Cancer reports最新文献_第9页

Oncological Outcome for 83 Consecutive Patients With Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors Treated at a Tertiary Referral Centre 在三级转诊中心治疗的83例恶性周围神经鞘肿瘤患者的肿瘤预后。

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70406

Hannah V. M. Yeomans, Kira C. Lloyd, Felix Haglund de Flon, Sharmineh Mansoori, Panagiotis Tsagkozis, Christina M. Linder Stragliotto

Background

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare soft tissue sarcomas with a high risk of recurrence and a poor prognosis, and there is a lack of knowledge regarding long-term follow-up and response to oncological treatment.

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate what treatment the patients received and to examine the outcome for patients with MPNST.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective study of patients treated for MPNST at Karolinska University Hospital between 2003 and 2022. Data regarding surgical and oncological treatment and follow-up were collected. Eighty-three patients were identified and included in the study. Tumor grade is available for 72 patients, of which 64 had high-grade tumors. Seventy-nine patients were primarily operated on. Twelve patients presented with distant metastases at diagnosis. Another 37 patients developed local recurrence or distant metastases during follow-up; the median time from surgery to recurrence was 10.5 months (1–95 months, n = 36). The overall mortality rate during the study period was 44% (n = 82). Twenty-seven patients received palliative systemic treatment. The most used therapy for first-line palliative systemic treatment was doxorubicin and ifosfamide. The disease control rate for first-line treatment was 33% (n = 21). The mean overall survival for the cohort was 132 months (95% CI 107–157 months).

Conclusion

Forty-five percent of the patients in this material were diagnosed with recurrent disease and most patients treated with palliative systemic therapy experienced brief disease control following treatment. Among patients with MPNST treated with first-line palliative oncological treatment, doxorubicin and ifosfamide have the highest disease control rates. The study also identified a few patients with long-term treatment responses, with four patients alive more than 2 years after starting palliative oncological treatment.

背景：恶性周围神经鞘肿瘤（MPNSTs）是一种罕见的软组织肉瘤，复发风险高，预后差，缺乏长期随访和肿瘤治疗反应的知识。目的：本研究的目的是调查患者接受了什么治疗，并检查MPNST患者的预后。方法和结果：这是一项回顾性研究，研究对象是2003年至2022年在卡罗林斯卡大学医院接受MPNST治疗的患者。收集手术、肿瘤治疗及随访资料。83名患者被确定并纳入研究。72例患者的肿瘤分级，其中64例为高级别肿瘤。79例患者接受了主要手术。12例患者在诊断时出现远处转移。随访期间局部复发或远处转移37例；从手术到复发的中位时间为10.5个月（1-95个月，n = 36）。研究期间的总死亡率为44% （n = 82）。27例患者接受了全身姑息治疗。一线姑息性全身治疗中最常用的是阿霉素和异环磷酰胺。一线治疗的疾病控制率为33% （n = 21）。该队列的平均总生存期为132个月（95% CI 107-157个月）。结论：45%的患者被诊断为复发性疾病，大多数接受姑息性全身治疗的患者在治疗后经历了短暂的疾病控制。在接受一线姑息性肿瘤治疗的MPNST患者中，阿霉素和异环磷酰胺的疾病控制率最高。该研究还确定了一些有长期治疗反应的患者，有4名患者在开始姑息性肿瘤治疗后存活了2年以上。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of Active Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) Infections and Patient Reported Fatigue in Ovarian Cancer Survivors 卵巢癌幸存者巨细胞病毒（CMV）和eb病毒（EBV）感染和患者报告疲劳的评估

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70380

Xuan Li, Katherine Brown, Kate Honeyfield, Devon Hunter-Schlichting, Morgan Gruner, Mark Blackstad, Mark R. Schleiss, Deanna Teoh, Melissa A. Geller, Heather H. Nelson, Rachel I. Vogel

Background

Fatigue is a common symptom reported by individuals treated for ovarian cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether fatigue following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is related to biomarkers of active cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among individuals diagnosed with ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer in Minnesota who had completed frontline chemotherapy, irrespective of current treatment status. Participants completed a survey and provided a blood sample. The primary exposures of interest were active CMV or EBV infections, determined by measuring CMV and EBV DNA levels in plasma (DNAemia). We also assessed serology-based markers of CMV infection and quantified levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), as a biomarker of systemic inflammation. Symptoms of fatigue were self-reported using the Fatigue Symptom Inventory. We examined associations between fatigue symptoms and CMV and EBV by infection status, with and without inflammation, using two-sided t-tests and multivariable linear regression models accounting for confounding factors.

