Soil & Environmental Health最新文献_第5页

Risks and benefits associated with urban green space through the lens of environmental justice 从环境正义的角度看城市绿地的风险与收益

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2024.100127

Sally L. Brown , Ganga M. Hettiarachchi

A number of factors contribute to concerns on environmental justice in urban areas. These include a lack of green space, poor access to healthy fruits and vegetables, and high exposure to environmental contaminants. Access to soils with low contaminant bioaccessibility is critical to addressing these concerns. This is complicated due to conflicting guidance on what constitutes safe soil and how to improve the quality of urban soils. This review details the basics of the hazards associated with two ubiquitous urban contaminants: Pb and PAHs. The literature on significant exposure pathways and potential bioavailability of these contaminants is discussed. Guidance and regulatory values for both Pb and PAHs are shown and vary widely. Soil concentrations of these contaminants are often exceed regulatory values. Data from studies on urban soils for contaminant concentrations and availability reduction are presented. Use of organic amendments including compost- and biosolids-based soil products, along with gardening in raised beds are acceptable practices for growing food in potentially-contaminated soils. Yield increases associated with their use has been reported. The feedstocks for these amendments are readily available in all urban areas. Because these amendments typically have lower concentrations of contaminants than urban soils, their use will decrease total concentrations of contaminants and has been shown to improve soil and ecosystem health. Bioaccessible fractions of contaminants may also be reduced. Thus, these amendments appear to be a way to safely and productively increase urban green space. In addition, the use of residual-based soil amendments will result in additional environmental benefits due to waste diversion from landfills.

有若干因素引起人们对城市地区环境正义的关注。这些问题包括缺乏绿色空间，难以获得健康的水果和蔬菜，以及高度暴露于环境污染物。获得具有低污染物生物可及性的土壤对于解决这些问题至关重要。由于对什么是安全土壤以及如何改善城市土壤质量的指导意见相互矛盾，这一问题变得复杂。这篇综述详细介绍了与两种普遍存在的城市污染物：铅和多环芳烃有关的危害的基本知识。讨论了这些污染物的重要暴露途径和潜在生物利用度的文献。显示了铅和多环芳烃的指导和调节值，并且差异很大。这些污染物的土壤浓度经常超过规定值。介绍了城市土壤污染物浓度和有效性降低的研究数据。使用有机改良剂，包括堆肥和基于生物固体的土壤产品，以及在升高的床上园艺，是在潜在污染的土壤中种植食物的可接受的做法。据报道，使用它们会增加产量。这些修正的原料在所有城市地区都很容易得到。由于这些改良剂的污染物浓度通常低于城市土壤，因此它们的使用将降低污染物的总浓度，并已被证明可以改善土壤和生态系统的健康。污染物的生物可接近部分也可以减少。因此，这些修改似乎是一种安全有效地增加城市绿地的方法。此外，由于废物从堆填区分流，使用残基土壤改良剂会带来额外的环境效益。

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引用次数: 0

editorial board member page 编委会成员页面

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2949-9194(25)00009-3

引用次数: 0

Modelling sorption and dissipation kinetics of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin antibiotics in New Zealand pastoral soils 模拟环丙沙星和恩诺沙星抗生素在新西兰田园土壤中的吸附和耗散动力学

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2024.100125

Rafael Marques Pereira Leal , Ajit K. Sarmah

Fluoroquinolones are a class of widely used antibiotics for veterinary purposes and are known to have moderate to high persistence in soil and aquatic bodies, leading to their bioaccumulation in the environment. Studies on their environmental fate are absent for New Zealand soils, which often receive animal waste effluent including poultry litter. Laboratory studies were performed to evaluate the sorption and dissipation behavior of two fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) in three New Zealand pastoral soils with and without poultry litter amendment at low and high levels (1 and 5%, w/w). Results of the batch sorption studies suggest that isotherms were best described by Freundlich model, Freundlich coefficients for the compounds varied from 312 to 62,163 g^1−N L^N kg⁻¹ in the soils, with cation exchange being the dominant sorption mechanism. Addition of poultry litter (5%, w/w) decreased the sorption affinity of fluoroquinolones to soils, which was mainly related to pH-induced changes in compound speciation. Results of incubation studies performed under aerobic conditions show that dissipation half-life was highly variable (15–378 days). A dehydrogenase assay performed as an indicative of microbial activity during incubation studies indicates that despite lower microbial activity, dissipation was faster in subsoils (30–40 cm), attributing to higher compound bioavailability due to lower sorption ability of the subsoils. Augmenting poultry litter (5%, w/w) increased dissipation, due to a combination of lower sorption and higher microbial activity. High sorption in New Zealand soils may reduce fluoroquinolone's toxicity to exposed terrestrial organisms. However, high persistence may represent a relevant antibiotic reservoir in a long term, posing risks to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem health and thus warranting further elucidation.

