Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1156A
M. Sodeoka
{"title":"Development of Intracellular Signal Transduction Modulators","authors":"M. Sodeoka","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1156A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1156A","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9443,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan","volume":"18 1","pages":"1156-1157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82509878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1156
T. Yasumoto
{"title":"Chemistry and Etiology of Marine Toxins","authors":"T. Yasumoto","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9443,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan","volume":"142 1","pages":"1156-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77486782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1163A
S. Shimizu
Over the past decade, the industrial useofmicrobial functions, suchas their unique enzyme systems, catalysis and so on,has developed rapidly and is gathering increasing attention,particularly their use in solving environmental problems.Here,several unique microbial enzymes or reactions recently discovered in ou n l aboratory and nowused industrially are introduced, through which I will emphasize importance of screeningfor potential microorganisms and mutual collaboration between academia and industries. Screening is a key step in process devel opment,because,in many cases,the substrates in industrial processes are artificial compounds,and enzymes known tocatalyze suitable reactions for such processes are still unknown.Therefore,screening for novel enzymes that are capable of catalyzing new reactions is constantly needed.In addition,the discovery of new enzymes sometimes provides clues for designing new enaymatic processes.One of the most efficient and successf ulmeans of finding new enzymes is to screen a large number of microorganisms,because of their characteristic diversity and versatility.However,it is obviously very difficu It to propose rational method of screening for novel enzymes;It is solnething like midnight-walk without moonlight.There are three important stages in ageneral strategy:(1)designing the process and deciding the type of enzymatic activity desired;(2)deciding which groups of microorganisms are to be selected and screened;and(3)designing an appropriate,convenient and sensitive assay thatwill allow as many microorganisms as possible to be screened.It is also important,during the course of screening,to observe the functions of microorganisms carefu!ly in order to obtain the desired(but serendipitoes or random)result.
{"title":"Screening and Development of Unique Microbial Functions and Their Industrial Applications","authors":"S. Shimizu","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1163A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1163A","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, the industrial useofmicrobial functions, suchas their unique enzyme systems, catalysis and so on,has developed rapidly and is gathering increasing attention,particularly their use in solving environmental problems.Here,several unique microbial enzymes or reactions recently discovered in ou n l aboratory and nowused industrially are introduced, through which I will emphasize importance of screeningfor potential microorganisms and mutual collaboration between academia and industries. Screening is a key step in process devel opment,because,in many cases,the substrates in industrial processes are artificial compounds,and enzymes known tocatalyze suitable reactions for such processes are still unknown.Therefore,screening for novel enzymes that are capable of catalyzing new reactions is constantly needed.In addition,the discovery of new enzymes sometimes provides clues for designing new enaymatic processes.One of the most efficient and successf ulmeans of finding new enzymes is to screen a large number of microorganisms,because of their characteristic diversity and versatility.However,it is obviously very difficu It to propose rational method of screening for novel enzymes;It is solnething like midnight-walk without moonlight.There are three important stages in ageneral strategy:(1)designing the process and deciding the type of enzymatic activity desired;(2)deciding which groups of microorganisms are to be selected and screened;and(3)designing an appropriate,convenient and sensitive assay thatwill allow as many microorganisms as possible to be screened.It is also important,during the course of screening,to observe the functions of microorganisms carefu!ly in order to obtain the desired(but serendipitoes or random)result.","PeriodicalId":9443,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan","volume":"122 1","pages":"1163-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80057489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1162
