Soil & Environmental Health最新文献_第3页

Rhizosphere microbiota alleviate As accumulation in maize intercropped with peanut in long-term Cd and As co-contaminated farmland 长期镉砷共染农田根际微生物群对玉米间作花生砷积累的缓解作用

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100162

Tong Wu , Hong-Xin Sun , Li-Ping Geng , Shu-Shen Yang , Pei-Ying Xue , Pei-Pei Gao , Meng-Zhen Han , Wen-Ju Liu

Root-associated microbiota play an important role in regulating heavy metal transfter from soil to crops in contaminated areas. Maize-peanut intercropping is a cultivation pattern that directly influences the composition and function of the root-associated microbiota in farmland. However, it remains unclear whether this intercropping affects the accumulation of As and Cd in the edible parts of crops by altering the root microbial community in long-term As and Cd co-contaminated farmland. A field experiment was conducted to explore the mechanisms of intercropping maize-peanut on regulating the behaviors of As and Cd in soil-crop system by recruiting the specific root-associated microbial communities. The results demonstrated that intercropping maize-peanut significantly decreased the As concentration in the grains of intercropped maize (IM) up to 61.0 % compared with monocropping maize. Specifically, at the jointing stage, IM recruited the distinct root-associated microorganisms, including Actinobacteria Lechevalieria, Nocardioides, Agromyces, and Blastococcus, and Alphaproteobacteria norank_f__Geminicoccaceae. These microbial communities were closely associated with the As bioavailability in the rhizosphere soil and As accumulation in maize tissues, especially grain-As of IM. However, intercropping maize-peanut had no significant effect on Cd concentrations in the grains of either maize or peanut. This study verified that the intercropping maize-peanut might be a better approach to guarantee the safety of crop products in As-contaminated soil, but not in Cd- or Cd-As co-contaminated farmland.

根相关微生物群在重金属从土壤向作物转移的调控中起着重要作用。玉米-花生间作是一种直接影响农田根系微生物群组成和功能的栽培模式。然而，这种间作是否通过改变长期砷镉共污染农田的根系微生物群落来影响作物可食部分砷和镉的积累尚不清楚。通过田间试验，探讨玉米-花生间作通过招募特定根系相关微生物群落调节土壤-作物系统中砷和镉行为的机制。结果表明，与单作玉米相比，玉米-花生间作显著降低了间作玉米籽粒中砷的浓度，降幅达61.0%。具体而言，在节育阶段，IM招募了不同的根相关微生物，包括放线菌属Lechevalieria， Nocardioides， Agromyces和Blastococcus，以及Alphaproteobacteria norank_f__Geminicoccaceae。这些微生物群落与根际土壤中砷的生物有效性和玉米组织中砷的积累密切相关，特别是与玉米籽粒砷的积累密切相关。玉米-花生间作对玉米和花生籽粒Cd含量均无显著影响。在砷污染土壤中，玉米-花生间作可能是保证作物产品安全的较好方法，而在Cd或Cd- as共污染农田中则不然。

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引用次数: 0

An integrated approach for determining the spatial distribution, source apportionment and human health risks of PAHs in soils of rapidly-urbanized areas 快速城市化地区土壤中多环芳烃的空间分布、来源分配及人体健康风险综合分析方法

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100161

Lingzhi Luo , Xiaoyong Liao , Huan Tao , You Li , Liang Wang , Hongying Cao , Yonghua Li , Weiwei Shi , Tianyi Wang

The rise of large urban agglomerations has exacerbated pollutant emissions, resulting in regional soil contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which jeopardizes the development of urban agglomerations and affects human health. There is a lack of research in this area in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with the existing studies on PAHs in soil in the larger region often neglecting the spatial heterogeneity of the pollution sources and systematic analysis of risk assessment. This study introduces the Distribution-Source-Risk framework, analyzed soil PAH pollutants in the region, and examined PAH sources, distribution patterns, and associated health risks. Random forest modeling was employed to map PAH distribution in the BTH soils. City classification analysis was conducted based on the derived pollution levels and urbanization degree, resulting in four city types: high urbanization and high pollution, high urbanization and low pollution, low urbanization and high pollution, and low urbanization and low pollution. Primary PAH sources include coal-burning (29%), coking (25%), traffic (25%), and biomass-burning (21%), with varying contributions based on city types. The overall order of human health risks was coal-burning > traffic > coking > biomass-burning sources. Finally, differen policies for soil PAH PAH management (such as energy transition and green infrastructure) were elaborated to promote coordinated development of regional urbanization environment. In summary, this research offers a comprehensive approach, linking processes to provide a precise understanding of pollution across different entities (cities, sources, and populations). Our findings reveal distinct pollution patterns across city types and highlight targeted mitigation priorities and provide a systematic, data-driven framework for regional soil PAH management and public health protection.

