Cancer Causes & Control最新文献

Purpose: In resource-limited environments, setting priorities for leukemia care becomes essential to ensure effective and efficient use of available resources. This study aimed to identify the key areas of leukemia care and services by determining their prioritization within the South African healthcare system and developing a set of improvement and research priorities.

Methods: A two-round modified Delphi method was used to identify leukemia care priorities and rank areas of leukemia management improvement and research priorities. Healthcare professional experts comprised of Clinical Hematologists and Hematopathologists. In round 1, participants independently rated the importance of 125 iterative statements on leukemia care and services derived from literature. In round 2, agreement within the expert participants was considered to finalize the list of priority statements and 17 improvement and research priorities were ranked based on level of importance.

Results: In total, a list of 67 priority statements reached consensus, and 17 improvement and research priorities were established. A high agreement (≥ 90%) was reached for 24 statements within the six themes, these included accurate and advanced diagnostic techniques, factors in determining treatment strategies (e.g., risk stratification), supportive care measures (e.g., pain management and infection prevention), ensuring adequate healthcare workforce, and creating multidisciplinary teams. The highest ranked improvement and research priorities were timely delivery of diagnosis and treatments and biomarker development for early detection, prognosis, and treatment response.

Conclusion: This study identified key priorities for leukemia care within the South African healthcare system, providing an evidence-based framework through expert consensus.

Introduction: We evaluated the effectiveness of the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in representing middle-aged and older cancer survivors by comparing individual- and county-level characteristics with those of a comparable cohort in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER).

Methods: We identified incident cancer survivors aged ≥ 50 years in the HRS and SEER biennially from 2000 to 2020. We calculated proportions of individual- level and county-level sociodemographic attributes for the sampling-weighted HRS and SEER. We calculated the standardized differences (SD) between the HRS and SEER, with an SD of ≥ 0.1 indicating a meaningful difference.

Results: Cancer survivors in the HRS and SEER had similar sociodemographic characteristics, with some exceptions. Across most years, the HRS had a lower proportion of cancer survivors in the younger baseline age group (e.g., in 2020, 1.3% in HRS vs. 7.4% in SEER for ages 50-54), but a higher proportion of non-Hispanic White (e.g., in 2020, 75.7% in HRS, 68.3% in SEER), and married (e.g., in 2020, 59.5% in HRS, 53.2% in SEER), all with SD ≥ 0.1. The general populations of their data collection areas were similar, while the HRS over-represented counties with a higher proportion of Hispanic residents.

Conclusions: The sociodemographic profiles of middle-aged and older cancer survivors in the HRS and SEER were similar, with some minor exceptions, reflecting their distinct objectives and data collection methodologies. Understanding the comparability between HRS and SEER is crucial for ensuring that HRS data can reliably inform cancer survivorship research across the US population while providing additional longitudinal aging and covariates data.

Background: Cancer survivors are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19. However, beyond race, age, and sex, less is known about other neighborhood and psychosocial factors contribute to this increased risk.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the associations of individual and area-level social determinants of health (SDOH) measures, medical, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors and COVID-19 infection in a statewide cohort of cancer survivors in New Jersey.

Methods: Survey data from 864 cancer survivors in New Jersey were collected from 2018 to 2022, which were merged with study participant data from the state of New Jersey on COVID-19 diagnoses in 2020, 2021, and 2022. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for associations of COVID-19 diagnosis with individual-level factors (cancer type and stage, health behaviors, and psychosocial factors) and area-level SDOH [Social Vulnerability Index, Area Deprivation Index, and Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) to quantify racialized deprivation vs. privilege based on income].

Results: Cancer survivors born outside the US were more than twice as likely to contract COVID-19 compared to US-born survivors (aOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.01, 4.92). Compared to Quartile 4, residence in an area in Quartile 1 of racialized income ICE (i.e., predominantly Black, low income) was associated with higher odds of COVID-19 (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 0.98, 4.87). Retired survivors had lower odds of COVID-19 (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19, 0.80) compared to those who were employed. Higher social well-being was associated with higher COVID-19 (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02, 1.13). Type of cancer and cancer treatments received were not associated with the risk of COVID-19.

Conclusions: Immigrant status and increased racialized deprivation as measured by ICE for income were associated with COVID-19. These findings support evidence that individual and area-level SDOH measures contribute to increased risk of COVID-19 among cancer survivors.

Background: The relationship between body composition and hematological malignancies is poorly understood. Using mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, this study aimed to assess the genetic associations between body composition and hematological malignancies.