T. Osawa
In 1984, "Functional Foods Project" started in Japan to prevent the so-called life-style related diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, allergies, can cer, and even some kinds of infectious diseases. In 1992, a new academic research project entitled "Analy sis and Molecular Design of Functional Foods" has been created by 59 research teams from 23 Universi ties. The design and construction of "Functional Foods" would be positioned to use for targeting to enrich the concentration of the quantities of functional food components, or to remove some unfavorable toxic components. In 1990, "Designer foods" project started in USA, and new concept, "Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention," has been created. In 1995, Interna -tional Conference entitled "Food Factors for Cancer prevention" was organized in Hamamatsu and more than 1000 participants attended this conference. ICoFF '99 and ICoFF '03 were held in Kyoto and Tokyo , respectively, and concept of "Food Factors" has been proposed not only for cancer prevention but also for health promotion and disease prevention. Although "physiological function" means many different types of biological activities, much attention has been focused on prevention of oxidative stress and modification of immune systems. Our research group has been involved in developing novel and convenient evaluation systems for oxidative stress by application of immunochemical methods to prevent the life-style resystems for oxidative stress by application of immu nochemical methods to prevent the life-style related diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Oxidative stress may cause free radical chain reactions to produce deleterious modifications in membranes, proteins, enzymes and DNAs, and we have developed more than 30 different monoclonal and polyclonal anti bodies which are specific these oxidatively modified lipids, proteins, phospholipids and nucleonic acids etc. April 2003, eight major food companies in Japan started to create a new consortium by collaboration with Profs. T. Yoshikawa (Kyoto Pref. Univ. Med.), S. Arai (Tokyo Agr. Univ.) and myself. The main purpose of this consortium is to find novel protein biomarkers that are specific to life-style related diseases and de velop "Antibody Chips" for detection and quantific (Nagoya University Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences)
{"title":"Chemistry and Function of Antioxidative Food Factors in Disease Prevention","authors":"T. Osawa","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1162","url":null,"abstract":"In 1984, \"Functional Foods Project\" started in Japan to prevent the so-called life-style related diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, allergies, can cer, and even some kinds of infectious diseases. In 1992, a new academic research project entitled \"Analy sis and Molecular Design of Functional Foods\" has been created by 59 research teams from 23 Universi ties. The design and construction of \"Functional Foods\" would be positioned to use for targeting to enrich the concentration of the quantities of functional food components, or to remove some unfavorable toxic components. In 1990, \"Designer foods\" project started in USA, and new concept, \"Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention,\" has been created. In 1995, Interna -tional Conference entitled \"Food Factors for Cancer prevention\" was organized in Hamamatsu and more than 1000 participants attended this conference. ICoFF '99 and ICoFF '03 were held in Kyoto and Tokyo , respectively, and concept of \"Food Factors\" has been proposed not only for cancer prevention but also for health promotion and disease prevention. Although \"physiological function\" means many different types of biological activities, much attention has been focused on prevention of oxidative stress and modification of immune systems. Our research group has been involved in developing novel and convenient evaluation systems for oxidative stress by application of immunochemical methods to prevent the life-style resystems for oxidative stress by application of immu nochemical methods to prevent the life-style related diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Oxidative stress may cause free radical chain reactions to produce deleterious modifications in membranes, proteins, enzymes and DNAs, and we have developed more than 30 different monoclonal and polyclonal anti bodies which are specific these oxidatively modified lipids, proteins, phospholipids and nucleonic acids etc. April 2003, eight major food companies in Japan started to create a new consortium by collaboration with Profs. T. Yoshikawa (Kyoto Pref. Univ. Med.), S. Arai (Tokyo Agr. Univ.) and myself. The main purpose of this consortium is to find novel protein biomarkers that are specific to life-style related diseases and de velop \"Antibody Chips\" for detection and quantific (Nagoya University Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences)","PeriodicalId":9443,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan","volume":"22 1","pages":"1162-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82641699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1164
