Soil & Environmental Health最新文献

Rapid and accurate phytate quantification in plant tissues and grains via ion chromatography: Validation and application 离子色谱法快速准确测定植物组织和颗粒中的植酸：验证和应用

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2026.100195

Chunyan Hu , Chenjing Liu , Shufen Xiao , Yuxuan Chen , Ruimin Jin , Chaogang Xing , Yue Cao , Lena Q. Ma

Phytate (salts of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) represents 65–90 % of total phosphorus in the grains, yet its accurate quantification in plant samples remains challenging. In this study, a novel ion chromatography method coupled with suppressed conductivity detection (IC−SCD) was developed for rapid and accurrate phytate determination in 15 plant samples. These included two model plants (N. tabacum and A. thaliana), four crop plants (O. sativa, B. rapa, S. lycopersicum, and T. aestivum), four fern plants (P. ensiformis, P. vittata, P. multifida, and P. cretica), and five grain samples (maize, rice, barley, oat, and wheat). The IC−SCD method achieved a low detection limit of 0.2 mg/L (0.04 mg/g) and enabled effective phytate separation from interferences of inositol trisphosphate and common organic acids, including malate, tartrate, oxalate, and citrate, which are inadequately resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared with the Wade method, which determines phytate by spectrophotometric measurement of absorbance after reaction with ferric chloride and sulfosalicylic acid, the phytate contents determined by IC−SCD were comparable in 5 grain samples (1.64−3.11 mg/g). However, much lower and more accurate values were obtained in 10 plant tissues (0.20−1.14 vs. 6.67−8.01 mg/g), with P. vittata showing the highest phytate content. The data indicate that Wade method overestimates phytate in plant tissues due to interference from organic acidss. This study demonstrates that the IC−SCD method provides a reliable and cost-effective analytical approach for rapid and accurate phytate determination, supporting improved evaluation of phosphorus dynamics in plant and feed research.

植酸盐（六磷酸肌醇盐）占谷物中总磷的65 - 90%，但其在植物样品中的准确定量仍然具有挑战性。本研究建立了一种新的离子色谱-抑制电导率检测（IC - SCD）方法，用于快速准确地测定15种植物样品中的植酸盐。其中包括两种模式植物（烟草、拟南芥），四种作物（sativa、B. rapa、S. lycopersicum和T. aestivum），四种蕨类植物（P. ensiformis、P. vittata、P. multifiida和P. cretica），以及五种谷物样本（玉米、水稻、大麦、燕麦和小麦）。IC - SCD方法的检出限为0.2 mg/L (0.04 mg/g)，能够有效地分离植酸盐与三磷酸肌醇和常见有机酸（包括苹果酸、酒石酸、草酸和柠檬酸）的干扰，而高效液相色谱法无法充分解决这些干扰。与Wade法（与氯化铁和磺基水杨酸反应后分光光度法测定植酸含量）相比，IC - SCD法测定的5个颗粒样品的植酸含量具有可比性（1.64 ~ 3.11 mg/g）。然而，在10种植物组织中获得了更低和更准确的值（0.20 ~ 1.14 vs. 6.67 ~ 8.01 mg/g），其中P. vittata显示出最高的植酸含量。数据表明，由于有机酸的干扰，Wade方法高估了植物组织中的植酸。该研究表明，IC - SCD方法为快速准确地测定植酸盐提供了可靠和经济的分析方法，为改善植物和饲料研究中磷动态的评估提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Path to robust digital mapping of soil C:N ratio: geographic bias and uncertainty gap 土壤碳氮比的稳健数字制图路径：地理偏差和不确定性差距