氟喹诺酮类药物是一类广泛用于兽医用途的抗生素，已知在土壤和水生生物体内具有中等至高度的持久性，导致其在环境中的生物积累。新西兰土壤经常接收包括家禽垃圾在内的动物粪便流出物，因此缺乏对其环境命运的研究。进行了实验室研究，以评估两种氟喹诺酮类药物（环丙沙星和恩诺沙星）在三种新西兰田园土壤中低水平和高水平（1%和5%，w/w）的吸收和消散行为。研究结果表明，等温线最适合Freundlich模型，化合物在土壤中的Freundlich系数在312 ~ 62,163 g1−N LN kg−1之间变化，阳离子交换是主要的吸附机制。添加5% （w/w）的家禽粪便降低了氟喹诺酮类药物对土壤的吸附亲和力，这主要与ph诱导的化合物形态变化有关。在有氧条件下进行的培养研究结果表明，耗散半衰期变化很大（15-378天）。在培养研究期间进行的脱氢酶测定作为微生物活性的指示物表明，尽管微生物活性较低，但在底土（30-40 cm）中耗散更快，这是由于底土较低的吸附能力导致的化合物生物利用度较高。增加家禽产蛋量（5%,w/w）增加了耗散，这是由于吸附性降低和微生物活性提高的结合。新西兰土壤的高吸附性可降低氟喹诺酮类药物对暴露的陆生生物的毒性。然而，从长期来看，高持久性可能是一个相关的抗生素库，对陆地和水生生态系统健康构成风险，因此需要进一步阐明。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling soil organic carbon content using mid-infrared absorbance spectra and a nonnegative MCR-ALS analysis 利用中红外吸收光谱和非负MCR-ALS分析模拟土壤有机碳含量

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2024.100123

Mikhail Borisover , Marcos Lado , Guy J. Levy

A new approach based on mid-IR absorbance spectra is proposed for modeling total organic carbon (TOC) content in soils. This approach involves a first-time bilinear decomposition of soil mid-IR absorbance spectra using nonnegative multivariate curve resolution (MCR) with an alternating least square (ALS) algorithm. An MCR-ALS-derived component signifies a chemically meaningful combination of soil constituents. This new mechanistic model has been developed to link the soil composition, expressed in terms of ratios of MCR-ALS-based concentration scores of the identified components, to soil TOC value. Nonnegative MCR-ALS decomposition, performed for 213 mid-IR absorbance spectra of soil samples collected in the north and south of Israel, yielded four components. Fitting the mechanistic model-derived TOC to the experimental TOC values exhibited a TOC content threshold that affected model performance. TOC content <1.0 % w w⁻¹ was represented by the root mean square deviation of 0.18% with 62% of the variance being explained, whereas for larger TOC values, a sharp decline in model performance was observed. The existence of this TOC threshold in determining model performance suggested that successful TOC modeling (below 1%) could be indirect and related to IR spectral fingerprints of minerals binding soil organic matter (SOM) and forming organo-mineral complexes. Thus, a SOM fraction having weak interactions with soil minerals was poorly accounted for in some soil samples. The dependency of the model performance on soil TOC contents suggests that it might be possible to differentiate between soil samples based on their different dominating SOM pools, mineral-associated ones and those having weak interactions with minerals. Further studies, especially in soils with high SOM content, are needed to validate our findings.