大型城市群的兴起加剧了污染物的排放，造成区域土壤多环芳烃污染，危害了城市群的发展，影响了人类健康。京津冀地区对多环芳烃的研究较少，现有的大区域土壤多环芳烃研究往往忽略了污染源的空间异质性和风险评价的系统分析。本研究引入了分布-来源-风险框架，分析了该地区土壤多环芳烃污染物，研究了多环芳烃的来源、分布模式和相关的健康风险。采用随机森林模型绘制BTH土壤中多环芳烃的分布。根据导出的污染水平和城市化程度对城市进行分类分析，得出高城市化高污染、高城市化低污染、低城市化高污染、低城市化低污染、低城市化低污染四种城市类型。多环芳烃的主要来源包括燃煤（29%）、焦化（25%）、交通（25%）和生物质燃烧（21%），不同城市类型的贡献不同。人类健康风险排序依次为燃煤和燃煤；交通比;炼焦祝辞生物质资源。最后，阐述了土壤多环芳烃管理的不同政策（如能源转型和绿色基础设施），以促进区域城市化环境的协调发展。总之，这项研究提供了一种综合的方法，将不同的过程联系起来，以提供对不同实体（城市、来源和人口）污染的精确理解。我们的研究结果揭示了不同城市类型的不同污染模式，突出了有针对性的缓解重点，并为区域土壤多环芳烃管理和公共卫生保护提供了一个系统的、数据驱动的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Navigating the challenges of spectral soil sensing: Key solutions for success 导航光谱土壤传感的挑战：成功的关键解决方案

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100160

Amin Sharififar , Nicolas Francos , Wartini Ng , Budiman Minasny , Asa Gholizadeh , Senani Karunaratne , Alex McBratney

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool in soil science, providing detailed soil information across diverse landscapes. Its potential to revolutionise soil assessment is immense; however, the path to fully globalise soil spectroscopy is challenging. Researchers aim to harness a global soil spectral library for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective soil evaluation. Yet, there are still operational challenges to be addressed to operationalise soil spectroscopy for routine analysis. We categorise these challenges into four fundamental topics: the standardisation of spectra acquisition, representation and modelling of soil diversity, complexities of soil matrix overlapping effects, and need for temporal monitoring of soils through spectroscopy. First, the variability in measurement protocols and equipment across studies hinders the comparability of results. Establishing standardised methods for spectra acquisition will enhance reproducibility and foster collaboration across the global scientific community. Second, soils are inherently diverse, reflecting a vast array of physical and chemical properties. Capturing this diversity in soil spectral libraries poses a modelling challenge. Comprehensive representation of various soil types and conditions is crucial for the successful application of spectral techniques. Third, the spectral signatures of different soil properties often overlap, complicating the interpretation of spectral data. Understanding and mitigating the effects of matrix interactions are essential for improving the accuracy of soil properties prediction. Fourth, monitoring soil conditions over time is vital for sustainable land management. Developing methodologies that allow for effective temporal assessments using spectroscopy will enhance our understanding of soil dynamics. We explore the advancements made in tackling these challenges and propose innovative solutions aimed at optimising and operationalising soil spectroscopy. By addressing these critical issues, we can pave the way for a future where soil spectroscopy is an integral part of routine soil analysis, enabling scientists and land managers to make informed decisions that promote soil security.

