been included in contact tracing after June 1, 2015 were included for TB screening (n=1,026 eligible individuals). Screening included a nurse assessment, tuberculin skin test (TST) for those with previous negative TST or of unknown status and chest X-ray for the others.
Results: Of the eligible individuals in the affected village, 1,004 (98%) participated in the screening. Of these, 30% had a history of previous TB infection. A TST screening was administered to 71% of the participants, 10% of whom had positive results. Assessments were performed on 425 participants and 385 underwent a chest X-ray. Fifty-two cases of previously diagnosed active TB and three cases of new active TB were documented. In addition, there were 247 individuals with LTBI who had been previously identified (191 were found to have had adequate LTBI treatment, 56 were found to have had inadequate LTBI treatment) and 69 were identified with de novo LTBI. In addition, 633 participants were found to have no TB infection. There were 125 participants who were referred for LTBI treatment. Follow-up information was available for 120 and 85 (71%) of these completed the treatment.
Conclusion: Within this northern village, which had persistent TB transmission despite classic control measures, population-based screening had a high degree of coverage and was an effective way to detect additional cases of individuals with active TB and those with LTBI.
{"title":"Results of a population screening intervention for tuberculosis in a Nunavik village, Quebec, 2015-2016.","authors":"R Dion, M Brisson, J F Proulx, H Zoungrana","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v44i10a04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v44i10a04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A small village in Nunavik, Quebec experienced a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in 2012-2013 and then a resurgence in 2015-2016. Cases were still occurring, despite the fact that contact tracing had already been conducted on one quarter of the population. A decision was taken to conduct large-scale screening of the population for TB.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the results of a population-based TB screening intervention designed to identify individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) or active TB requiring treatment.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The history of TB infection (either active TB or LTBI, defined as a positive tuberculin skin test result of at least five mm induration) and treatment (considered adequate if at least 80% of prescribed doses were taken) were determined. Those who were two years of age and older and had not been included in contact tracing after June 1, 2015 were included for TB screening (n=1,026 eligible individuals). Screening included a nurse assessment, tuberculin skin test (TST) for those with previous negative TST or of unknown status and chest X-ray for the others.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the eligible individuals in the affected village, 1,004 (98%) participated in the screening. Of these, 30% had a history of previous TB infection. A TST screening was administered to 71% of the participants, 10% of whom had positive results. Assessments were performed on 425 participants and 385 underwent a chest X-ray. Fifty-two cases of previously diagnosed active TB and three cases of new active TB were documented. In addition, there were 247 individuals with LTBI who had been previously identified (191 were found to have had adequate LTBI treatment, 56 were found to have had inadequate LTBI treatment) and 69 were identified with <i>de novo</i> LTBI. In addition, 633 participants were found to have no TB infection. There were 125 participants who were referred for LTBI treatment. Follow-up information was available for 120 and 85 (71%) of these completed the treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within this northern village, which had persistent TB transmission despite classic control measures, population-based screening had a high degree of coverage and was an effective way to detect additional cases of individuals with active TB and those with LTBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6707481/pdf/CCDR-44-257.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41224680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interim Canadian Recommendations for the use of fractional dose of yellow fever vaccine during a vaccine shortage: Now in effect.","authors":"","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v43i02a05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v43i02a05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81237901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background The recognition of the importance of social conditions informed early public health responses to infectious disease epidemics. By influencing exposure, vulnerability, and access to health services, social determinants of health (SDOH) continue to cause inequalities in infectious disease distribution. Such preventable and unjust inequalities are considered to be inequities. Analysis A number of challenges and barriers exist to more widespread public health action that addresses SDOH and inequities, including a lack of clarity on what public health should or could do. The National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health (NCCDH) has identified four primary roles for public health action on SDOH and inequities. This paper describes these roles and includes examples of their application to infectious diseases. The critical contribution that organizations make in providing the leadership and support for programs and staff to pursue action on SDOH and inequities is also highlighted. Conclusion While the challenge is large and complex, approaches such as the NCCDH roles for public health action provide a menu of options to facilitate the analysis and action to address SDOH and inequities in infectious diseases.