提出了一种基于中红外吸收光谱的土壤总有机碳（TOC）含量建模新方法。该方法采用非负多元曲线分辨率（MCR）和交替最小二乘（ALS）算法对土壤中红外吸收光谱进行首次双线性分解。mcr - als衍生成分表示土壤成分的化学意义组合。这个新的机制模型将土壤成分（以mcr - als为基础的鉴定组分浓度分数的比率表示）与土壤TOC值联系起来。对以色列北部和南部土壤样品的213个中红外吸收光谱进行非负MCR-ALS分解，得到四个组分。将机制模型导出的TOC与实验TOC值拟合显示TOC含量阈值影响模型性能。TOC含量<； 1.0% w w−1由0.18%的均方根偏差表示，其中62%的方差可以解释，而对于较大的TOC值，观察到模型性能急剧下降。TOC阈值的存在决定了模型的性能，这表明TOC模型的成功（低于1%）可能是间接的，并且与结合土壤有机质（SOM）和形成有机-矿物复合物的矿物的红外光谱指纹有关。因此，在一些土壤样品中，与土壤矿物质具有弱相互作用的SOM分数被认为是很差的。模型性能对土壤TOC含量的依赖性表明，可以根据土壤样品的主要SOM库、矿物相关库和与矿物相互作用弱的库来区分土壤样品。需要进一步的研究，特别是在SOM含量高的土壤中，来验证我们的发现。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling the effects of climate change on the soil-plant-atmosphere interactions: A critical review 揭示气候变化对土壤-植物-大气相互作用的影响：一项重要综述

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100130

Maria Nahin Oishy, Nigar Ahmmad Shemonty, Sadia Islam Fatema, Sadika Mahbub, Ebadunnahar Lukhna Mim, Maimuna Binte Hasan Raisa, Amit Hasan Anik

The soil-plant-atmosphere nexus is vital in terrestrial ecosystems, featuring complex feedback loops that link soil, plant, and atmospheric processes. This review analyzes the significant impacts of climate change on the soil-plant-atmosphere nexus, focusing on soil degradation, plant physiological responses, and atmospheric alterations. This comprehensive review aims to integrate current research, evaluate interdependent feedback mechanisms, and highlight the gaps in understanding the system's resilience under climatic stressors. A systematic literature analysis was done by focusing on 1) soil-plant-atmosphere nexus, 2) climate change impacts on soil dynamics, 3) climate stressors and plant responses, and 4) soil-plant-atmosphere feedback mechanisms, with specific criteria for data on extreme weather events, changed nutrient cycles, and CO₂-related alterations and temperature-related changes. Key findings reveal that climate-induced disruptions such as altered precipitation, increased temperatures, and extreme weather events weaken soil structure, damage nutrient cycling, and modify plant growth, thereby threatening agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability. Elevated CO₂ enhances photosynthesis but is counterbalanced by nutrient limitations and phenological mismatches affecting biodiversity. Feedback loops, such as those driven by decreased carbon sequestration and increased greenhouse gas emissions, amplify these effects. The review emphasizes the urgency of integrated mitigation and adaptation strategies, including the adoption of climate-resilient agricultural practices, urban green infrastructure, and renewable energy technologies.

土壤-植物-大气关系在陆地生态系统中至关重要，具有复杂的反馈回路，将土壤、植物和大气过程联系起来。本文分析了气候变化对土壤-植物-大气关系的重要影响，重点介绍了土壤退化、植物生理反应和大气变化。这篇综述旨在整合当前的研究，评估相互依赖的反馈机制，并强调在理解气候压力源下系统恢复力方面的差距。本文从土壤-植物-大气关系、气候变化对土壤动力学的影响、气候胁迫源与植物响应、土壤-植物-大气反馈机制等方面进行了系统的文献分析，并对极端天气事件、养分循环变化、co2相关变化和温度相关变化等数据进行了具体的标准分析。主要研究结果表明，气候引起的破坏，如降水改变、温度升高和极端天气事件，会削弱土壤结构，破坏养分循环，改变植物生长，从而威胁农业生产力和生态系统的稳定。二氧化碳浓度升高会促进光合作用，但会被营养限制和物候不匹配所抵消，从而影响生物多样性。反馈循环，例如由碳固存减少和温室气体排放增加驱动的循环，放大了这些影响。报告强调了采取综合缓解和适应战略的紧迫性，包括采用适应气候变化的农业做法、城市绿色基础设施和可再生能源技术。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in bioremediation strategies for PFAS-contaminated water and soil pfas污染水体和土壤的生物修复策略研究进展

