WYCKOFF, PETER H. AND SARA L. WEBB (Biology Department, Drew University, Madison NJ 07940). Understory influence of the invasive Norway maple (Acer platanoides). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123:197-205. 1996.Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is invasive within a Fagus grandifolia-Acer saccharum-Quercus spp. forest preserve in New Jersey. To assess the community-level consequences of this invasion, we compared understory composition, richness, and structure beneath canopies of invasive Acer platanoides and of native Acer saccharum and Fagus grandifolia. Understory species richness was significantly lower beneath Acer platanoides and highest beneath Fagus grandifolia. Stem densities were high beneath Acer platanoides but consisted primarily of its own seedlings and saplings. When these Acer platanoides stems were removed from the analysis, there was a trend toward lower stem densities beneath the exotic tree compared with the native canopies. Individual shrub and forb species were too patchy for any canopy affinities to demonstrate significance within this small forest preserve, with two exceptions: Epifagus virginiana, a beech (Fagus) root parasite, was less abundant under Acer platanoides than under either Fagus grandifolia or Acer saccharum; and the shrub Lindera benzoin was less abundant under Acer platanoides and Fagus grandifolia than under Acer saccharum. Among tree seedlings, the exotic Acer platanoides far outnumbered all others, beneath its own canopy and also beneath the two native trees. A surprising paucity of Fagus grandifolia reproduction seems unrelated to the biological invasion. Acer saccharum has some prospects for self-replacement judging from sapling distributions but has sparse reproduction under the other canopy species relative to its exotic congener.
{"title":"Understory influence of the invasive Norway maple (Acer platanoides).","authors":"P. Wyckoff, S. Webb","doi":"10.2307/2996795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996795","url":null,"abstract":"WYCKOFF, PETER H. AND SARA L. WEBB (Biology Department, Drew University, Madison NJ 07940). Understory influence of the invasive Norway maple (Acer platanoides). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123:197-205. 1996.Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is invasive within a Fagus grandifolia-Acer saccharum-Quercus spp. forest preserve in New Jersey. To assess the community-level consequences of this invasion, we compared understory composition, richness, and structure beneath canopies of invasive Acer platanoides and of native Acer saccharum and Fagus grandifolia. Understory species richness was significantly lower beneath Acer platanoides and highest beneath Fagus grandifolia. Stem densities were high beneath Acer platanoides but consisted primarily of its own seedlings and saplings. When these Acer platanoides stems were removed from the analysis, there was a trend toward lower stem densities beneath the exotic tree compared with the native canopies. Individual shrub and forb species were too patchy for any canopy affinities to demonstrate significance within this small forest preserve, with two exceptions: Epifagus virginiana, a beech (Fagus) root parasite, was less abundant under Acer platanoides than under either Fagus grandifolia or Acer saccharum; and the shrub Lindera benzoin was less abundant under Acer platanoides and Fagus grandifolia than under Acer saccharum. Among tree seedlings, the exotic Acer platanoides far outnumbered all others, beneath its own canopy and also beneath the two native trees. A surprising paucity of Fagus grandifolia reproduction seems unrelated to the biological invasion. Acer saccharum has some prospects for self-replacement judging from sapling distributions but has sparse reproduction under the other canopy species relative to its exotic congener.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"123 1","pages":"197-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996795","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WYATr, R. (Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602), C. T IVEY AND S. R. LiPOW (Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602). The breeding system of desert milkweed, Asclepias subulata. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 180-183. 1996.-Like most other species of Asclepias, A. subulata is largely genetically self-incompatible; of 99 cross-pollinations, 15 were successful, versus only 1 of 99 self-pollinations. The number of apparently viable seeds per cross-pollinated fruit was unexpectedly variable and low, averaging 98.5, as was percent seed germination, which averaged 58.3%. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that self-pollen tubes grew as rapidly as outcross-pollen tubes and entered the micropyles of ovules within the ovary. It appears that this unusual late-acting form of self-incompatibility, which is characteristic of milkweeds, arose early in the basal Asclepiadaceae/Apocynaceae clade and has been retained in both morphologically plesiomorphic and apomorphic lineages.