{"title":"What can public health do to address inequities in infectious disease?","authors":"B. Moloughney","doi":"10.14745/CCDR.V42IS1A03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/CCDR.V42IS1A03","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000The recognition of the importance of social conditions informed early public health responses to infectious disease epidemics. By influencing exposure, vulnerability, and access to health services, social determinants of health (SDOH) continue to cause inequalities in infectious disease distribution. Such preventable and unjust inequalities are considered to be inequities.\u0000\u0000\u0000Analysis\u0000A number of challenges and barriers exist to more widespread public health action that addresses SDOH and inequities, including a lack of clarity on what public health should or could do. The National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health (NCCDH) has identified four primary roles for public health action on SDOH and inequities. This paper describes these roles and includes examples of their application to infectious diseases. The critical contribution that organizations make in providing the leadership and support for programs and staff to pursue action on SDOH and inequities is also highlighted.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000While the challenge is large and complex, approaches such as the NCCDH roles for public health action provide a menu of options to facilitate the analysis and action to address SDOH and inequities in infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91270649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effectively addressing infectious diseases requires a broad multifaceted approach. Public health efforts in the 19 th century emphaasized cleanliness and good living conditions. The germ theory of disease that subsequently prevailed led to some important breakthroughs in vaccines and antimicrobials-but also bred complacency. Now, in light of emerging and re-emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance, we know that a unidisciplinary approach to infectious disease control is no longer sufficient and that it is through working with others that we can identify practical ways to address all the factors at play in the emergence and persistence of infectious diseases. When working across sectors, inter-professionally or with intergovernmental or coalition activities, there are four important principles to apply: respect, practicality, the rule of three and having something to offer.
{"title":"Infectious disease, social determinants and the need for intersectoral action.","authors":"D. Butler-Jones, T. Wong","doi":"10.14745/CCDR.V42IS1A04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/CCDR.V42IS1A04","url":null,"abstract":"Effectively addressing infectious diseases requires a broad multifaceted approach. Public health efforts in the 19 th century emphaasized cleanliness and good living conditions. The germ theory of disease that subsequently prevailed led to some important breakthroughs in vaccines and antimicrobials-but also bred complacency. Now, in light of emerging and re-emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance, we know that a unidisciplinary approach to infectious disease control is no longer sufficient and that it is through working with others that we can identify practical ways to address all the factors at play in the emergence and persistence of infectious diseases. When working across sectors, inter-professionally or with intergovernmental or coalition activities, there are four important principles to apply: respect, practicality, the rule of three and having something to offer.","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77984640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Communicable diseases cause a significant burden on society in terms of health care expenditures and their health impact on individuals. Cost-of-illness studies estimate the total economic burden of illness and injury. Objective To identify the economic burden of illness for communicable diseases in Canada, and to derive the costs associated with inequalities based on income and hospital expenditures. Methods Data were derived from the Economic Burden of Illness in Canada (EBIC) database, for the year 2008. Data for communicable diseases were extracted and compared to the overall results. Data on income level was available for hospital expenditures, and was analyzed by income quintile. Results The total costs attributable to communicable diseases in Canada were $8.3 billion, which represented 9% of the total costs that could be attributed to a specific disease or diagnostic category. Indirect costs accounted for 44% of total communicable disease costs and represented a more significant proportion of the economic burden related to communicable diseases compared to non-communicable diseases. When hospital costs by income quintile were analyzed, a clear inverse relationship was found between income and hospital expenditures. The costs associated with this inequality in 2008 were $308 million. The current estimates are likely to be an underestimate due to the conservative assumptions made in the analysis. Conclusion The cost of communicable disease in Canada is sizable and there is a clear correlation between lower income and higher hospital costs. Further research is needed to better account for co-morbid conditions and to better estimate the value of lost productivity related to disability arising from communicable diseases.