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2024.100126

Ayushman Bhattacharya , Jesna Fathima , Sunith Varghese , Pritha Chatterjee , Venkataramana Gadhamshetty

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants, posing adverse impacts on water and soils due to their persistence, chemical transformations, and bioaccumulation. With over 15,000 different PFAS compounds being identified globally, their toxic effects and half-life spanning from 72 h to 8.5 years in humans are a serious concern. Bioremediation has emerged as an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective approach for PFAS degradation. However, there is still limited understanding of PFAS interactions with microorganisms and the roles of promising microbes in transforming PFAS into non-toxic end products. The knowledge about biotransformation of PFAS is essential to ameliorate the adaptation of microorganisms to local matrix and environment as well as to strengthen the natural enzymatic pathways and activities at a commercial scale, which is a major challenge. This review aims to address these gaps by providing a comprehensive analysis of recent developments in the bioremediation of PFAS-contaminated soil and water systems. The review focuses on the capabilities of phytoremediation, bioelectrochemical systems, and microbial species, including bacteria, fungi, and microalgae. Additionally, this study offers an in-depth overview of PFAS sources, their physicochemical characteristics, and their environmental fate and transport. Furthermore, it examines microbial metabolic activity, the formation of degradation intermediates, the role of co-metabolism, and the behaviour of microorganisms under PFAS stress as well as highlights future research directions. The key findings from this review include: 1) microbial community composition, field application, presence of co-substrate and cationic complexation govern biotransformation and fate of PFAS, 2) long chain PFAS are more susceptible to accumulate in the roots due to high hydrophobicity, and 3) algae-bacteria symbiotic relationships reduce microalgae growth inhibition and stimulates PFAS removal. Overall, this review emphasizes the potential of bioprocesses for large-scale PFAS bioremediation, contributing to environmental protection and mitigating the risks associated with PFAS contamination.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是新兴污染物，由于其持久性、化学转化和生物积累，对水和土壤造成不利影响。全球已鉴定出超过15,000种不同的PFAS化合物，它们对人体的毒性作用和半衰期从72小时到8.5年不等，这是一个严重的问题。生物修复已成为一种环境友好、成本效益高的PFAS降解方法。然而，人们对PFAS与微生物的相互作用以及有前途的微生物在将PFAS转化为无毒最终产物中的作用的了解仍然有限。了解PFAS的生物转化对于改善微生物对当地基质和环境的适应性，以及在商业规模上加强天然酶途径和活性是必不可少的，这是一个重大挑战。本综述旨在通过对pfas污染土壤和水系统的生物修复的最新发展进行全面分析来解决这些空白。综述的重点是植物修复，生物电化学系统和微生物物种，包括细菌，真菌和微藻的能力。此外，本研究还对PFAS的来源、理化特性及其环境命运和迁移进行了深入的概述。此外，研究了微生物的代谢活性、降解中间体的形成、共代谢的作用以及PFAS胁迫下微生物的行为，并指出了未来的研究方向。主要发现包括：1)微生物群落组成、野外应用、共底物的存在和阳离子络合作用控制着PFAS的生物转化和命运；2)由于高疏水性，长链PFAS更容易在根中积累；3)藻菌共生关系降低了微藻生长抑制，促进了PFAS的去除。总之，本综述强调了大规模PFAS生物修复的生物工艺潜力，有助于环境保护和减轻PFAS污染相关的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Zinc and cadmium release from soil aggregate of different size fractions during repeated phytoextraction with Sedum plumbizincicola: Insight from stable isotope analysis 不同粒径土壤团聚体中锌和镉的释放：来自稳定同位素分析的启示

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2025.100129

Jiawen Zhou , Jingqi Dong , Rebekah E.T. Moore , Mark Rehkämper , Katharina Kreissig , Barry Coles , Ting Gao , Peter Christie , Longhua Wu