漫反射光谱已成为土壤科学的有力工具，可以提供不同景观下的详细土壤信息。它革新土壤评价的潜力是巨大的；然而，使土壤光谱学完全全球化的道路充满挑战。研究人员的目标是利用全球土壤光谱库进行快速，准确和具有成本效益的土壤评估。然而，要将土壤光谱学应用于常规分析，仍有一些操作上的挑战需要解决。我们将这些挑战分为四个基本主题：光谱采集的标准化，土壤多样性的表示和建模，土壤基质重叠效应的复杂性，以及通过光谱对土壤进行时间监测的必要性。首先，研究中测量方案和设备的可变性阻碍了结果的可比性。建立光谱采集的标准化方法将提高可重复性并促进全球科学界的合作。第二，土壤本质上是多样化的，反映了大量的物理和化学性质。在土壤光谱库中捕捉这种多样性对建模提出了挑战。各种土壤类型和条件的综合表征是光谱技术成功应用的关键。第三，不同土壤性质的光谱特征经常重叠，使光谱数据的解释复杂化。了解和减轻基质相互作用的影响对提高土壤性质预测的准确性至关重要。第四，长期监测土壤状况对可持续土地管理至关重要。开发允许利用光谱学进行有效的时间评估的方法将增强我们对土壤动力学的理解。我们探索在应对这些挑战方面取得的进展，并提出旨在优化和操作土壤光谱学的创新解决方案。通过解决这些关键问题，我们可以为土壤光谱学成为常规土壤分析不可或缺的一部分的未来铺平道路，使科学家和土地管理者能够做出促进土壤安全的明智决策。

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引用次数: 0

Climate-management interactions drive soil organic carbon sequestration potential in China's croplands during 2020–2060 气候管理相互作用对2020-2060年中国农田土壤有机碳固存潜力的影响

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100159

Wenfang Jiang , Ziqi Lin , Zhangcai Qin , Xinqing Lu , Wen Zhang , Qing Zhang , Sijing Ye , Huirong Li , Huilin Ge , Guocheng Wang

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in croplands plays a vital role in mitigating climate change and enhancing soil fertility. As one of the world's leading agricultural nations, China's croplands exhibit highly representative climate types, soil conditions, crop varieties, and farming systems on a global scale. Despite extensive studies on SOC dynamics, the spatial variability of SOC sequestration potential remains insufficiently quantified across China's diverse agricultural regions, which adopt varying straw management practices. This study employs a process-based modeling approach to systematically assess the dynamics and sequestration potential of SOC in China's croplands (122 Mha) from 2020 to 2060. We found that by sustaining a moderate historical management during 2015–2020 (i.e., an average of ∼37% residue retention rate in addition to traditional root residue retention and farmyard manure application), China's croplands SOC stock is projected to increase by more than 25% by 2060, corresponding to total SOC sequestration of ∼ 1650 Tg C at the national scale. Regional variability exists, with southern China (e.g., east and central, south and central, and southwest regions) contributing to ∼84% of total SOC sequestration, while northeast region has minimal sequestration potential. Carbon inputs, temperature, and precipitation are positively correlated with SOC dynamics, while initial SOC density shows a negative partial correlation with changes in SOC. This study not only characterizes the dynamics of SOC in China's croplands over the next 40 years under different carbon management practices and climate change scenarios, but also presents the pathways for achieving sustainable carbon sequestration in future croplands. Our findings highlight the importance of sustaining and optimizing straw return practices, alongside region-specific strategies, to maximize SOC sequestration and support global climate mitigation goals.

农田土壤有机碳的固存对减缓气候变化和提高土壤肥力具有重要作用。作为世界领先的农业国家之一，中国的农田在全球范围内表现出极具代表性的气候类型、土壤条件、作物品种和耕作制度。尽管对土壤有机碳动态进行了广泛的研究，但中国不同农区土壤有机碳固存潜力的空间变异性仍未得到充分量化。本研究采用基于过程的建模方法，系统评估了2020 - 2060年中国耕地（122mha）有机碳的动态和固碳潜力。我们发现，通过在2015-2020年期间保持适度的历史管理（即，除了传统的根渣保留和农家肥施用之外，平均残渣保留率为~ 37%），到2060年，中国的农田有机碳储量预计将增加25%以上，相当于在全国范围内总有机碳封存量为~ 1650 Tg C。存在区域差异，华南地区（如东部和中部、南部和中部以及西南地区）贡献了总有机碳固存的~ 84%，而东北地区的固存潜力最小。碳输入、温度和降水与有机碳动态呈正相关，而初始有机碳密度与有机碳变化呈负偏相关。本研究不仅分析了未来40年不同碳管理模式和气候变化情景下中国农田有机碳的动态特征，还提出了未来农田实现可持续碳固存的途径。我们的研究结果强调了维持和优化秸秆还田实践以及区域特定战略的重要性，以最大限度地提高有机碳封存和支持全球气候减缓目标。