WYATr, R.(美国佐治亚大学生态学研究所，雅典，佐治亚州30602)，C. T . IVEY, S. R. LiPOW(美国佐治亚大学植物系，雅典，佐治亚州30602)。沙漠马利筋(Asclepias subulata)的繁殖系统。公牛。托里机器人。俱乐部123:180-183。1996.像大多数其他种类的Asclepias一样，A. subulata在基因上很大程度上是自交不亲和的;在99次异花授粉中，15次成功，而99次自花授粉中只有1次成功。每个异花授粉的果实中明显有活力的种子数量出乎意料地变化和低，平均为98.5个，种子发芽率也很低，平均为58.3%。荧光显微镜观察发现，自交花粉管的生长速度与异交花粉管一样快，并进入子房内胚珠的珠孔。乳草的这种不寻常的晚期自交不亲和形式似乎出现在早期的基础Asclepiadaceae/Apocynaceae分支中，并保留在形态上的多形和无形谱系中。
{"title":"The breeding system of desert milkweed, Asclepias subulata","authors":"R. Wyatt, C. Ivey, S. Lipow, C. Ivey","doi":"10.2307/2996792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996792","url":null,"abstract":"WYATr, R. (Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602), C. T IVEY AND S. R. LiPOW (Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602). The breeding system of desert milkweed, Asclepias subulata. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 180-183. 1996.-Like most other species of Asclepias, A. subulata is largely genetically self-incompatible; of 99 cross-pollinations, 15 were successful, versus only 1 of 99 self-pollinations. The number of apparently viable seeds per cross-pollinated fruit was unexpectedly variable and low, averaging 98.5, as was percent seed germination, which averaged 58.3%. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that self-pollen tubes grew as rapidly as outcross-pollen tubes and entered the micropyles of ovules within the ovary. It appears that this unusual late-acting form of self-incompatibility, which is characteristic of milkweeds, arose early in the basal Asclepiadaceae/Apocynaceae clade and has been retained in both morphologically plesiomorphic and apomorphic lineages.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"123 1","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Icones Pleurothallidium. XII. Systematics of Brachionidium. Addenda to Dresslerella, Platystele and Porroglossum (Orchidaceae).","authors":"K. Barringer, C. Luer","doi":"10.2307/2996801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996801","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"123 1","pages":"249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Manual of California Vegetation.","authors":"A. Greller, J. O. Sawyer, T. Keeler-Wolf","doi":"10.2307/2996802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"123 1","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Costich, Beryl Robichaud Collins, Karl H. Anderson
{"title":"Plant Communities of New Jersey: A Study in Landscape Diversity. Revised Edition of Vegetation of New Jersey.","authors":"D. Costich, Beryl Robichaud Collins, Karl H. Anderson","doi":"10.2307/2996803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996803","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"123 1","pages":"251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
amine the roles of seed and microsite limitation in determining the microdistribution of the federally-threatened plant, Amphianthus pusillus. Microhabitat variables such as soil depth, maximum water depth, soil texture, soil nutrient status, and number and fecundity of Diamorpha smallii plants correlated poorly with Amphianthus density and fecundity. Density-fecundity relationships were explored by thinning dense populations of young Amphianthus. Mean capsule production/plant declined at densities greater than 1.4 plants/10 cm2, indicating strong intraspecific competition. Capsule production per plot was constant at densities greater than 7.1 plants/10 cm2. Transplanted A. pusillus were significantly less likely to survive to produce seeds when placed in nonAmphianthus pools compared with plants transplanted into Amphianthus-containing pools, implying that microsite limitation occurred. However, 33% of the plots in non-Amphianthus pools produced capsule-bearing plants, indicating that unoccupied suitable habitat may exist and that the distribution of A. pusillus may also be dispersal-limited.
{"title":"Microhabitat requirements and seed/microsite limitation of the rare granite outcrop endemic Amphianthus pusillus (Scrophulariaceae)1","authors":"J. Hilton, R. Boyd, R. Boyd","doi":"10.2307/2996794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996794","url":null,"abstract":"amine the roles of seed and microsite limitation in determining the microdistribution of the federally-threatened plant, Amphianthus pusillus. Microhabitat variables such as soil depth, maximum water depth, soil texture, soil nutrient status, and number and fecundity of Diamorpha smallii plants correlated poorly with Amphianthus density and fecundity. Density-fecundity relationships were explored by thinning dense populations of young Amphianthus. Mean capsule production/plant declined at densities greater than 1.4 plants/10 cm2, indicating strong intraspecific competition. Capsule production per plot was constant at densities greater than 7.1 plants/10 cm2. Transplanted A. pusillus were significantly less likely to survive to produce seeds when placed in nonAmphianthus pools compared with plants transplanted into Amphianthus-containing pools, implying that microsite limitation occurred. However, 33% of the plots in non-Amphianthus pools produced capsule-bearing plants, indicating that unoccupied suitable habitat may exist and that the distribution of A. pusillus may also be dispersal-limited.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"123 1","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
in low light and high nutrient environments. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the patterns of leaf tannin chemistry in two species of oak (Quercus velutina L. and Q. prinus L.) utilizing protein precipitation methods. Leaves were sampled from mature, forest-grown, canopy trees found in a southeastern Ohio oak-hickory forest. To evaluate the effects of environment, we sampled along a natural gradient using trees from contrasting northand south-facing slopes. To assess the patterns of variation in tannin abundance among populations, we sampled multiple trees from three different sites. Thus, data were analyzed for patterns of variation with respect to slope aspect and population. Quercus prinus trees growing on south-facing slopes had significantly greater amounts of leaf tannins than those on north-facing slopes but did not exhibit significant population differences in foliar tannin content. In contrast, Q. velutina trees on north- and south-facing slopes did not differ significantly in foliar tannin content but did exhibit significant population differences in foliar tannin content. Different species may have varying responses to the environmental stress associated with topography. Environment may have a considerable effect on leaf tannin content at the landscape scale. However, in some cases, populations may also contribute to variation and need to be considered when evaluating patterns of secondary plant metabolite distribution and/or plant-animal interactions.