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100187

Yujie Hong , Lebing Wu , Peipei Xue , Bifeng Hu , Zhou Shi , Songchao Chen

The carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio is a key indicator of soil quality, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem function. While advances in digital soil mapping offer powerful tools for spatially resolving soil properties, understanding of the spatial patterns of soil C:N ratio and their drivers and implications remains limited. In this review, we synthesized recent progress by analyzing 51 peer-reviewed articles published up to August 2025. Our analysis reveals that despite a rapid increase in publications, research on mapping soil C:N ratio remains limited compared to other soil properties and is characterized by biases. Research is geographically concentrated in China (45%), heavily focused on cropland ecosystems, and predominantly limited to topsoil (0–30 cm). Methodologically, direct modeling of soil C:N ratio (80%) and 2D spatial models (94%) are common. Despite recent methodological advances, major challenges remain, which include the lack of uncertainty analysis (reported in only 10% of studies), the geographic and vertical sampling biases, and the tendency for predictive models to underestimate the true range of soil C:N ratio. Future perspectives should prioritize the adoption of 3D modeling frameworks, the integration of mechanistic understanding with empirical data-driven approaches through novel environmental covariates, and the standardization of reporting for sampling and validation protocols. Future efforts should focus on broadening the geographic and contextual scope of soil C:N mapping, mandating uncertainty quantification, and enhancing methodological transparency to produce more robust and globally relevant soil information.

碳氮比是土壤质量、养分循环和生态系统功能的重要指标。虽然数字土壤制图技术的进步为空间解析土壤特性提供了强大的工具，但对土壤碳氮比的空间格局及其驱动因素和影响的理解仍然有限。在这篇综述中，我们通过分析截至2025年8月发表的51篇同行评议文章，综合了最近的进展。我们的分析表明，尽管出版物迅速增加，但与其他土壤特性相比，对土壤C:N比率的研究仍然有限，并且存在偏差。研究在地理上主要集中在中国（45%），主要集中在农田生态系统，主要限于表土（0-30厘米）。在方法上，土壤碳氮比的直接建模（80%）和二维空间模型（94%）是常见的。尽管最近在方法上取得了进步，但主要的挑战仍然存在，包括缺乏不确定性分析（只有10%的研究报告），地理和垂直采样偏差，以及预测模型倾向于低估土壤碳氮比的真实范围。未来的观点应该优先考虑采用3D建模框架，通过新的环境协变量将机制理解与经验数据驱动的方法相结合，以及为抽样和验证协议报告的标准化。未来的工作应侧重于扩大土壤C:N制图的地理和背景范围，强制不确定性量化，并提高方法透明度，以产生更可靠和全球相关的土壤信息。

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引用次数: 0

Earthworms and phytate drive phosphorus hotspots in the drilosphere: Enzymatic, microbial, and spatial insights from in situ imaging 蚯蚓和植酸盐驱动钻圈中的磷热点：原位成像的酶、微生物和空间洞察

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100186

Zhen-Yu Qiang , Dong-Xing Guan , Jia-Lu Gao , Kai Ding , Gang Li , Nader Saad Elsayed , Lena Q. Ma

Soil organic phosphorus (P) represents a critical component of terrestrial ecosystems, yet its mineralization dynamics in biologically-active zones like earthworm drilosphere remain poorly understood. This study combined microcosm experiments with in situ imaging to elucidate the mechanisms of phytate mineralization in earthworm drilosphere, 2-mm soil layer surrounding the burrows. Under phytate application, endogeic earthworms increased the available P content by 6.3 % in the drilosphere and elevated phytase activity by 38%. In situ imaging using diffusive gradients in thin-films and soil zymography revealed that phytate application increased the maximum labile P flux by 54% and maximum acid phosphatase activity by 67%. Hotspot analysis showed phytate application expanded labile P hotspots from 3.1 to 4.2% in soil while reducing acid phosphatase hotspots from 4.8 to 4.6%, indicating elevated baseline enzyme activity in the drilosphere. Microbial community analysis revealed that earthworms restructured drilosphere communities, with Gammaproteobacteria and Sordariomycetes emerging as dominant functional taxa. Functional gene expression analysis showed selective upregulation of phytase genes phoD and phyA and downregulation of P-starvation response genes phoU and phoR, boosting microbial P acquisition capacity. These findings demonstrate that earthworms drive phytate mineralization through integrated mechanisms: enzymatic effects, gene regulations, and microbial community restructure. This work helps to understand the spatially-heterogeneous P dynamics, highlighting soil fauna as ecosystem engineers by creating self-reinforcing systems to maximize organic P utilization.