{"title":"Inequality-related economic burden of communicable diseases in Canada.","authors":"Canada Diener, Dugas","doi":"10.14745/CCDR.V42IS1A02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/CCDR.V42IS1A02","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Communicable diseases cause a significant burden on society in terms of health care expenditures and their health impact on individuals. Cost-of-illness studies estimate the total economic burden of illness and injury.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objective\u0000To identify the economic burden of illness for communicable diseases in Canada, and to derive the costs associated with inequalities based on income and hospital expenditures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Data were derived from the Economic Burden of Illness in Canada (EBIC) database, for the year 2008. Data for communicable diseases were extracted and compared to the overall results. Data on income level was available for hospital expenditures, and was analyzed by income quintile.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The total costs attributable to communicable diseases in Canada were $8.3 billion, which represented 9% of the total costs that could be attributed to a specific disease or diagnostic category. Indirect costs accounted for 44% of total communicable disease costs and represented a more significant proportion of the economic burden related to communicable diseases compared to non-communicable diseases. When hospital costs by income quintile were analyzed, a clear inverse relationship was found between income and hospital expenditures. The costs associated with this inequality in 2008 were $308 million. The current estimates are likely to be an underestimate due to the conservative assumptions made in the analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000The cost of communicable disease in Canada is sizable and there is a clear correlation between lower income and higher hospital costs. Further research is needed to better account for co-morbid conditions and to better estimate the value of lost productivity related to disability arising from communicable diseases.","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86665157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Nakamachi, S. West, L. Dresser, Andrew M. Morris
Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, two academic health science centres in Toronto, Ontario, jointly established a robust, well-resourced antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). Over the course of four years, we spread our program to five intensive care units (ICUs), learned which change management practices worked and which did not, and leveraged our ICU successes to other areas of our hospitals. We identified the following two factors as critical to establishing ASPs in hospitals: strong leadership with clear accountability; and valid, reliable data to monitor progress. Subsequently we have led the spread of our program to 14 academic hospital ICUs, and more recently we leveraged to help community hospitals implement ASPs without in-house infectious diseases specialists. We introduced three new data fields into the provincial critical care information system: days of antibacterial therapy, days of antifungal therapy, and ICU-onset C. difficile, which will help standardize data collection moving forward. This model-starting with academic health sciences centres, and antimicrobial stewardship experts and leaders who are then supported to mentor and develop new experts and leaders-could be copied in other jurisdictions both within and outside of Canada.
{"title":"Developing and expanding hospital antimicrobial stewardship: The Ontario experience.","authors":"Y. Nakamachi, S. West, L. Dresser, Andrew M. Morris","doi":"10.14745/CCDR.V41IS4A04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/CCDR.V41IS4A04","url":null,"abstract":"Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, two academic health science centres in Toronto, Ontario, jointly established a robust, well-resourced antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). Over the course of four years, we spread our program to five intensive care units (ICUs), learned which change management practices worked and which did not, and leveraged our ICU successes to other areas of our hospitals. We identified the following two factors as critical to establishing ASPs in hospitals: strong leadership with clear accountability; and valid, reliable data to monitor progress. Subsequently we have led the spread of our program to 14 academic hospital ICUs, and more recently we leveraged to help community hospitals implement ASPs without in-house infectious diseases specialists. We introduced three new data fields into the provincial critical care information system: days of antibacterial therapy, days of antifungal therapy, and ICU-onset C. difficile, which will help standardize data collection moving forward. This model-starting with academic health sciences centres, and antimicrobial stewardship experts and leaders who are then supported to mentor and develop new experts and leaders-could be copied in other jurisdictions both within and outside of Canada.","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83420931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To provide travel medicine practitioners with a comprehensive (though not exhaustive) list of resources. Resources that appear to be most frequently used by health professionals currently practising this specialty have been included. Methods Select members of TravelMed, an international e-mail discussion forum for travel medicine practitioners were informally canvassed and presented with a question regarding which travel medicine resources they find to be most useful. Their responses informed the development of this Statement. In addition, the opinions of experts in travel medicine were solicited to identify resources. The scope was international; however, particular attention was given to Canadian sources of information. Results Travel medicine resources are listed and organized into the following categories: Courses, conferences and local travel medicine groups; Books; Canadian recommendations; Handbooks; periodicals and reports; Journals; Internet medicine forums; Online subscription services; Outbreak reports and travel advisories; Sources of malaria recommendations; More useful websites; Travel medicine clinics in Canada and abroad; and Certification. Conclusion There are many Canadian and international resources available to inform Canadian travel medicine practitioners.