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引用次数: 0

Phosphorus limitation enhances plant growth and arsenic accumulation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata: insights from insoluble calcium phytate and phosphate rock 磷限制促进as -超富集植物Pteris vittata的生长和砷积累：来自不溶性植酸钙和磷矿的见解

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100158

Chun-Yan Hu , Shufen Xiao , Daniel Menezes-Blackburn , Benjamin L. Turner , Yue Cao , Chenjing Liu , Lena Q. Ma

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, but its availability in soil is often insufficient to achieve optimum crop yield. The As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata thrives under low-P condition, with the underlying mechanisms remaining unclear. To understand the P-scavenging traits of P. vittata, we grew P vittata under three P-limiting conditions, low soluble-P, calcium phytate (insoluble organic P), and phosphate rock (PR; insoluble inorganic P), to quantify plant growth, As and P uptake, root exudates, and the gene expression of P transporters. Plants were grown under hydroponics with 50 μM As and 20 μM soluble-P, 2000 μM phytate-P, or 2000 μM PR-P, with 200 μM soluble-P as a sufficient P control. P. vittata efficiently acquired P when growing under all three low-P sources, with 76–85% greater P in its biomass compared to the sufficient P control. To acquire P from insoluble source, P. vittata secreted 1.7−2.9 fold more organic acids, including malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, and phytic acid as root exudates under phytate and PR treatments. Further, P. vittata increased phytase activity to hydrolyze phytate, showing 6.5- and 3.3-fold greater phytase activity in P. vittata roots and root exudates under phytate treatment. Besides, the frond As content rose by 275–384% when growing under three low-P conditions, possibly attributing to 1.2−5.6 fold upregulation of P-transporters PvPht1;3/1;4 in P. vittata roots. Overall, this study suggests that the effective P and As accumulation by P. vittata under P-limiting conditions is associated with its increased root exudation of organic acids and phytase, and the upregulation of its P-transporters. These findings help to enhance the effectiveness of P. vittata in phytoremediation of As-contaminated soil and improve soil P utilization by crop plants.

磷(P)是植物生长必需的常量养分，但其在土壤中的有效性往往不足以实现作物的最佳产量。as -超积累植物Pteris vittata在低磷条件下茁壮成长，其潜在机制尚不清楚。为了了解维塔塔对磷的清除特性，我们在低可溶性磷、植酸钙（不溶性有机磷）和磷矿(PR；不溶性无机磷)，以量化植物生长、砷和磷的吸收、根分泌物和磷转运体的基因表达。在50 μM As + 20 μM可溶性磷、2000 μM植酸磷或2000 μM PR-P的水培条件下，以200 μM可溶性磷作为足量磷对照。在三种低磷源下生长的维塔塔有效地获得了磷，其生物量中的磷含量比磷充足的对照高76-85%。为了从不溶性源中获取磷，植酸和PR处理下，维塔塔根系分泌物中苹果酸、琥珀酸、草酸和植酸等有机酸的分泌量增加了1.7 ~ 2.9倍。此外，维塔塔的植酸酶活性增加，在维塔塔根和根分泌物中，植酸酶活性增加了6.5倍和3.3倍。此外，在3种低磷条件下生长时，叶片As含量增加了275 ~ 384%，这可能是由于p转运体PvPht1；3/1；4在维塔塔根中上调了1.2 ~ 5.6倍。综上所述，本研究表明，在限磷条件下，维塔草对磷和砷的有效积累与根部有机酸和植酸酶分泌增加以及磷转运体的上调有关。研究结果有助于提高维塔草对砷污染土壤的修复效果，提高作物对土壤磷的利用效率。

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引用次数: 0

Accurate detection of low concentrations of microplastics in soils via short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging 短波红外高光谱成像技术精确检测土壤中低浓度微塑料

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100157

Huan Chen , Taesung Shin , Bosoon Park , Kyoung Ro , Changyoon Jeong , Hwang-Ju Jeon , Pei-Lin Tan