Methods: Data from the UK Biobank Genome-Wide Association Studies database, which includes approximately 500,000 participants aged 40-69 years, were utilized. Multivariable MR analysis and the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method were employed to assess the causal link between exposures and outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the instrumental variables.

Results: The univariable MR analysis revealed that specific body composition parameters, including arm fat-free mass (left and right), trunk-predicted mass, whole-body fat-free mass, and whole-body water mass, were associated with an increased leukemia risk. Arm fat-free mass (right) and fat mass (left and right); leg fat-free mass (left and right) and fat mass (left and right); trunk fat-free mass, fat mass, and predicted mass; and whole-body fat-free mass, fat mass, and water mass were associated with an increased lymphoma risk. However, no causal relationship was observed between body composition parameters and multiple myeloma. In the multivariable MR analysis, height [odds ratio (OR) = 1.004, p = 0.040] was identified as an independent risk factor for lymphoma, while the waist-to-hip ratio (OR = 1.003, p = 0.004) increased the risk of multiple myeloma.

Conclusion: Height increases the risk of lymphoma, while the waist-to-hip ratio is a risk factor for multiple myeloma. These findings offer further evidence supporting a causal relationship between body composition and hematological malignancies.

Purpose: Budget impact analyses (BIAs) aim to estimate costs of evidence-based programs in specific contexts, an important component of implementation decision making. We developed a BIA tool focused on the Smokefree Support Study, a cost-effective smoking cessation program for patients entering cancer care and refined the tool through usability testing.

Methods: The BIA tool was structured using data from the Smokefree Support Study cost-effectiveness study. We refined the tool via usability testing to improve functionality and gain insight into the tool's potential for informing adoption decisions. We recruited participants from sites participating in the NCI-funded Cancer Center Cessation Initiative.

Results: The final BIA tool allowed users generate context-specific cost estimates. Usability testing interviews informed changes to improve the BIA tool's usability and also illustrated users' natural inclination toward adaptation, helped identify the target audience for the tool, and underscored that cost results should be contextualized with other decision criteria to support program adoption.

Conclusion: We developed a BIA tool with which users can generate context-specific cost estimates of the Smokefree Support Study program. The breadth of usability feedback provided by participants and perspectives on using the BIA tool underscore the importance of involving end users in the development of tools and products.

Purpose: Faith-based organizations (FBOs) have been recognized as a critical partner to reach underserved, marginalized populations in the U.S. for disease prevention and health promotion. FBOs have been successfully engaged to lower risk for leading causes of death, including cancer, but despite the proliferation of FBO cancer intervention research, a comprehensive review is lacking.

Methods: We conducted a PRISMA Scoping Review to ascertain the impact of FBO cancer interventions. Seven bibliographical databases were used to search for articles evaluating cancer interventions reporting quantitative outcomes in which places of worship in the U.S. served as the research location. Study characteristics and results data were extracted by two independent extractors.

Results: Thirty-six studies were included. All FBOs were Christian churches with healthy populations. Breast (25%), prostate (22%), and colorectal (17%) were the primary cancers targeted and cancer screening was the primary outcome of 75% of studies. Sixty-nine percent (k = 25) reported significant results in cancer-related outcomes from baseline to post-intervention follow-up, with 100% of studies in Korean American communities (k = 7) reporting significant results.

Conclusion: FBO interventions can successfully increase preventative screening across numerous cancer types in diverse communities, particularly in Korean Americans. Additional FBO cancer interventions that aim to reduce inequities in other cancers (e.g., lung) that disproportionately affect Korean Americans and have not been targeted are warranted. Expanding current investigations of FBO collaborations with other faiths (besides Christian) to include cancer prevention and control would further realize FBOs' untapped potential.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the association between a history of Condyloma acuminatum, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in prostate tissue, and prostate cancer in Mexican men, as well as to assess the prevalence of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in prostate tissue.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on studies that investigated the presence of HPV in prostate tissue or a history of condyloma and their association with prostate cancer. Data were extracted from PubMed and Web of Science, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and the prevalence of HPV genotypes were calculated using a random effects model.

Results: Eight case-control studies were included, comprising 1,059 cases and 1,768 controls. A significant association was found between the presence of HPV in prostate tumour tissue and prostate cancer (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.52-3.60). Meanwhile, a borderline statistically significant relationship was observed between a history of Condyloma acuminatum and prostate cancer (2.26, 95% CI 1.00-5.11). The prevalence of high-risk HPV was 77% (95% CI 69-84%), while the prevalence of low-risk HPV was 23% (95% CI 16-31%). No significant publication bias or heterogeneity was detected.