R. Doi
{"title":"Microbial Biotechnology and Future Applications","authors":"R. Doi","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9443,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan","volume":"13 1","pages":"1164-1165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83399016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1161
M. F. Dilworth
{"title":"U. S. Plant Science Research: Trends and Future Directions","authors":"M. F. Dilworth","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9443,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan","volume":"49 1","pages":"1161-1161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82232311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1163
T. Matsuzaki
{"title":"Biological Activities of Lactobacillus casei through the Regulation of Host Immune Function","authors":"T. Matsuzaki","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.1163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9443,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan","volume":"19 1","pages":"1163-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81671783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of domestic glutinous rice cultivars by the PCR method using grains of 18 typical glutinous rice cultivars as sample and development of technology for detection of different kind grain incorporation in glutinous rice processed foodstuffs","authors":"Sumiko Nakamura, Keitarou Suzuki, K. Haraguchi, K. Yoza, T. Okunishi, Takaaki Matsui, Kazuhiko Ishizaki, Youichi Yoshii, K. Ohtsubo","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.984","url":null,"abstract":"糯加工品において,ワキシーコーンなどの異種穀類を検出する技術の開発が,食品表示への信頼の向上と,品質の向上に必要と考えられ,異種穀類(トウモロコシ,大麦)検出のためのプライマーの開発を行いPCR法でこれらの穀類の検出を可能とした.また糯加工品であるあられは,餅の製造工程に,「焼き」の工程が入りDNA抽出が困難とされていたが,酵素法を改良することにより純度の高いDNAが得られ, PCR法によって原料米および異種穀類の検出が可能になった.また作付け上位18品種の糯米の品種判別をPCR法によって確立した. (1) 米・トウモロコシ・大麦のGBSS遺伝子の相違部分でプライマーを設計することにより, PCR法によって糯加工品中の異種穀類の混入検出が可能になった. (2) トウモロコシ・大麦に特有の貯蔵タンパク質に着目し,その遺伝子の塩基配列に特有のプライマーを設計することにより, PCR法による糯加工品の異種穀類検出が可能になった. (3) 改良した酵素法により糯米加工品のあられから純度の高いDNAが抽出・精製され, PCR法による異種穀類の混入検出が可能になった. (4) 新たに開発したSTS化プライマーと, STS化プライマーによるマルチプレックスPCRにより,国内産糯米18品種の品種判別技術が確立された.","PeriodicalId":9443,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan","volume":"56 1","pages":"984-993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88680139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.460
T. Kitahara
{"title":"Studies on the synthesis of natural organic compounds with remarkable biological activities","authors":"T. Kitahara","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9443,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan","volume":"14 1","pages":"460-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72906275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differentiation and search for palatability-factors of world-wide rice grains by PCR method","authors":"Sumiko Nakamura, H. Okadome, K. Yoza, K. Haraguchi, T. Okunishi, Keitarou Suzuki, H. Satoh, K. Ohtsubo","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.78.764","url":null,"abstract":"米の食味に品種が強く影響することはよく知られているが,品種特性はDNAによって規定される.そこで,本研究では,これまでに蓄積した品種判別用の各種プライマーおよび新たに開発したデンプン特性やタンパク質組成に関係するプライマーを用いるPCRを利用したDNA食味推定技術の開発を目的に研究を行い,以下の結果を得た. (1)米の主成分であるデンプンの特徴は米の食味に強くかかわっているので,結合型デンプン合成酵素,可溶性デンプン合成酵素,枝作り酵素,枝切り酵素などに関係するプライマーを用いたPCRによって各種の米から抽出した鋳型DNAを増幅し,インド型あるいは日本型系統の比較を行い, DBEなどの部分配列が両者の間で相違していることを見いだした. (2)米タンパク質の主成分である,グルテリンおよびプロラミンに関係するプライマーを使用したPCRの結果,グルテリン関連遺伝子の一部がインド型米と日本型米で相違していることを見いだした. (3)これらのプライマーを用いたPCRによって増幅される識別DNAバンドの出現の有無を1(出現)あるいは0(出現せず)と2値化し,説明変数とした.一方,食味の構成要因である,アミロース含量,タンパク質含量,米飯付着量および精米粉糊化特性を目的変数とし,重回帰分析によって重相関係数が,それぞれ0.92, 0.81, 0.93, 0.84の推定式を作製した.これらの推定式について,未知試料を用いて検討し,適用性を確かめた.","PeriodicalId":9443,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan","volume":"315 1","pages":"764-779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80091563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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