This study evaluated the effectiveness of coupling machine learning algorithms with short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging in detecting two types of microplastics - polyamide and polyethylene - with the maximum particle sizes of 50 and 300 μm, respectively, across three concentration ranges (0.01–0.10, 0.10–1.0, and 1.0–12 %) in soils. Using indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs; 800–1600 nm) and mercury cadmium telluride (MCT; 1000–2500 nm) sensors, we applied logistic regression and support vector machines by employing both linear and nonlinear kernels to analyze spectral features extracted via principal component analysis and partial least squares. The results demonstrated that the overall accuracy for detecting 0.01–12% microplastics was 93.8 ± 1.47% using the MCT sensor, which was higher than 68.8 ± 3.76 % using the InGaAs sensor. Both sensors showed high accuracy (>94 %) when detecting high levels at 1.0–12%) of microplastics in soil. But these accuracies greatly declined as the spiked microplastics concentrations decreased from 1.0–12 to 0.10–1.0% and further to 0.01–0.10%. Moreover, this decline was more pronounced for the InGaAs sensor compared to the MCT sensor and for sub-wavelength spans compared to the full wavelength span under each sensor. The MCT sensor consistently outperformed the InGaAs sensor across all three concentration ranges, potentially due to its extended coverage of 1600–2500 nm and high sensitivity of the detector. Our study highlights the feasibility of the MCT hyperspectral imaging system for rapid and effective detection of microplastics in soils non-invasively at concentrations as low as 0.01%.

本研究评估了耦合机器学习算法与短波红外高光谱成像在检测两种类型的微塑料（聚酰胺和聚乙烯）中的有效性，这些微塑料的最大粒径分别为50和300 μm，在三个浓度范围（0.01-0.10,0.10-1.0和1.0 - 12%）土壤中。砷化铟镓（InGaAs）；800-1600 nm)和汞镉碲化(MCT；采用logistic回归和支持向量机，采用线性核和非线性核对主成分分析和偏最小二乘提取的光谱特征进行分析。结果表明，MCT传感器检测0.01 ~ 12%微塑料的总体精度为93.8±1.47%，高于InGaAs传感器的68.8±3.76%。这两种传感器在检测土壤中微塑料的高水平（1.0-12%）时都显示出很高的精度（> 94%）。但随着微塑料浓度从1.0 - 12%下降到0.10-1.0%，再进一步下降到0.01-0.10%，这些精度大大下降。此外，与MCT传感器相比，InGaAs传感器的这种下降更为明显，并且与每个传感器下的整个波长跨度相比，亚波长跨度的下降更为明显。MCT传感器在所有三个浓度范围内始终优于InGaAs传感器，这可能是由于其扩展的1600 - 2500nm覆盖范围和探测器的高灵敏度。我们的研究强调了MCT高光谱成像系统在低至0.01%的浓度下快速有效地检测土壤中微塑料的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing whole-profile soil organic carbon predictions in croplands through a depth-resolved modelling approach 通过深度分辨模型方法增强农田全剖面土壤有机碳预测

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100156

Hangxin Zhou , Yuchen Wei , Mingming Wang , Liujun Xiao , Zhongkui Luo

Soil organic carbon (SOC) enrichment in agricultural soils plays a vital role in supporting climate-smart sustainable crop production. Process-based agricultural system models are key tools for assessing the whole-profile SOC dynamics to help identify proper agricultural management practices. However, the depth-dependent characteristics of SOC turnover are often overlooked in these models, leading to substantial uncertainties in SOC predictions. Here, we evaluated the capabilities of the Agricultural Production System sIMulator (APSIM) to predict multi-layer SOC dynamics using data from five long-term field experiments across the main wheat and maize producing regions in China. Our results suggested that incorporating a depth-modifier for SOC decay rates significantly improved APSIM's performance in predicting the vertical distribution and temporal dynamics of SOC, with the coefficient of determination (R²) being increased from 0.75 to 0.93 and relative root mean square error being decreased from 0.2 to 0.07. Specifically, the maximum SOC decay rates were predicted to decrease with increasing soil depth, though the decreasing rate varied widely across the experimental sites. This depth-resolved modelling approach has implications for predicting whole-profile SOC dynamics in response to nitrogen fertilization, tillage and residue management scenarios. Our findings demonstrate the importance of depth-resolved modelling approach to enhance the reliability of whole-profile SOC predictions, thereby informing effective management strategies.