土壤有机磷(P)是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，但其矿化动态在生物活动区，如蚯蚓钻井圈仍知之甚少。本研究将显微实验与原位成像相结合，探讨了蚯蚓洞周2 mm土层中植酸矿化的机制。在植酸处理下，内源蚯蚓使钻井圈有效磷含量提高了6.3%，植酸酶活性提高了38%。利用薄膜扩散梯度原位成像和土壤酶谱分析显示，植酸盐的施用使最大不稳定磷通量增加了54%，最大酸性磷酸酶活性增加了67%。热点分析表明，植酸盐的施用使土壤中不稳定磷热点从3.1增加到4.2%，酸性磷酸酶热点从4.8降低到4.6%，表明钻井圈中酶的基线活性升高。微生物群落分析显示，蚯蚓重构了钻孔圈群落，其中γ变形菌和sordariomyetes成为优势功能类群。功能基因表达分析显示，植酸酶基因phoD和phyA选择性上调，磷饥饿反应基因phoU和phoR选择性下调，增强了微生物获取磷的能力。这些发现表明蚯蚓通过酶作用、基因调控和微生物群落重组等综合机制驱动植酸矿化。这项工作有助于理解磷的空间异质性动态，强调土壤动物作为生态系统工程师，通过创建自我强化系统来最大限度地利用有机磷。

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引用次数: 0

Carbonate Bedrock Shapes Soil Health: metal enrichment, nutrient limitation, and carbon sequestration in karst soil 碳酸盐基岩影响土壤健康：喀斯特土壤中的金属富集、营养限制和碳固存

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100189

Guobing Lin, Chenjing Liu, Yuanchen Zhang, Lena Q. Ma

Southwest China hosts the world's largest karst landscape, with karst soil derived from carbonate bedrock being widespread. Meanwhile, non-karst soil developed from silicate-rich clastic rocks is intermixed in this region. Unlike clastic rocks, carbonate rocks have unique lithological characteristics including abundant easily-soluble CaCO₃ and MgCO₃, and high weathering rates, which may shape different soil properties. Based on 1053 observations from 87 articles, we compared soil health between karst and non-karst soil to study the impacts of bedrock lithology, with heavy metals and nutrient elements being the main indicators. Our meta-analyses indicate that, compared to non-karst soil, karst soil had 433% higher Ca contents and 37−117% greater Fe/Mn contents on average. The abundant CaCO₃ contributed to 25−28% higher pH and macroaggregate in karst soil. The secondary enrichment by Fe/Mn oxides likely contributes to 110–398% greater Cd, As, Cr, Pb, and Hg contents in karst soil, with limited phytoavailability. Additionally, the abundant CaCO₃, Fe/Mn minerals, and macroaggregates provided critical physical barriers to protect organic matters from decomposing, resulting in 41–70% increase in total C, N and P, accompanied by 87–149% higher microbial C, N and P, but 27–36% lower DOC, NH₄⁺-N, and available P in karst soil. Collectively, the higher enrichment of toxic metals and lower nutrient availability potentially pose negative impacts on plant growth, while the greater C sequestration, aggregate stability, and microbial diversity may have positive effects on karst soil health. Our work revealed the linkage of bedrock lithology to soil health in karst and non-karst soil and assessed the characteristics of karst soil from multiple perspectives. This review helps to better understand karst soil health and provides critical insights for their sustainable development.