{"title":"Patterns of leaf tannin variation in chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) and black oak (Quercus velutina) with respect to topography in a southeastern Ohio oak-hickory forest1","authors":"J. Reed, B. Mccarthy, J. Reed, B. Mccarthy","doi":"10.2307/2996800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996800","url":null,"abstract":"in low light and high nutrient environments. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the patterns of leaf tannin chemistry in two species of oak (Quercus velutina L. and Q. prinus L.) utilizing protein precipitation methods. Leaves were sampled from mature, forest-grown, canopy trees found in a southeastern Ohio oak-hickory forest. To evaluate the effects of environment, we sampled along a natural gradient using trees from contrasting northand south-facing slopes. To assess the patterns of variation in tannin abundance among populations, we sampled multiple trees from three different sites. Thus, data were analyzed for patterns of variation with respect to slope aspect and population. Quercus prinus trees growing on south-facing slopes had significantly greater amounts of leaf tannins than those on north-facing slopes but did not exhibit significant population differences in foliar tannin content. In contrast, Q. velutina trees on north- and south-facing slopes did not differ significantly in foliar tannin content but did exhibit significant population differences in foliar tannin content. Different species may have varying responses to the environmental stress associated with topography. Environment may have a considerable effect on leaf tannin content at the landscape scale. However, in some cases, populations may also contribute to variation and need to be considered when evaluating patterns of secondary plant metabolite distribution and/or plant-animal interactions.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"123 1","pages":"243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CHAMBERLIN, E. A. AND L. W AARSSEN. (Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6). The cost of apical dominance in white pine (Pinus strobus L.): Growth in multi-stemmed versus single-stemmed trees. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 268-272. 1996-White pine (Pinus strobus L.) normally has a single main stem extending the full height of the tree. Multi-stemmed trees however are occassionally formed following destruction of the terminal shoot, usually by stem-boring insects, which releases lateral shoots from apical dominance. With resources being channelled into more than one main 'sink,' multi-stemmed trees may be able to display greater photosynthetic surface area. Thus, we tested whether or not multi-stemmed trees had overcompensated for terminal shoot damage. Based on a survey of mature pine forest in eastern Ontario, Canada, multi-stemmed trees of a given age had shorter heights but greater trunk diameters and greater stem volumes than single-stemmed trees. Hence, multi-stemmed trees appear to be capable of overcompensating for terminal shoot damage, suggesting that there is a potential fitness cost of apical dominance (in terms of biomass production).
{"title":"The cost of apical dominance in white pine (Pinus strobus L.) : Growth in multi-stemmed versus single-stemmed trees","authors":"Elizabeth A. Chamberlin, L. Aarssen","doi":"10.2307/2996774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996774","url":null,"abstract":"CHAMBERLIN, E. A. AND L. W AARSSEN. (Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6). The cost of apical dominance in white pine (Pinus strobus L.): Growth in multi-stemmed versus single-stemmed trees. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 268-272. 1996-White pine (Pinus strobus L.) normally has a single main stem extending the full height of the tree. Multi-stemmed trees however are occassionally formed following destruction of the terminal shoot, usually by stem-boring insects, which releases lateral shoots from apical dominance. With resources being channelled into more than one main 'sink,' multi-stemmed trees may be able to display greater photosynthetic surface area. Thus, we tested whether or not multi-stemmed trees had overcompensated for terminal shoot damage. Based on a survey of mature pine forest in eastern Ontario, Canada, multi-stemmed trees of a given age had shorter heights but greater trunk diameters and greater stem volumes than single-stemmed trees. Hence, multi-stemmed trees appear to be capable of overcompensating for terminal shoot damage, suggesting that there is a potential fitness cost of apical dominance (in terms of biomass production).","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"123 1","pages":"268-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996774","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68411005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ola Karis, R. M. King, Paul C. Janaske, D. Lellinger
{"title":"Cassini on Compositae II and III.","authors":"Ola Karis, R. M. King, Paul C. Janaske, D. Lellinger","doi":"10.2307/2996074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"123 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68403007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vegetation in Eastern North America.","authors":"S. Ware, A. Miyawaki, K. Iwatsuki, M. Grandtner","doi":"10.2307/2996077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"123 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68403058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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