Results

Among the 160 eligible participants, 64 (40.0%) demonstrated CMV DNAemia+, 56 (35.0%) had EBV DNAemia+, and 32 (20.0%) were positive for both. There were no significant associations between CMV or EBV DNAemia and fatigue. Similarly, CMV IgG and hsCRP status, alone or combined with CMV status, were not associated with fatigue scores.

Conclusion

We did not observe associations between CMV DNAemia, EBV DNAemia, or hsCRP and fatigue in this survivor population. Further investigation is needed to identify causes and indicators of cancer-related fatigue following treatment for ovarian cancer.

背景：疲劳是卵巢癌患者的常见症状。本研究的目的是确定卵巢癌化疗后的疲劳是否与活性巨细胞病毒（CMV）或eb病毒（EBV）感染的生物标志物有关。方法：我们在明尼苏达州诊断为卵巢癌、原发性腹膜癌或输卵管癌的患者中进行了一项横断面研究，这些患者已完成一线化疗，无论目前的治疗状况如何。参与者完成了一项调查并提供了血液样本。通过测定血浆中巨细胞病毒和EBV DNA水平（脱氧核糖核酸血症），主要暴露于活跃的巨细胞病毒或EBV感染。我们还评估了基于血清学的巨细胞病毒感染标志物，并量化了作为全身性炎症生物标志物的高敏c反应蛋白（hsCRP）水平。使用疲劳症状量表自我报告疲劳症状。我们使用双侧t检验和考虑混杂因素的多变量线性回归模型，通过感染状态、有无炎症来检验疲劳症状与巨细胞病毒和EBV之间的关系。结果：在160名符合条件的参与者中，64名（40.0%）患有CMV DNAemia+， 56名（35.0%）患有EBV DNAemia+， 32名（20.0%）两者均阳性。巨细胞病毒或EBV脱氧核糖核酸病毒血症与疲劳之间没有显著关联。同样，CMV IgG和hsCRP状态，单独或联合CMV状态，与疲劳评分无关。结论：我们没有观察到CMV dna血症、EBV dna血症或hsCRP与幸存者人群疲劳之间的关联。需要进一步的调查来确定卵巢癌治疗后癌症相关疲劳的原因和指标。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a Predictive Model for Large-Volume Pleural Effusion After Separation Surgery in Patients With Spinal Metastatic Tumors 脊柱转移性肿瘤患者分离手术后大容量胸腔积液预测模型的建立。

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70368

Haochen Mou, Keyi Wang, Hao Qu, Yaling Jiang, Meng Liu, Xiaobo Yan, Xin Huang, Nong Lin, Zhaoming Ye

Background

Separation surgery followed by radiotherapy has emerged as a prevalent approach for managing spinal metastatic tumors. However, large-volume postoperative pleural effusion (POPE) represents a challenging complication, as it potentially delays subsequent treatments and increases morbidity. This study aims to identify risk factors for large-volume POPE and develop a predictive model for early identification to improve patient prognosis.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 443 patients who underwent separation surgery for spinal metastases at our center between January 2014 and January 2022. High-resolution CT-based 3D modeling was utilized for accurate pleural effusion (PE) volume quantification. Variables including patient demographics, surgical details, and laboratory results were examined to identify risk factors associated with large-volume POPE (≥ 1000 mL). A predictive nomogram was developed based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Our findings indicated that advanced age, increased intraoperative blood loss, and decreased levels of preoperative serum albumin, postoperative serum protein, and hemoglobin were significant independent risk factors for large-volume POPE. The predictive nomogram demonstrated high accuracy, with a mean AUC value of 0.953 for the training dataset and 0.927 for the testing dataset, indicating reliable predictability for identifying patients at high risk for large-volume POPE.

Conclusion

Our study identified independent risk factors for large-volume PE following separation surgery in patients with spinal metastasis. The developed nomogram offers a practical tool for early identification of high-risk groups, enabling timely and targeted interventions. By reducing the risk of large POPE, this approach may shorten hospitalization and accelerate the resumption of postoperative treatment, ultimately improving patient prognosis.