Studies based on metal isotope changes at micro-scale interfaces within soils (i.e., between aggregates of different size fractions) can provide further insight into soil-plant interactions during long-term phytoextraction. Here, aggregate size separation was conducted on two contaminated soils that underwent phytoextraction using Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola over six consecutive seasons. The dynamic changes in Zn and Cd concentrations, chemical fractionations and isotope compositions in soil aggregates were investigated. As phytoextraction proceeded from the first (C1) to the sixth (C6) season, shoot Zn displayed a marginally heavier isotope composition despite the essentially constant Zn isotope composition of bulk soils and the 50–250, 5–50, 1–5, and <1 μm aggregate size fractions. Most likely, this results from moderate depletion of Zn in the bulk soils (by ≤ 21%) and gradual release of heavy Zn isotopes into soil bioavailable pool due to soil acidification and Zn exchange during repeated phytoextraction. Light isotopes of Cd were significantly enriched in all aggregates of different size fractions (Δ^114/110Cd_C6–_C1 = −0.14 ± 0.04 to −0.02 ± 0.04‰) with similar decreases in Cd concentrations (50–64% and 87–92% in two soils) over the five consecutive seasons. Rayleigh modelling produced similar Cd isotope fractionation factors for aggregates of different size fractions, indicating that similar mechanisms controlled Cd release from soil aggregates. In contrast to other plants preferring light Cd isotopes, Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator continuously took up heavier Cd isotopes from soils. The results were due to the enhanced root exudation to mobilize more Cd from soil solids and organic ligands excreted from roots preferentially complexed heavy Cd isotopes based on density functional theory. The different isotopic behaviours of Zn and Cd suggest different processes controlling their migration in the soil-plant system.

基于土壤内微尺度界面（即不同大小组分团聚体之间）金属同位素变化的研究可以进一步了解长期植物提取过程中土壤-植物的相互作用。采用Zn/Cd超富集植物Sedum plumbizincicola对两种污染土壤进行了连续6个季节的团聚体粒度分离。研究了土壤团聚体中Zn、Cd浓度、化学分异和同位素组成的动态变化。从第1季（C1）到第6季（C6），尽管总体土壤和50-250、5-50、1 - 5和1 μm团聚体组分的Zn同位素组成基本保持不变，但茎部Zn同位素组成偏重。这很可能是由于在重复植物提取过程中，由于土壤酸化和锌交换，土壤中锌的适度损耗（≤21%）和重锌同位素逐渐释放到土壤生物可利用库中造成的。Cd轻同位素在不同粒径团聚体中均显著富集（Δ114/110CdC6-C1 = - 0.14±0.04 ~ - 0.02±0.04‰），且连续5个季节Cd浓度下降幅度相似（分别为50 ~ 64%和87 ~ 92%）。Rayleigh模型得出不同粒径团聚体的Cd同位素分异因子相似，表明控制土壤团聚体Cd释放的机制相似。相对于其他植物对轻Cd同位素的偏好，Zn/Cd超积累体不断从土壤中吸收较重的Cd同位素。根据密度泛函数理论，这是由于根系分泌物增加，从土壤固体中动员了更多的Cd，根系分泌的有机配体优先络合重Cd同位素。锌和镉在土壤-植物系统中不同的同位素行为表明控制其迁移的不同过程。

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引用次数: 0

Stabilization of As and Sb in contaminated acidic shooting range soil with apatite mine tailings: Challenge of co-contamination 磷灰石尾矿对酸性靶场土壤砷、锑的稳定：共污染的挑战

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2024.100124

Salla H. Venäläinen , Aura Nousiainen , Minna Silvennoinen , Sanna Kanerva

Differences in the behaviors of shot-derived metal Pb and metalloids Sb and As render the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated shooting range soils challenging. Treatment methods that generally reduce Pb solubility may simultaneously increase Sb and As solubility due to pH changes and ion competition. We investigated the potential of tailings from phosphate mining, previously used to immobilize Pb, to stabilize acidic shooting range soil without incurring the risk of enhanced Sb and As solubility. In a 2.5-year field trial, the soil of a former shooting range, surface-treated with tailings consisting of phlogopite, carbonate minerals calcite and dolomite, and residues of apatite, displayed no evidence of increased Sb or As solubility. Results from a parallel laboratory-scale pot experiment, carried out with test soils from the field site, supported the findings. Under acidic conditions, dissolution of the carbonate fraction of the tailings, and the subsequent decrease in soil acidity, contributed to the release of Sb and As from organic associations and/or Al/ Fe (hydr)oxide surfaces. We concluded that the abundant Ca²⁺ ions liberated upon carbonate dissolution probably reacted with the anionic species of Sb and As to form sparingly soluble Ca-antimonates and Ca-arsenates. Moreover, the solubility of intrinsic and apatite-derived P in the test soils, initially hypothesized to compete for adsorption with Sb and As and thereby increase their solubility, also decreased after tailings treatment. In conclusion, Pb-contaminated shooting range soil was successfully stabilized with the tailings without increasing Sb or As solubility.

