When agricultural soils are contaminated by strontium-90 (90Sr) and cesium-137 (137Cs), remediation is needed to ensure effective decontamination and food safety. This study developed an integrated phytoremediation framework for 90Sr- and 137Cs-contaminated soils in Southern China, combining field trials with a novel kinetic model that accounts for soil-to-plant transfer, species-specific sensitivity distributions, and internal human dosimetry. Field trials were conducted to generate sufficient soil–plant transfer data, which were used to parameterize and validate the kinetic model describing radionuclide migration within the soil–plant–human system. Our work is among the first to couple field-based phytoextraction data with organ-specific dose modeling. The framework enables predictive evaluation of radionuclide transfer and dose, supporting optimized crop rotations in radiologically-impacted farmland. Field trials revealed significant soil contamination, with 90Sr activity concentrations ranging from 5.50 × 102 to 6.59 × 102 Bq·kg−1, and 137Cs levels from 3.91 × 102 to 6.16 × 102 Bq·kg−1. The study found that hyperaccumulating leafy vegetables, such as cabbage and spinach, exhibited high transfer factors for 90Sr (up to 1.47) and 137Cs (up to 3.90), making them effective for initial soil decontamination. Low-uptake crops, such as corn and wheat, were identified as suitable for long-term sustainable cultivation, as they exhibit minimal radionuclide transfer to edible parts, thereby reducing foodborne health risks. Predicted internal effective doses from crop consumption were calculated for male and female populations, with reductions being up to 70 % in model-predicted internal radiation exposure under optimized crop selection.
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