背景：分离手术后放射治疗已成为治疗脊柱转移性肿瘤的普遍方法。然而，术后大量胸腔积液（POPE）是一种具有挑战性的并发症，因为它可能会延迟后续治疗并增加发病率。本研究旨在识别大容量教皇的危险因素，并建立早期识别的预测模型，以改善患者预后。方法：本回顾性研究分析了2014年1月至2022年1月期间在我中心接受脊柱转移分离手术的443例患者。基于高分辨率ct的三维建模用于准确定量胸腔积液（PE）体积。检查了包括患者人口统计学、手术细节和实验室结果在内的变量，以确定与大容量POPE（≥1000ml）相关的危险因素。在多元逻辑回归分析的基础上，建立了一个预测模态图。结果：我们的研究结果表明，高龄、术中出血量增加、术前血清白蛋白、术后血清蛋白和血红蛋白水平下降是大容量教皇的重要独立危险因素。预测nomogram具有较高的准确度，训练数据集的平均AUC值为0.953，测试数据集的平均AUC值为0.927，表明对于识别大容量POPE的高风险患者具有可靠的可预测性。结论：我们的研究确定了脊柱转移患者分离手术后发生大体积PE的独立危险因素。开发的nomogram为早期识别高危人群提供了一种实用的工具，使及时和有针对性的干预成为可能。由于降低了大POPE的风险，这种方法可以缩短住院时间，加快术后治疗的恢复，最终改善患者的预后。

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引用次数: 0

Correction to “Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes and Treatment Complications in Hairy Cell Leukemia: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis” 修正“毛细胞白血病的临床结局和治疗并发症评价：单中心回顾性分析”。

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70392

M. Garcia Fasanella, A. Mozos, J. Briones, J. F. Nomdedeu, and S. Novelli, “Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes and Treatment Complications in Hairy Cell Leukemia: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis,” Cancer Reports 8, no. 10 (2025): e70356, https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70356.

The authors would like to add an Acknowledgments section to the above-mentioned article. The Acknowledgments section is shown below:

Acknowledgments

We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support.

We apologize for this error.

M. Garcia Fasanella， A. Mozos， J. Briones， J. F. Nomdedeu， S. Novelli，“毛细胞白血病的临床疗效和治疗并发症：单中心回顾性分析”，《癌症杂志》，第8期。10 (2025): e70356, https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70356.The作者希望在上述文章中添加致谢部分。致谢部分如下所示：致谢致谢我们感谢CERCA项目/加泰罗尼亚总政府的机构支持。我们为这个错误道歉。

引用次数: 0

Exploring Challenges Related to Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Among Females in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study 探索与巴基斯坦女性乳腺癌化疗相关的挑战：一项定性研究

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70381

Rehana Sarwat, Muhammad Amir Hamza, Ayesha Azam, Bushra Batool Zahra, Muhammad Amer, Zakir Khan, Maryam Mahmood, Ali Ahmed

Background

With the increased rate of breast cancer affecting one in every nine women in Pakistan, breast cancer treatment, particularly chemotherapy, is often very challenging for patients.

Aims

This study aims to explore chemotherapy related-challenges among females in Pakistan.

Methods

Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 40 post-chemotherapy females at the tertiary care setting in Islamabad, Pakistan, from February 2024 to April 2024, using a purposive sampling technique. Each 15–20 min interview was audio recorded in the national language (Urdu), transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results

The study included women with an average age of 47 years; most were married (n = 33), had primary education (n = 13), were unemployed (n = 35), and had a low family income (n = 36). Overall, participants reported hair loss (n = 35), darkened nails (n = 26), mouth sores (n = 24), weakness (n = 21), vomiting (n = 20), diarrhea (n = 15), constipation (n = 13), and various other effects. Participants experienced significant physical challenges, psychological impact, economic strain, and informational challenges. However, coping strategies such as alternative treatments, staying motivated, managing side effects, and support from friends and family helped patients effectively deal with their chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the need for financial support programs and government interventions to enhance the affordability of chemotherapy treatment. Furthermore, this study implies that healthcare professionals improve patient outcomes by counseling them about chemotherapy and its possible side effects before the treatment begins.