中国西南地区拥有世界上最大的喀斯特地貌，碳酸盐基岩形成的喀斯特土壤分布广泛。同时，富硅酸盐碎屑岩发育的非岩溶土混杂在该区。与碎屑岩不同，碳酸盐岩具有丰富的易溶CaCO3和MgCO3等独特的岩性特征，具有较高的风化速率，可形成不同的土壤性质。基于87篇1053次观测资料，以基岩岩性对土壤健康的影响为主要指标，对基岩岩性对土壤健康的影响进行了对比研究。我们的荟萃分析表明，与非喀斯特土壤相比，喀斯特土壤的Ca含量平均高出433%，Fe/Mn含量平均高出37 ~ 117%。丰富的CaCO3使岩溶土壤pH值升高25 ~ 28%，形成大团聚体。铁/锰氧化物对喀斯特土壤Cd、As、Cr、Pb和Hg含量的二次富集可能增加110 ~ 398%，但植物可利用性有限。此外，丰富的CaCO3、Fe/Mn矿物和大团聚体为保护有机质的分解提供了关键的物理屏障，导致喀斯特土壤中总C、N和P增加41-70%，微生物C、N和P增加87-149%，DOC、NH4+-N和速效磷降低27-36%。综上所述，较高的有毒金属富集和较低的养分有效性可能对植物生长产生负面影响，而较高的碳固存、团聚体稳定性和微生物多样性可能对喀斯特土壤健康产生积极影响。揭示了喀斯特和非喀斯特土壤基岩岩性与土壤健康的联系，并从多个角度评价了喀斯特土壤的特征。这一综述有助于更好地了解喀斯特土壤的健康状况，并为喀斯特土壤的可持续发展提供重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Coupling positive matrix factorization with machine learning to quantify contamination sources and map health risks of heavy metals in karst soils 耦合正矩阵分解与机器学习的喀斯特土壤重金属污染源量化与健康风险图谱

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2026.100193

Zhenhai Liu , Yang Zeng , Wanzhou Wang , Bolun Zhang , Jiameng Liu , Xiaoli Zhao

Heavy metal contamination in karst ecosystems poses great environmental risks due to the interplay between high geochemical backgrounds and anthropogenic activities. This study performed an integrated source-to-risk assessment of soil metals based on 674 topsoil samples from Guangxi karst region in China, combining three machine learning models including positive matrix factorization (PMF), random forest (RF), and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR). Geochemical characterization identified SiO₂ (63%), Al₂O₃ (18%), and Fe₂O₃ (6.4%) as dominant oxides in tested soils, with higher organic matter (3.3% content) than regional background value. A majority of 36 examined metals displayed concentrations exceeding local background values, of which Cd and Hg exhibited the highest enrichment levels (3.83 and 6.75 folds of background values, respectively). PMF revealed distinct source patterns across land-use types, with natural weathering dominating in forest land, and agricultural inputs prevailing in grasslands. Riparian land was primarily influenced by traffic-related anthropogenic activities, while construction land was dominated by industrial and mining/smelting sources. PMF-RF-MGWR modeling demonstrated pronounced spatial heterogeneity with contamination hotspots being mainly concentrated in industrial- and mining-intensive areas of central-western Guangxi. Notably, karst weathering increased soil metal mobility, while secondary carbonate mineral formation contributed to immobilization of Cd and Pb. Health risk assessment identified As, Cr and Ni as priority contaminants, and their presence in industrial zones posed unacceptable carcinogenic risks. Our findings underscore the role of the interplay between geological processes and anthropogenic activities in shaping metal distribution, providing valuable references for targeted soil management and contaminated land remediation in karst regions.

由于高地球化学背景与人为活动的相互作用，喀斯特生态系统重金属污染具有很大的环境风险。本研究基于广西喀斯特地区674个表层土壤样品，结合正矩阵分解（PMF）、随机森林（RF）和多尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）三种机器学习模型，对土壤金属进行了综合源-风险评估。地球化学表征表明，SiO2（63%）、Al2O3（18%）和Fe2O3（6.4%）为主要氧化物，有机质含量（3.3%）高于区域背景值。36种被检查的金属中，大多数的浓度超过了当地的背景值，其中镉和汞的富集程度最高（分别是背景值的3.83倍和6.75倍）。PMF在不同土地利用类型中呈现出不同的来源模式，林地以自然风化为主，草原以农业投入为主。河岸用地主要受交通相关人为活动的影响，而建设用地主要受工矿冶炼活动的影响。PMF-RF-MGWR模型显示出明显的空间异质性，污染热点主要集中在广西中西部工矿密集区。值得注意的是，喀斯特风化增加了土壤金属的流动性，而次生碳酸盐矿物的形成有助于Cd和Pb的固定。健康风险评估将砷、铬和镍确定为优先污染物，它们在工业区的存在构成了不可接受的致癌风险。研究结果强调了地质过程和人为活动对金属分布的影响，为喀斯特地区土壤管理和污染土地修复提供了有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Urban garden soils and vegetables as vectors of potentially toxic elements across Bratislava: Citywide distribution, sources, and health implications 布拉迪斯拉发城市花园土壤和蔬菜作为潜在有毒元素的载体：全市分布、来源和健康影响