{"title":"Travel medicine resources for Canadian practitioners.","authors":"P. Teitelbaum","doi":"10.14745/CCDR.V41I05A03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/CCDR.V41I05A03","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000To provide travel medicine practitioners with a comprehensive (though not exhaustive) list of resources. Resources that appear to be most frequently used by health professionals currently practising this specialty have been included.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Select members of TravelMed, an international e-mail discussion forum for travel medicine practitioners were informally canvassed and presented with a question regarding which travel medicine resources they find to be most useful. Their responses informed the development of this Statement. In addition, the opinions of experts in travel medicine were solicited to identify resources. The scope was international; however, particular attention was given to Canadian sources of information.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Travel medicine resources are listed and organized into the following categories: Courses, conferences and local travel medicine groups; Books; Canadian recommendations; Handbooks; periodicals and reports; Journals; Internet medicine forums; Online subscription services; Outbreak reports and travel advisories; Sources of malaria recommendations; More useful websites; Travel medicine clinics in Canada and abroad; and Certification.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000There are many Canadian and international resources available to inform Canadian travel medicine practitioners.","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82168506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. McGuire, V. Gallant, A. Bourgeois, S. Ogunnaike-Cooke
Background Drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis (TB) pose a serious threat to prevention and control efforts. In response to this growing worldwide concern, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) established and maintains the Canadian Tuberculosis Laboratory Surveillance System (CTBLSS) in partnership with the Canadian Tuberculosis Laboratory Technical Network (CTLTN) and participating laboratories. Objective To report on national trends and patterns in anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Canada for the years 2003 to 2013. Method At the beginning of each calendar year, participating laboratories submit to PHAC reports on the results of anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing for all isolates tested during the preceding year. These data are then analyzed by PHAC and the results are validated by supplying laboratories. The results are published annually as the Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Canada series. Results In 2013, anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility test results for 1,380 isolates were reported to PHAC. Of these, 762 (54%) were reported as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) where the species was known. Two thirds (68%) of all the reported isolates originated from the three largest provinces, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. Overall, of the laboratory results received, 112 (8.1%) showed resistance to at least one first-line drug and, of these, the majority (93 or 83%) were monoresistant. Conclusion TB drug resistance observed in Canada remains well below the global average. Over the last 10 years, the percentage of isolates with resistance to one or more of the first-line medications has decreased from 10.5% in 2003 to 8.1% in 2013.
{"title":"A summary of tuberculosis drug resistance in Canada, 2003-2013.","authors":"M. McGuire, V. Gallant, A. Bourgeois, S. Ogunnaike-Cooke","doi":"10.14745/CCDR.V41IS2A02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/CCDR.V41IS2A02","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis (TB) pose a serious threat to prevention and control efforts. In response to this growing worldwide concern, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) established and maintains the Canadian Tuberculosis Laboratory Surveillance System (CTBLSS) in partnership with the Canadian Tuberculosis Laboratory Technical Network (CTLTN) and participating laboratories.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objective\u0000To report on national trends and patterns in anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Canada for the years 2003 to 2013.\u0000\u0000\u0000Method\u0000At the beginning of each calendar year, participating laboratories submit to PHAC reports on the results of anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing for all isolates tested during the preceding year. These data are then analyzed by PHAC and the results are validated by supplying laboratories. The results are published annually as the Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Canada series.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000In 2013, anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility test results for 1,380 isolates were reported to PHAC. Of these, 762 (54%) were reported as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) where the species was known. Two thirds (68%) of all the reported isolates originated from the three largest provinces, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. Overall, of the laboratory results received, 112 (8.1%) showed resistance to at least one first-line drug and, of these, the majority (93 or 83%) were monoresistant.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000TB drug resistance observed in Canada remains well below the global average. Over the last 10 years, the percentage of isolates with resistance to one or more of the first-line medications has decreased from 10.5% in 2003 to 8.1% in 2013.","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84317142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：