射击衍生金属Pb和类金属Sb和As的行为差异给金属（样）污染射击场土壤的修复带来了挑战。通常降低Pb溶解度的处理方法可能由于pH变化和离子竞争而同时增加Sb和As的溶解度。我们研究了以前用于固定Pb的磷矿尾矿在不增加Sb和As溶解度的情况下稳定酸性射击场土壤的潜力。在一项为期2.5年的实地试验中，对前射击场的土壤进行了由云母、碳酸盐矿物方解石和白云石以及磷灰石残留物组成的尾矿表面处理，没有显示出Sb或As溶解度增加的证据。用田间土壤进行的平行实验室规模盆栽试验的结果支持了这一发现。在酸性条件下，尾矿中碳酸盐部分的溶解，以及随后土壤酸度的降低，导致Sb和As从有机结合体和/或Al/ Fe（水）氧化物表面释放。我们得出结论，碳酸盐溶解释放的大量Ca2+离子可能与Sb和As的阴离子反应，形成难溶的Ca-antimonates和ca - arsen酸盐。此外，本征磷和磷灰石源磷在试验土壤中的溶解度，最初假设与Sb和As竞争吸附，从而增加其溶解度，在尾矿处理后也下降。综上所述，该尾矿在不增加Sb和As溶解度的情况下，成功稳定了铅含量超标的射击场土壤。

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引用次数: 0

Water-stable aggregation and organic matter stabilisation by native plant Acacia auriculiformis in an early Technosol eco-engineered from Fe-ore tailings 由铁矿尾矿生态工程早期技术溶胶中的本地植物金合欢的水稳聚集和有机物稳定作用

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2024.100115

Zhen Li , Songlin Wu , Yunjia Liu , Lars Thomsen , Fang You , Junjian Wang , Yuanfang Huang , Longbin Huang

Ecological engineering of Fe-ore tailings into Technosols (or soil-like growth media) offers a promising way to rehabilitate tailings without resorting to natural topsoil from other places. Among key pedogenic processes, soil aggregate formation and organic matter (OM) stabilisation are critical to the development of sustainable Technosols. The colonisation of pioneer plant species highly adaptive to infertile soils and water deficit may act as competent biological drivers to enhance these critical processes involved in Technosol formation. This study aimed to investigate the role of an Australian native plant species, Acacia auriculiformis, in enhancing water-stable aggregate formation and associated OM stabilisation using a pot experiment under glasshouse conditions. The influences of two relevant abiotic processes, including water deficit and phosphorus deficiency, on these key processes were evaluated. A. auriculiformis colonisation enhanced the formation of water-stable aggregates in the early Technosols, while the proportion of macroaggregates and microaggregates were altered differently, with the former increasing under well-watered conditions and the latter increasing under water deficit conditions. A. auriculiformis colonisation increased N-rich mineral-associated OM within the macroaggregates. In aggregates, OM stabilisation was related to interactions of carboxyl-rich organic groups with tailing minerals. The influences of water deficit and phosphorus deficiency on aggregate formation and OM stabilisation were mediated via their impacts on the growth and root functions of A. auriculiformis, including root extension, entanglement, and exudation. From these findings, the utilisation of A. auriculiformis is recommended as a biological driver to facilitate the development of early Technosols from eco-engineered Fe-ore tailings.