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2026.100192

Edgar Hiller , Zuzana Škerliková Pilková , Lenka Filová , Martin Mihaljevič , Tomáš Faragó , Martina Vítková , Ľubomír Jurkovič

Urban gardening offers multiple societal benefits, supporting both mental and physical well-being while enhancing access to fresh, locally grown produce. However, it may also pose potential health risks due to contamination of urban soils with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including metal(loid)s. This study investigated metal(loid) concentrations in soils and homegrown vegetables from urban gardens across Bratislava (Slovak Republic) and evaluated the factors affecting their accumulation and bioavailability. Median Cu concentration in vineyard soils (51 mg kg^-1) was twice those in non-vineyard soils (25 mg kg^-1). In contrast, raised-beds gardens exhibited significantly lower concentrations of most metal(loid)s compared to ground plots (p<0.05). Soil concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn showed a positive correlation with garden age and negative correlation with distance from the historical city core (pre-1946 boundary), suggesting legacy anthropogenic inputs. Integrated analyses, including enrichment factor calculations and statistical source apportionment, confirmed that Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn in garden soils originated predominantly from anthropogenic sources; whereas, metal(loid)s such as Al, Cr, Li, Ni, and V were likely governed by natural geological processes, including variation in parent material composition. Concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Pb in edible vegetables remained below the maximum allowable limits set by EU regulations. Estimated daily intakes of all metal(loid)s, based on average vegetable consumption, were substantially below respective tolerable daily intake thresholds. Human health assessments indicated negligible non-carcinogenic risks (hazard index < 1.0) and low carcinogenic risk (< 10^–4), suggesting minimal public health concerns associated with consumption of homegrown produce or incidental soil exposure in these gardens. This study represents a comprehensive, citywide assessment of metal(loid) distribution in urban gardens within a medium-sized Central European city. It advances scientific understanding of metal(loid) dynamics in urban agroecosystems and supports evidence-based guidance to enhance public awareness of both the benefits and potential risks of urban agriculture.

城市园艺提供了多种社会效益，支持精神和身体健康，同时增加了获得新鲜的当地种植农产品的机会。然而，由于城市土壤受到包括金属在内的潜在有毒元素（pte）的污染，它也可能构成潜在的健康风险。本研究调查了布拉迪斯拉发（斯洛伐克共和国）城市菜园土壤和蔬菜中的金属（样物质）浓度，并评估了影响其积累和生物利用度的因素。葡萄园土壤中Cu的中位浓度（51 mg kg-1）是非葡萄园土壤中Cu的2倍（25 mg kg-1）。相比之下，高架花园的大多数金属（样物质）含量显著低于地面样地（p < 0.05）。土壤Cd、Cu、Pb、Sb和Zn的浓度与园龄呈正相关，与距离历史城市核心（1946年以前的边界）的距离呈负相关，表明存在遗留的人为输入。通过富集因子计算和统计源解析等综合分析，证实了园林土壤中Cd、Cu、Pb、Sb和Zn主要来源于人为源；而Al、Cr、Li、Ni和V等金属（类）则可能受自然地质过程的影响，包括母物质组成的变化。食用蔬菜中镉、镍和铅的浓度仍低于欧盟规定的最高允许限值。根据平均蔬菜摄入量估算的所有金属（类）的每日摄入量大大低于各自的可耐受的每日摄入量阈值。人类健康评估表明，非致癌风险可忽略不计（危害指数<； 1.0）和低致癌风险（< 10; 4），表明与食用自产农产品或偶然接触这些花园的土壤有关的公共卫生问题最小。这项研究代表了一个全面的，全市范围内的金属（loid）分布在一个中型中欧城市的城市花园的评估。它促进了对城市农业生态系统中金属动态的科学理解，并支持以证据为基础的指导，以提高公众对城市农业的利益和潜在风险的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Spectroscopy reveals cooperation in bacterial biofilm resistance: Cross-Fed metabolites enable less-resistant species to dominate Cd immobilization 光谱学揭示了细菌生物膜抗性的合作：交叉喂养的代谢物使抗性较低的物种在Cd固定中占主导地位