背景：随着巴基斯坦每9名妇女中就有1人患乳腺癌，乳腺癌治疗，特别是化疗，对患者来说往往是非常具有挑战性的。目的：本研究旨在探讨巴基斯坦女性化疗相关挑战。方法：采用有目的抽样方法，于2024年2月至2024年4月对巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡三级医疗机构的40名化疗后女性进行半结构化面对面访谈。每次15-20分钟的访谈用本国语言（乌尔都语）录音，转录，并使用主题分析方法进行分析。结果：研究纳入的女性平均年龄为47岁；大多数人已婚（n = 33），受过初等教育（n = 13），失业（n = 35），家庭收入较低（n = 36）。总的来说，参与者报告了脱发（n = 35）、指甲变黑（n = 26）、口腔溃疡（n = 24）、虚弱（n = 21）、呕吐（n = 20）、腹泻（n = 15）、便秘（n = 13）和各种其他影响。参与者经历了重大的身体挑战、心理影响、经济压力和信息挑战。然而，诸如替代疗法、保持动力、控制副作用以及朋友和家人的支持等应对策略帮助患者有效地应对化疗。结论：我们的研究结果强调了财政支持计划和政府干预的必要性，以提高化疗治疗的可负担性。此外，这项研究表明，医疗保健专业人员通过在治疗开始前就化疗及其可能的副作用向患者提供咨询来改善患者的预后。

{"title":"Exploring Challenges Related to Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Among Females in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Rehana Sarwat, Muhammad Amir Hamza, Ayesha Azam, Bushra Batool Zahra, Muhammad Amer, Zakir Khan, Maryam Mahmood, Ali Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70381","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70381","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the increased rate of breast cancer affecting one in every nine women in Pakistan, breast cancer treatment, particularly chemotherapy, is often very challenging for patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to explore chemotherapy related-challenges among females in Pakistan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 40 post-chemotherapy females at the tertiary care setting in Islamabad, Pakistan, from February 2024 to April 2024, using a purposive sampling technique. Each 15–20 min interview was audio recorded in the national language (Urdu), transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included women with an average age of 47 years; most were married (<i>n</i> = 33), had primary education (<i>n</i> = 13), were unemployed (<i>n</i> = 35), and had a low family income (<i>n</i> = 36). Overall, participants reported hair loss (<i>n</i> = 35), darkened nails (<i>n</i> = 26), mouth sores (<i>n</i> = 24), weakness (<i>n</i> = 21), vomiting (<i>n</i> = 20), diarrhea (<i>n</i> = 15), constipation (<i>n</i> = 13), and various other effects. Participants experienced significant physical challenges, psychological impact, economic strain, and informational challenges. However, coping strategies such as alternative treatments, staying motivated, managing side effects, and support from friends and family helped patients effectively deal with their chemotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight the need for financial support programs and government interventions to enhance the affordability of chemotherapy treatment. Furthermore, this study implies that healthcare professionals improve patient outcomes by counseling them about chemotherapy and its possible side effects before the treatment begins.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12614083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145502117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-World Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Analyzing Patient-Specific Factors Influencing Survival and Response Rate 免疫检查点抑制剂在头颈部鳞状细胞癌中的实际结果：分析影响生存和应答率的患者特异性因素。

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70369

Lena Huber, Constanze Kohler, Anne Lammert, Claudia Scherl, Sonja Ludwig, Annette Affolter, Nicole Rotter, Frederic Jungbauer

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a globally significant disease with poor survival outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab have improved treatment paradigms, yet their real-world efficacy and the factors influencing treatment outcomes remain underexplored.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate real-world outcomes of pembrolizumab and nivolumab therapy in patients with HNSCC and to identify clinical and laboratory factors associated with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR).

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 45 HNSCC patients treated with pembrolizumab or nivolumab at the University Medical Center Mannheim. Patient-specific factors, including tumor characteristics, PD-L1 expression, and laboratory parameters, were assessed using Kaplan–Meier estimation, log-rank tests, and multivariate regression models. The median OS and PFS were 10.4 months and 7.4 months, respectively, with an ORR of 22%. A tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50% and absence of smoking or alcohol abuse significantly improved ORR, while female sex, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and elevated leukocyte counts were associated with inferior OS and PFS. Real-world outcomes largely aligned with the pivotal trials Keynote-048 and CheckMate 141.