Conclusions: The presence of HPV in prostate tissue is significantly associated with increased odds of prostate cancer in Mexican men. These findings suggest that HPV may play a role in the development of prostate cancer and underscore the importance of further investigation into HPV screening and vaccination as potential preventive measures.

Purpose: State and District Comprehensive Cancer Control (CCC) plans often do not include priorities for all individuals within their state or district borders. In particular, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people experience persistent cancer disparities, yet their inclusion in CCC plans has not been examined. Our study systematically reviewed state and district CCC plans for the inclusion of Tribal-specific cancer control strategies and priorities.

Methods: A collaborative team of researchers from Tribal serving organizations, cancer centers, and academic institutions conducted a content analysis of state CCC plans to assess terms, concepts, context, and goals related to Tribal populations across twelve domains.

Results: Seventy-three percent (n = 37) of state CCC plans addressed at least one of twelve domain criteria, while 14 states (27%) did not mention Tribal data or priorities. Specifically, the terms "Indigenous or Native" (n = 29) or "American Indian, Indian Country, Reservations, or Indian Health Service" (n = 27) were referenced most often. Three states met the highest domain criteria (New Mexico, California, Montana). Six states with federally recognized tribes within their borders did not meet any domains (Alabama, Florida, Massachusetts, Missouri, Texas, Virginia).

Conclusion: By highlighting state and Tribal CCC plans' best practices and incorporating Tribal priorities within state and district CCC plans and programs, we underscore the importance of addressing cancer in Tribal populations across the U.S. and offer examples of inclusive CCC plan development and implementation.

Background: Social media (SM) has emerged as a tool for health-related usage among US adults, including cancer screening promotion. Here, we aimed to assess the differences in health-related SM use between US and foreign-born adults and the relationship between health-related SM use and colorectal (CRC) screening practices.

Methods: Using data from the fifth edition of the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5), cycle 2, we compared the differences in health-related SM use between US and foreign-born adults and the effects of SM use on CRC screening by country of birth. We included adults aged 50-75 and excluded participants with a history of CRC. The primary endpoint was CRC screening, which was determined by self-reported CRC screening using colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or stool occult blood testing.

Results: Our study included 1,812 adults, of whom 236 (13.0%) were foreign-born. Most participants (72.1%) reported undergoing CRC screening. Interestingly, we found no discernible difference in health-related SM use [odds ratio [OR] 0.91; 95% CI (0.49, 1.69)] between US and foreign-born adults. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that SM use did not influence CRC screening practices among either group (US-born: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.50, 1.52], foreign-born 0.52 [0.10, 2.51]).

Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, which showed a positive relationship between SM use and satisfactory health-related practices, we found that although foreign-born adults use SM as much as US-born adults, there was no significant relationship between SM use and CRC screening.

Purpose: Breast cancer survivors experience unmet needs throughout survivorship. We described the burden of unmet needs among ≥ 10-year survivors.

Methods: We used the Cancer Survivors Unmet Needs Assessment (CaSun) to characterize unmet needs (information, quality of life, emotional and relationships, life perspective) among participants in Phase 3 of the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based study of breast cancer survivors diagnosed from 2008 to 2013. We calculated the prevalence of having ≥ 5 unmet needs (%) and estimated prevalence differences (PD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using generalized linear models with a binomial distribution to describe the burden of unmet needs across patient, clinical, and treatment characteristics.

Results: We included 1445 women who completed the CaSun an average of 11.2 (SD = 0.6) years post-diagnosis. The sample was roughly balanced between Black (46.2%) and White (53.8%) participants. Overall, 27.1% of participants reported ≥ 5 unmet needs. We observed a higher burden of unmet needs among Black women compared to White women (PD: 14.2; 95% CI 9.6, 18.7) and among women < 50 years of age compared to women ≥ 50 (PD: 9.5; 95% CI 5.0, 13.9). Notably, women characterized as having "more barriers to care" had the highest prevalence of unmet needs in our study, with 28.6 percentage points higher prevalence compared to women with "fewer barriers to care" (95% CI 18.7, 38.5).

Conclusions: Black, younger, and socioeconomically disadvantaged women had a higher burden of long-term unmet needs ≥ 10 years post-diagnosis. Identifying patient characteristics that predict long-term unmet needs may help to identify targeted interventions.