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100190

Jinzhao Chen , Chenchen Qu , Chenliao Wu , Yonghui Xing , Ming Zhang , Yichao Wu , Chunhui Gao , Ke Dai , Qiaoyun Huang , Peng Cai

Interspecies interactions within microbial biofilms play a critical role in shaping community responses to environmental stressors such as heavy metal exposure, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the cooperative behavior and Cd resistance mechanisms in dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas putida and Shewanella oneidensis, which contain contrasting resistance strategies against heavy metals. Cadmium exposure reduced bacterial biomass by 67% in mono-species cultures but only by 38% in dual-species cultures throughout cultivation in triangular flask, demonstrating enhanced resistance to Cd in the bacterial consortium. Unexpectedly, P. putida dominated the dual-species biofilms (70% of total biomass) despite its six-fold lower Cd resistance than S. oneidensis, which contributed more effectively to Cd immobilization than S. oneidensis by secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The combination of genome-scale metabolic models and X-ray absorption spectroscopy further demonstrated that bacterial cells immobilized Cd via Cd-S coordination, with S. oneidensis likely supplying sulfhydryl amino acids to P. putida, which enhanced Cd resistance and sequestration by dual-species biofilms. Concurrently, fluorescence and atomic force microscopy analysis revealed that S. oneidensis cells were encapsulated by EPS within the biofilm, facilitating survival of both species. These findings elucidate interspecies interactions in biofilms, paving the way for engineering microbial communities to enhance heavy metal bioremediation, but verification in natural environments remains essential.

微生物生物膜内的种间相互作用在形成群落对环境应激源（如重金属暴露）的反应中起着关键作用，但其潜在机制尚不清楚。本研究探讨了恶臭假单胞菌和希瓦氏菌双种生物膜对重金属抗性的合作行为和抗性机制。在三角形烧瓶中培养的整个过程中，镉暴露使单种培养的细菌生物量减少67%，而双种培养的细菌生物量仅减少38%，表明细菌联合体对Cd的抵抗力增强。出乎意料的是，尽管P. putida对Cd的抗性比S. oneidensis低6倍，但在双种生物膜中占主导地位（占总生物量的70%），P. putida通过分泌细胞外聚合物（EPS）比S. oneidensis更有效地固定Cd。基因组尺度代谢模型和x射线吸收光谱的结合进一步证明细菌细胞通过Cd- s配位固定Cd，其中s.o oneidensis可能为p.p putida提供巯基氨基酸，从而增强了双种生物膜对Cd的抗性和固存能力。同时，荧光显微镜和原子力显微镜分析显示，在生物膜内，s.s oneidensis细胞被EPS包裹，有利于两种物种的生存。这些发现阐明了生物膜中物种间的相互作用，为工程微生物群落增强重金属生物修复铺平了道路，但在自然环境中进行验证仍然是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and field trials optimize crop-based phytoremediation of soils contaminated with radioactive strontium and cesium 模型和田间试验优化了以作物为基础的放射性锶和铯污染土壤的植物修复