将铁矿尾矿转化为 Technosols（或类似土壤的生长介质）的生态工程为尾矿的恢复提供了一种前景广阔的方法，而无需从其他地方获取天然表土。在关键的成土过程中，土壤团聚体的形成和有机质（OM）的稳定对可持续 Technosols 的发展至关重要。对贫瘠土壤和缺水具有高度适应性的先驱植物物种的定植可能会成为促进这些涉及技术溶胶形成的关键过程的有效生物驱动力。本研究旨在通过玻璃温室条件下的盆栽实验，研究澳大利亚本土植物物种金合欢在促进水稳聚合体形成和相关 OM 稳定方面的作用。评估了两个相关非生物过程（包括缺水和缺磷）对这些关键过程的影响。A. auriculiformis 的定殖增强了早期技术溶胶中水稳定聚合体的形成，而大聚合体和微聚合体的比例发生了不同的变化，前者在水分充足的条件下增加，后者在缺水条件下增加。A. auriculiformis 的定殖增加了大团聚体中富含 N 的矿质 OM。在聚集体中，OM 的稳定与富含羧基的有机基团与尾矿的相互作用有关。缺水和缺磷对聚合体形成和 OM 稳定性的影响是通过它们对 A. auriculiformis 的生长和根系功能（包括根系延伸、缠绕和渗出）的影响来介导的。根据这些研究结果，建议将金合欢作为一种生物驱动力来利用生态工程化铁矿尾矿开发早期技术溶胶。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the photooxidation of water-soluble fraction of wheat straw biochar based on 21 T FT-ICR mass spectrometry 基于 21 T FT-ICR 质谱法的热解温度对小麦秸秆生物炭水溶部分光氧化作用的影响

Soil & Environmental Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2024.100114

Amy M. McKenna , Martha L. Chacón-Patiño , Holly K. Roth , William Bahureksa , Robert B. Young , James A. Ippolito , Yan Xin , Thomas Borch , Antony J. Williams , Huan Chen

Biochar, formed through the pyrolysis or burning of organic wastes, has a complex chemical composition influenced by feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and reaction conditions. Water-soluble, dissolved black carbon species released from biochar comprise one of the most photoreactive organic matter fractions. Photodegradation of these water-soluble species from wheat straw biochar, produced at different pyrolysis temperatures in laboratory microcosms, resulted in noticeable compositional differences. This study characterized water-soluble transformation products formed through the photodegradation of wheat straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300, 400, 500, or 600°C by electrospray ionization 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (21T FT-ICR MS). We also evaluated global trends in the toxicity of these water-soluble fractions using MicroTox™ to assess the impacts of pyrolysis temperature. Additionally, we examined biochar surface morphology after photodegradation and observed minimal change after irradiation for 48 h, though the total yield of water-soluble biochar species varied with pyrolysis temperature. Trends in toxicity observed from MicroTox® analysis reveal that water-soluble photoproducts from biochar produced at 300°C and 900°C are nearly three times as toxic compared to dark controls. The ultrahigh resolving power of 21T FT-ICR MS allows for the separation of tens of thousands of highly oxidized, low-molecular-weight (<1 kDa) species, showing that photoproducts span a wider range of H/C and O/C ratios compared to their dark analogs. This study highlights the impacts of photodegradation on the molecular composition of water-soluble biochar species and underscores the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the quantity and composition of dissolved organic species.

生物炭是通过热解或焚烧有机废物形成的，其化学成分复杂，受原料、热解温度和反应条件的影响。生物炭中释放出的水溶性溶解黑碳是光活性最强的有机物部分之一。小麦秸秆生物炭中的这些水溶性物质在实验室微生态系统中以不同的热解温度产生，其光降解导致了明显的成分差异。本研究通过电喷雾离子化 21T 傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法（21T FT-ICR MS）对在 300、400、500 或 600°C 高温下热解的小麦秸秆生物炭光降解形成的水溶性转化产物进行了鉴定。我们还使用 MicroTox™ 评估了这些水溶性馏分毒性的全球趋势，以评估热解温度的影响。此外，我们还检查了光降解后的生物炭表面形态，观察到辐照 48 小时后生物炭表面形态变化极小，但水溶性生物炭的总产量随热解温度的变化而变化。从 MicroTox® 分析中观察到的毒性趋势表明，在 300°C 和 900°C 温度下生产的生物炭产生的水溶性光产物的毒性几乎是黑暗对照组的三倍。21T FT-ICR MS 的超高分辨能力可分离数以万计的高度氧化、低分子量（1 kDa）物种，表明与黑暗类似物相比，光产物的 H/C 和 O/C 比率范围更广。这项研究强调了光降解对水溶性生物炭分子组成的影响，并强调了热解温度对溶解有机物数量和组成的影响。

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