Conclusion

This study underscores the predictive value of TPS and patient lifestyle factors in ICI treatment for HNSCC. The findings also highlight sex-specific differences, as well as NLR and leukocyte count as potential prognostic factors. Larger, more diverse cohorts are needed to confirm these results and refine patient selection strategies.

背景：头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）是一种全球重要的疾病，生存预后较差。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）如派姆单抗和纳武单抗改善了治疗范例，但其实际疗效和影响治疗结果的因素仍未得到充分探讨。目的：本研究旨在评估派姆单抗和纳武单抗治疗HNSCC患者的实际结果，并确定与总生存期（OS）、无进展生存期（PFS）和客观缓解率（ORR）相关的临床和实验室因素。方法和结果：我们对在曼海姆大学医学中心接受派姆单抗或纳武单抗治疗的45例HNSCC患者进行了回顾性分析。使用Kaplan-Meier估计、log-rank检验和多变量回归模型评估患者特异性因素，包括肿瘤特征、PD-L1表达和实验室参数。中位OS和PFS分别为10.4个月和7.4个月，ORR为22%。肿瘤比例评分(TPS)≥50%和不吸烟或不酗酒可显著改善ORR，而女性、高中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率（NLR）和白细胞计数升高与较差的OS和PFS相关。实际结果与关键试验Keynote-048和CheckMate 141基本一致。结论：本研究强调了TPS和患者生活方式因素对恶性鳞癌ICI治疗的预测价值。研究结果还强调了性别特异性差异，以及NLR和白细胞计数作为潜在的预后因素。需要更大、更多样化的队列来证实这些结果并完善患者选择策略。

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引用次数: 0

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Pathways in Cancer: From Psychiatric Clues to Therapeutic Opportunities 癌症中的烟碱乙酰胆碱受体途径：从精神病学线索到治疗机会。

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70387

Mohammad Hossein Azadi, Pouya Pazooki, Soheila Ajdary, Hamed Shafaroodi

Background

The prevalence of cancer poses significant challenges to treatment, largely because of drug resistance along with other side effects. Current studies have been investigating the growth factors more than other biologic tumor features, such as neurobiologic features. Here in this review, we highlight the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cancer development with their context-dependent activation and downstream effectors.

Recent Findings

Some nAChR subtypes stimulate tumorigenic pathways, EGFR/ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK, with varying responses based on the receptor subtype and tissue type. Notably, the Src kinase and MAPK pathways are common downstream effectors in lung, breast, and prostate cancers despite the variations in the predominant nAChR subunits in each cancer: α7 in lung, α9 in breast, and likely α5 and α7 in prostate tumors.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of targeting nAChRs in a context-specific manner to modulate shared signaling pathways, particularly the acetylcholine-stimulated Src/MAPK pathway. This review also calls for more investigation on other neurotransmitters and potential common pathways, as implicated by psychological reports, to advance the understanding of cancer biology and therapies.

背景：癌症的流行给治疗带来了重大挑战，主要是因为耐药以及其他副作用。目前的研究更多的是研究生长因子对肿瘤的生物学特征，如神经生物学特征的影响。在这篇综述中，我们强调了烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）在癌症发展中的作用，以及它们的环境依赖性激活和下游效应物。最近的研究发现：一些nAChR亚型刺激肿瘤通路，EGFR/ERK1/2， PI3K/AKT和MAPK，根据受体亚型和组织类型有不同的反应。值得注意的是，Src激酶和MAPK通路是肺癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌中常见的下游效应物，尽管每种癌症中主要的nAChR亚基存在差异：肺癌中的α7，乳腺癌中的α9，前列腺肿瘤中的α5和α7。结论：这些发现强调了以特定环境的方式靶向nachr以调节共享信号通路的重要性，特别是乙酰胆碱刺激的Src/MAPK通路。这篇综述还呼吁对其他神经递质和潜在的共同途径进行更多的研究，正如心理学报告所暗示的那样，以促进对癌症生物学和治疗的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Evaluation of Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 表观扩散系数在评估乳腺癌淋巴结转移中的诊断测试准确性：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70395

Amirmohammad Azizzadeh, Fahimeh Zeinalkhani, Peyman Kamali Hakim, Aida Mousavi

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for detecting lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA-DTA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, PROQUEST, and EMBASE were searched. ADC values for suspected lymph nodes in breast cancer patients were assessed, with histopathology as the reference test. Data were analyzed using a bivariate meta-analytical model with Meta-DiSc 2.0 and STATA 17. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were conducted to assess heterogeneity.