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100191

Tian Zhang , Shaofei Cao , Meie Wang , Siqi Liu , Yang Yang , Weiping Chen

When agricultural soils are contaminated by strontium-90 (⁹⁰Sr) and cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs), remediation is needed to ensure effective decontamination and food safety. This study developed an integrated phytoremediation framework for ⁹⁰Sr- and ¹³⁷Cs-contaminated soils in Southern China, combining field trials with a novel kinetic model that accounts for soil-to-plant transfer, species-specific sensitivity distributions, and internal human dosimetry. Field trials were conducted to generate sufficient soil–plant transfer data, which were used to parameterize and validate the kinetic model describing radionuclide migration within the soil–plant–human system. Our work is among the first to couple field-based phytoextraction data with organ-specific dose modeling. The framework enables predictive evaluation of radionuclide transfer and dose, supporting optimized crop rotations in radiologically-impacted farmland. Field trials revealed significant soil contamination, with ⁹⁰Sr activity concentrations ranging from 5.50 × 10² to 6.59 × 10² Bq·kg⁻¹, and ¹³⁷Cs levels from 3.91 × 10² to 6.16 × 10² Bq·kg⁻¹. The study found that hyperaccumulating leafy vegetables, such as cabbage and spinach, exhibited high transfer factors for ⁹⁰Sr (up to 1.47) and ¹³⁷Cs (up to 3.90), making them effective for initial soil decontamination. Low-uptake crops, such as corn and wheat, were identified as suitable for long-term sustainable cultivation, as they exhibit minimal radionuclide transfer to edible parts, thereby reducing foodborne health risks. Predicted internal effective doses from crop consumption were calculated for male and female populations, with reductions being up to 70 % in model-predicted internal radiation exposure under optimized crop selection.

当农业土壤受到锶-90 （90Sr）和铯-137 （137Cs）的污染时，需要进行修复，以确保有效的去污和食品安全。本研究结合田间试验和新的动力学模型，建立了中国南方90Sr和137cs污染土壤的综合植物修复框架，该模型考虑了土壤到植物的转移、物种特异性敏感性分布和人体内部剂量测定。田间试验获得了足够的土壤-植物迁移数据，这些数据用于参数化和验证描述土壤-植物-人系统中放射性核素迁移的动力学模型。我们的工作是第一个将基于现场的植物提取数据与器官特异性剂量建模相结合的研究。该框架能够对放射性核素转移和剂量进行预测性评估，支持在受辐射影响的农田中优化作物轮作。田间试验表明，土壤污染显著，90Sr活性浓度为5.50 ~ 6.59 × 102 Bq·kg - 1, 137Cs浓度为3.91 ~ 6.16 × 102 Bq·kg - 1。研究发现，白菜和菠菜等多叶蔬菜对90Sr（高达1.47）和137Cs（高达3.90）的转移系数很高，这使得它们对土壤的初始净化很有效。低吸收作物，如玉米和小麦，被确定为适合长期可持续种植，因为它们表现出最小的放射性核素转移到可食用部分，从而减少食源性健康风险。对男性和女性人群计算了来自作物消费的预测内有效剂量，在优化作物选择下，模型预测的内辐射暴露减少了70%。

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引用次数: 0

Creating captivating and searchable titles in technical writing: Practical guides and sample analyses 在技术写作中创建迷人和可搜索的标题：实用指南和样本分析

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100188

Lena Q. Ma, Jing Wang

A powerful title is your publication's most visible asset, serving as both a hook for broad readers and a label for search engines. This editorial provides practical guides and sample analyses to transform vague, lengthy titles into captivating and searchable headlines. We outline four common pitfalls to shun ineffective titles and provide four key strategies to create impactful titles. By adopting these principles and learning from annotated examples, you can ensure your publication captures attention and expands reach.