农业土壤有机碳（SOC）的富集对支持气候智能型可持续作物生产具有重要作用。基于过程的农业系统模型是评估整体有机碳动态的关键工具，有助于确定适当的农业管理实践。然而，在这些模型中，有机质转换的深度依赖特征往往被忽视，导致有机质预测存在很大的不确定性。本文利用中国主要小麦和玉米主产区的5个长期田间试验数据，评估了农业生产系统模拟器（APSIM）预测多层有机碳动态的能力。结果表明，引入深度修正因子后，APSIM在预测土壤有机碳垂直分布和时间动态方面的性能显著提高，决定系数（R2）从0.75提高到0.93，相对均方根误差从0.2降低到0.07。土壤有机碳最大衰减速率随土壤深度的增加而减小，但各试验点的衰减速率差异较大。这种深度分辨建模方法对预测氮肥、耕作和残留物管理情景下的全剖面有机碳动态具有重要意义。我们的研究结果证明了深度分辨建模方法对于提高全剖面SOC预测的可靠性的重要性，从而为有效的管理策略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Geochemical behavior of engineered nanoparticles under biotic and abiotic processes 工程纳米颗粒在生物和非生物过程中的地球化学行为

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100145

Shunling Li , Chenghong Ao , Min Wu , Peng Zhang , Bo Pan , Baoshan Xing

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are inevitably released into the environment, causing health concerns due to their increased concentrations and negative impacts. In natural settings, organisms may encounter transformed ENPs due to their interactions with diverse environmental substances. While numerous reviews have discussed the environmental behavior and toxicity of ENPs, a comprehensive understanding of their transformation in the environment remains insufficient. This review focused on the behavior of ENPs and their transformations across various environmental compartments, including aggregation, oxidation, dissolution and vulcanization, which is essential for understanding their environmental fate, bioavailability and toxicity. The interactive mechanisms between both pristine and transformed ENPs and microorganisms or crop plants, as well as the negative and positive impacts of the transformed ENPs are discussed in details. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of ENPs on greenhouse gas emissions from microorganisms, the transformation of ENPs in crop plants, and the effects of root exudates on ENPs cycling. Through these discussions, we proposed several important considerations in the applications and implications of ENPs in the environment.

工程纳米颗粒（ENPs）不可避免地释放到环境中，由于其浓度增加和负面影响而引起健康问题。在自然环境中，生物可能会遇到转化的ENPs，因为它们与不同的环境物质相互作用。虽然许多综述讨论了ENPs的环境行为和毒性，但对其在环境中的转化的全面了解仍然不足。本文综述了ENPs在不同环境中的聚集、氧化、溶解和硫化等行为及其转化，对了解其环境命运、生物利用度和毒性具有重要意义。详细讨论了原生和转化后的ENPs与微生物或作物植物之间的相互作用机制，以及转化后的ENPs的负面和正面影响。特别强调了ENPs对微生物温室气体排放的影响、作物植物中ENPs的转化以及根渗出物对ENPs循环的影响。通过这些讨论，我们提出了ENPs在环境中的应用和影响的几个重要考虑因素。

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引用次数: 0

Role of permafrost thaw transitions in biogeochemical nitrogen cycling 冻土解冻转变在生物地球化学氮循环中的作用

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100148

Merritt N. Logan , Monique S. Patzner , Jacob P. VanderRoest , Bridget B. McGivern , Nivetha Srikanthan , Myrna J. Simpson , Amy M. McKenna , Kelly C. Wrighton , Casey Bryce , Andreas Kappler , Thomas Borch

Significant organic nitrogen (ON) stocks have accumulated in permafrost peatlands over millennia. Climate change is expected to increase peatland thaw, making this ON more susceptible to biogeochemical degradation. However, the interplay between thaw-released N and N cycling remains poorly understood. To elucidate ON composition across a thaw transition (palsa to thaw front to bog), we employed 21 T electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, we performed metatranscriptomic sequencing to evaluate microbial activity changes in N cycling pathways between the palsa and bog. We observed an approximate 10-fold increase in dissolved ON and a significant rise in ammonium concentration between the palsa and thaw front. Additionally, there was a reduction in the peptide-like fraction and an increase in the aromatic fraction of dissolved ON molecules. Dissolved ON concentrations decreased by 73 % between the thaw front and bog, while expression of ammonium-producing genes was significantly higher in the bog compared to the palsa. Our findings highlight the release and rapid compositional shift of ON during thaw transitions. This underscores the need for further studies on thaw-released N to enhance models predicting N cycling and Arctic greenhouse gas emissions.