Results

Twenty-six studies encompassing 2828 participants were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of ADC value for detecting lymph node metastasis were 88.6% (CI = 82.4%–92.8%) and 83.6% (CI = 78.0%–88.1%), respectively. The area under the HSROC curve was 0.92 (CI = 0.89–0.94), indicating excellent diagnostic ability. Moderate heterogeneity was detected (prediction area = 0.369; bivariate I² = 69.9%). Field of view and retrospective study designs were identified as factors linked with higher specificity. Selection of largest nodes for analysis and participants' age were factors associated with higher sensitivity. The pooled ADC value was 1.272 × 10⁻³ mm²/s (CI = 1.150–1.394) for benign nodes and 0.874 × 10⁻³ mm²/s (CI = 0.773–0.974) for metastatic nodes.

Conclusion

ADC value is a highly accurate non-invasive diagnostic marker for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. We recommend acquisition of DWI in women less than 51 years old, with the highest b-value of 1000 s/mm², repetition time ≥ 8500 ms, field of view ≥ 350 mm, and selection of the largest node for analysis.

目的评价扩散加权成像（DWI）的表观扩散系数（ADC）对乳腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断准确性。方法根据PRISMA-DTA指南进行系统评价和荟萃分析。检索PubMed、Web of Science、PROQUEST和EMBASE。以组织病理学为参考，评估乳腺癌患者疑似淋巴结的ADC值。数据分析采用Meta-DiSc 2.0和STATA 17双变量元分析模型。采用meta回归和亚组分析来评估异质性。结果纳入26项研究，共2828名受试者。ADC值检测淋巴结转移的敏感性和特异性分别为88.6% （CI = 82.4% ~ 92.8%）和83.6% （CI = 78.0% ~ 88.1%）。HSROC曲线下面积为0.92 (CI = 0.89 ~ 0.94)，诊断能力较好。存在中度异质性（预测面积= 0.369；双变量I2 = 69.9%）。视野和回顾性研究设计被确定为与更高特异性相关的因素。选择分析的最大节点和参与者的年龄是与较高敏感性相关的因素。良性淋巴结的综合ADC值为1.272 × 10−3 mm2/s (CI = 1.150 ~ 1.394)，转移淋巴结的综合ADC值为0.874 × 10−3 mm2/s （CI = 0.773 ~ 0.974）。结论ADC值是一种准确、无创的乳腺癌淋巴结转移诊断指标。我们建议小于51岁的女性进行DWI采集，最高b值为1000 s/mm2，重复时间≥8500 ms，视场≥350 mm，选择最大的节点进行分析。

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引用次数: 0

ICIs Exceptional Long Response in TNBC: Addressing the Issue of Optimal ICIs Duration. Two Cases and Review of the Literature TNBC中ICIs异常长响应：解决最佳ICIs持续时间问题。两个案例及文献回顾。

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70397

Simone Rota, Carolina Sciortino, Silvia Damian, Matteo Duca, Giorgia Villa, Matteo De Monte, Elisabella Ebrahem, Laura Cattaneo, Chiara Volpi, Alessandra Casale, Diletta Sorrentino, Sara Pessina, Antonia Martinetti, Filippo De Braud, Sara Cresta

Background

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being an aggressive subtype associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. TNBC is known for its immunogenic characteristics, including high genetic instability and elevated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown efficacy in TNBC treatment, but the optimal treatment duration in case of prolonged response remains unclear.

Case

This case series here reported presents two patients with metastatic TNBC who demonstrated an excellent response to ICI therapy. The first patient, a 60-year-old, was enrolled in a Phase I clinical trial and received a combination of anti-PD-1, anti-LAG-3, and anti-CSF-1 monoclonal antibodies. The second patient, a 45-year-old with BRCA1-mutated TNBC, participated in a Phase II trial and received a combination of avelumab (anti-PD-L1) and talazoparib (PARP inhibitor). Both patients achieved a complete radiological response (CR), which has been maintained for 5 years. A literature review performed here identified seven additional long-term ICI responders in metastatic TNBC. While ICIs showed significant efficacy in some patients, variability in PD-L1 expression and TILs suggests that other factors may influence response. Two patients in previous studies discontinued ICIs after 2 years without progression, prompting questions about the optimal treatment duration.