一个强大的标题是你的出版物最明显的资产，既是吸引广大读者的诱饵，也是搜索引擎的标签。这篇社论提供了实用的指南和样本分析，将模糊、冗长的标题转化为吸引人的、可搜索的标题。我们概述了避免无效标题的四个常见陷阱，并提供了创造有影响力标题的四个关键策略。通过采用这些原则并从带注释的示例中学习，您可以确保您的出版物吸引注意力并扩大影响范围。

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Soil pH and Fe/Al (oxyhydr)oxides govern fluoride leaching from flue gas desulfurization gypsum in acidic soils 土壤pH值和铁/铝（氧合）氧化物控制酸性土壤中烟气脱硫石膏的氟浸出

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100178

Esther Álvarez-Ayuso , Antonio Giménez , Juan Carlos Ballesteros

This study aimed to assess the dynamics of fluoride (F) leaching and the associated environmental risks of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum when applied to acidic agricultural soils. To evaluate the retention and mobility of F, batch and column leaching experiments were conducted on two representative acidic soils: a Luvisol (loamy sand texture) and an Acrisol (sandy loam texture), which were amended with FGD gypsum at application rates of 1–10 wt%. Complementary sequential extraction was performed to elucidate and quantify the main geochemical mechanisms underlying F immobilization within the amended soil matrices. The results demonstrate that the soils significantly attenuated fluoride release. Across all application rates, F leaching was reduced by > 83% compared to that of soil-free controls. Although the content of leachable F increased proportionally with increased FGD gypsum application, the concentrations in leachates remained below the World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water (1.5 mg L⁻¹) at 1–2 wt% application. At these dosages, the ecological risk quotients were consistently <1, indicating negligible chronic toxicity risks to key ecological receptors, including aquatic and terrestrial plants, and to sensitive aquatic invertebrates such as Daphnia magna. Vertical transport of F beyond the amendment incorporation zone was limited, with less than 20% of F leached to deeper soil layers at the highest application rate at 10 wt%. This restricted mobility was attributed primarily to the intrinsic geochemical properties of acidic soils, specifically the abundance of amorphous or poorly crystalline Al/Fe= (oxyhydr)oxides, along with exchangeable Al. These phases formed stable adsorption complexes with F or underwent pH-dependent precipitation upon gypsum-induced neutralization, effectively sequestering F. A secondary, albeit minor, contribution to F retention was associated with soil organic matter. Overall, the findings show that, when applied at agronomically practical rates at <2 wt%, FGD gypsum releases F that is efficiently immobilized through soil-mediated geochemical processes, resulting in low environmental mobility and minimal ecotoxicological risks, thereby demonstrating the safe utilization of FGD gypsum as a soil amendment for acidic soil reclamation.

本研究旨在评估应用于酸性农业土壤的烟气脱硫（FGD）石膏的氟(F)浸出动力学和相关的环境风险。为了评估F的保留和流动性，在两种具有代表性的酸性土壤上进行了批量和柱淋滤试验：Luvisol（壤土质地）和Acrisol（砂壤土质地），并以1-10 wt%的施用量对其进行了FGD石膏的改性。补充顺序提取是为了阐明和量化土壤基质中氟固定的主要地球化学机制。结果表明，土壤对氟的释放有明显的抑制作用。在所有施用量下，与无土对照相比，氟淋失减少了83%。虽然可浸出F的含量随着FGD石膏用量的增加而成比例地增加，但在1 - 2%的施用量下，渗滤液中的浓度仍低于世界卫生组织饮用水准则（1.5 mg L - 1）。在这些剂量下，生态风险系数始终为<；1，表明对关键生态受体（包括水生和陆生植物）以及敏感水生无脊椎动物（如水蚤）的慢性毒性风险可以忽略不计。改良剂掺入带以外的氟垂直运移有限，在最高施用量为10 wt%时，只有不到20%的氟淋滤到较深的土层。这种受限的流动性主要归因于酸性土壤固有的地球化学特性，特别是大量无定形或结晶性差的Al/Fe=（氧合）氧化物，以及可交换的Al。这些相与F形成稳定的吸附配合物，在石膏诱导的中和作用下发生ph依赖性沉淀，有效地隔离了F。总的来说，研究结果表明，当以农艺学上可行的比例（<2 wt%）施用时，烟气脱硫石膏释放的氟通过土壤介导的地球化学过程有效地固定化，导致低环境流动性和最小的生态毒理学风险，从而证明了烟气脱硫石膏作为酸性土壤改良剂的安全利用。

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