数千年来，永久冻土泥炭地积累了大量有机氮（ON）。气候变化预计将加速泥炭地融化，使其更容易受到生物地球化学退化的影响。然而，解冻释放的氮和氮循环之间的相互作用仍然知之甚少。为了阐明解冻过渡过程（palsa→thaw front→bog）中ON的成分，我们采用了21 T电喷雾电离傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR MS）和核磁共振（NMR）光谱。此外，我们进行了亚转录组测序，以评估palsa和沼泽之间N循环途径中微生物活性的变化。我们观察到，在palsa和解冻锋之间，溶解的ON增加了大约10倍，铵浓度显著上升。此外，溶解ON分子的肽样部分减少，芳香部分增加。溶解氮浓度在解冻前与沼泽之间下降了73%，而产氨基因在沼泽中的表达量明显高于沼泽。我们的研究结果强调了解冻过渡期间氮的释放和快速组成变化。这强调需要进一步研究解冻释放的氮，以增强预测氮循环和北极温室气体排放的模型。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating cadmium-induced body burden for residents in southern China based on soil-food-urine system and physiologically based toxicokinetic model 基于土壤-食物-尿液系统和基于生理的毒物动力学模型减轻中国南方居民镉引起的身体负担

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100146

Tian Zhang , Meie Wang , Yanling Li , Guohao Xie , Yao Zhang , Yang Yang , Weiping Chen

The risks of Cd intake from dietary sources are often estimated without fully considering Cd bioavailability in food. Based on the data from paired soil, vegetable, rice and urine samples from southern China, this study quantified the transfer of Cd in the soil-food-human system. There were probabilities of 75% that the urinary Cd from local residents (3.11 ± 1.98 μg g⁻¹ creatinine) would exceed the safety threshold, with rice consumption being the largest contributor at 94%. A probabilistic physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model was used to optimize the strategies for reducing the Cd body burden through the food-blood-plasma-liver-kidney pathway. The liver (21%) and kidneys (37%) are the principal sites of Cd accumulation in the humans, with age and gender being the major controlling factors. Kidney Cd significantly correlates with urinary excretion, making urinary Cd a crucial biomarker for Cd dietary intake. Adult females who consume less rice are more susceptible to Cd exposure due to lower Zn levels in their bodies, which enhance Cd absorption. Even with lower rice consumption, the reduced Zn storage in females increases the risk of Cd accumulation because Zn normally helps reduce Cd absorption. To protect 74% of adult males and 81% of adult females from excessive Cd body burden, it is recommended that local residents consume more food rich in Zn, targeting at least 6.25 mg Zn d⁻¹ for adult females and 5.15 mg Zn d⁻¹ for adult males.

从饮食中摄取Cd的风险通常在没有充分考虑食物中Cd的生物利用度的情况下进行估计。基于中国南方土壤、蔬菜、水稻和尿液样本的配对数据，本研究量化了镉在土壤-食物-人体系统中的转移。当地居民尿Cd（3.11±1.98 μg−1肌酐）超过安全阈值的概率为75%，其中大米消费是最大的贡献者（94%）。采用基于概率生理的毒物动力学（PBTK）模型，优化食物-血浆-肝-肾途径降低镉体负荷的策略。肝脏（21%）和肾脏（37%）是人类Cd积累的主要部位，年龄和性别是主要的控制因素。肾Cd与尿排泄显著相关，使尿Cd成为饮食中Cd摄入的重要生物标志物。食用大米较少的成年女性更容易接触到Cd，因为她们体内的锌含量较低，从而促进了Cd的吸收。即使大米摄入量较低，女性体内锌储存的减少也会增加镉积累的风险，因为锌通常有助于减少镉的吸收。为了保护74%的成年男性和81%的成年女性免受过量镉的身体负担，建议当地居民摄入更多富含锌的食物，成年女性至少摄入6.25 mg Zn d - 1，成年男性至少摄入5.15 mg Zn d - 1。

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引用次数: 0