Conclusion

ICIs optimal treatment duration remains uncertain. Literature on metastatic melanoma suggests that discontinuing ICIs after a complete response rarely leads to recurrence. Prospective studies and emerging biomarkers, such as circulating tumor DNA, may help tailor treatment decisions.

背景：乳腺癌是女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因，三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是一种侵袭性亚型，预后差，治疗选择有限。TNBC以其免疫原性特征而闻名，包括高度遗传不稳定性和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（til）升高。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）在TNBC治疗中已显示出疗效，但在反应延长的情况下，最佳治疗时间仍不清楚。病例：本病例系列报告了两例转移性TNBC患者，他们对ICI治疗表现出极好的反应。第一名患者是一名60岁的患者，参加了一项I期临床试验，并接受了抗pd -1、抗lag -3和抗csf -1单克隆抗体的联合治疗。第二名患者是一名45岁的brca1突变TNBC患者，参加了一项II期试验，并接受了avelumab（抗pd - l1）和talazoparib （PARP抑制剂）的联合治疗。两例患者均达到完全放射反应（CR），并维持了5年。在这里进行的一项文献综述中发现了7例转移性TNBC的长期ICI应答者。虽然ICIs在一些患者中显示出显著的疗效，但PD-L1表达和TILs的变异性表明，其他因素可能影响疗效。在先前的研究中，有两名患者在2年后停止使用ICIs，没有进展，这引发了关于最佳治疗时间的问题。结论：ICIs的最佳治疗时间尚不确定。关于转移性黑色素瘤的文献表明，完全缓解后停用ICIs很少会导致复发。前瞻性研究和新兴的生物标志物，如循环肿瘤DNA，可能有助于制定治疗决策。

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引用次数: 0

Precision Diagnosis and Individualized Therapy of Non-Gestational Choriocarcinoma Invading the Corpus Uteri and Cervix: A Case Report and Literature Review 侵袭子宫和子宫颈的非妊娠期绒毛膜癌的精确诊断和个体化治疗：1例报告并文献复习。

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Cancer reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70393

Jiahui Ma, Fenghua Ma, Tingting Chen, Xin Lu, Yan Du, Xiaoni Yue

Background

Non-gestational choriocarcinoma (NGCC) is a rare type of malignant tumor. Primary lesions are typically detected in the ovary and rarely invade the corpus uteri and cervix. NGCC usually has a poor prognosis due to the difficulty in achieving early and accurate diagnoses because of its rarity.

Case

This case described a female who was initially diagnosed with gestational choriocarcinoma and treated with EMA-CO chemotherapy. However, subsequent short tandem repeat (STR) analysis confirmed the diagnosis as NGCC, prompting surgical intervention. Given her favorable response and after thorough communication, three additional cycles of EMA-CO chemotherapy were recommended. At her last follow-up, her human chorionic gonadotropin level had normalized.

Conclusion

This case presents a rare instance of NGCC with simultaneous uterine and cervical involvement, confirmed by STR analysis and successfully managed with the EMA-CO regime. It highlights the necessity of precise diagnosis and personalized treatment for effective management of this disease.

背景：非妊娠期绒毛膜癌（NGCC）是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤。原发性病变通常在卵巢发现，很少侵犯子宫体和子宫颈。由于其罕见，难以获得早期和准确的诊断，NGCC通常预后较差。病例：本病例描述了一位最初被诊断为妊娠绒毛膜癌的女性，并接受了EMA-CO化疗。然而，随后的短串联重复（STR）分析证实诊断为NGCC，促使手术干预。鉴于她的良好反应，并经过充分的沟通，建议再进行三个周期的EMA-CO化疗。在最后一次随访中，她的人绒毛膜促性腺激素水平已恢复正常。结论：本病例为罕见的同时累及子宫和宫颈的NGCC，经STR分析证实，采用EMA-CO方案治疗成功。它强调了精确诊断和个性化治疗对于有效治疗这种疾病的必要性。

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引用次数: 0