{"title":"Intermountain Flora, Volume Five: The Asterales.","authors":"S. Clemants, A. Cronquist","doi":"10.2307/2996090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
predict biomass and biomass change. The objective of this study was to determine if predictive communitylevel allometric relationships between root length, planar area and biomass existed in a coastal barrier island dune ecosystem. Fine root samples were extracted monthly from four dune and swale areas along a chronosequence (6, 24, 36, and 120 years old) on Hog Island, part of the Virginia Coast Reserve-Long Term Ecological Research site. Dominant life forms were rhizomatous perennial grasses on the dunes and in younger swales and shrubs in the older swales. Root planar area in May and August yielded the stronger regression relationships, with winter values exhibiting greater variability. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine the heterogeneity of regression slopes among sample dates. Both root length and area models exhibited significantly greater slopes during the course of the growing season. The regression slopes for the oldest dune site displayed no significant differences with season for either length or area. Data from the swales produced stronger predictive relationships than the dunes. These results provide a foundation for indirect root biomass estimates in this system.
{"title":"Community-Level Allometric Relationships Among Length, Planar Area, and Biomass of Fine Roots on a Coastal Barrier Island","authors":"Richard E. Snook, F. Day","doi":"10.2307/2996084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996084","url":null,"abstract":"predict biomass and biomass change. The objective of this study was to determine if predictive communitylevel allometric relationships between root length, planar area and biomass existed in a coastal barrier island dune ecosystem. Fine root samples were extracted monthly from four dune and swale areas along a chronosequence (6, 24, 36, and 120 years old) on Hog Island, part of the Virginia Coast Reserve-Long Term Ecological Research site. Dominant life forms were rhizomatous perennial grasses on the dunes and in younger swales and shrubs in the older swales. Root planar area in May and August yielded the stronger regression relationships, with winter values exhibiting greater variability. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine the heterogeneity of regression slopes among sample dates. Both root length and area models exhibited significantly greater slopes during the course of the growing season. The regression slopes for the oldest dune site displayed no significant differences with season for either length or area. Data from the swales produced stronger predictive relationships than the dunes. These results provide a foundation for indirect root biomass estimates in this system.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Floristic Plant Ecology Study of the Limestone Glades of Northern Alabama","authors":"J. Baskin, D. H. Webb, C. Baskin","doi":"10.2307/2996087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CARLQUIST, SHERWIN AND ERIKA J. WILSON (Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105). Wood anatomy of Drosophyllum: ecological and phylogenetic considerations. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:185-189.-Drosophyllum lusitanicum, the sole woody species of Droseraceae, has wood anatomical features very much like those of Dioncophyllaceae and Nepenthaceae. Features in common include vessel elements with simple perforation plates, fibriform vessel elements, tracheids with large fully bordered pits, diffuse (plus variously grouped) axial parenchyma, and paedomorphic rays 1-2 cells wide. Wood anatomy thus validates the close relationships claimed among Drosophyllum, Dioncophyllaceae, and Nepenthaceae on the basis of recent DNA studies. Wood anatomy of Drosophyllum is xeromorphic, in accord with the dry habitats of the species.
{"title":"Wood anatomy of Drosophyllum (Droseraceae): ecological and phylogenetic considerations","authors":"S. Carlquist, E. J. Wilson","doi":"10.2307/2996082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996082","url":null,"abstract":"CARLQUIST, SHERWIN AND ERIKA J. WILSON (Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105). Wood anatomy of Drosophyllum: ecological and phylogenetic considerations. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:185-189.-Drosophyllum lusitanicum, the sole woody species of Droseraceae, has wood anatomical features very much like those of Dioncophyllaceae and Nepenthaceae. Features in common include vessel elements with simple perforation plates, fibriform vessel elements, tracheids with large fully bordered pits, diffuse (plus variously grouped) axial parenchyma, and paedomorphic rays 1-2 cells wide. Wood anatomy thus validates the close relationships claimed among Drosophyllum, Dioncophyllaceae, and Nepenthaceae on the basis of recent DNA studies. Wood anatomy of Drosophyllum is xeromorphic, in accord with the dry habitats of the species.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
the bucket with bottom removed, and two 2-liter beverage bottles for flotation. The total cost of one pair of seed rain and hydrochore traps was less than $1.00. The seed dispersal estimates from the aquatic seed traps reflected the relative numbers of species and seeds dispersed in aquatic systems. A test of the efficiency of the aquatic seed traps demonstrated that traps placed in a swamp over a period of a month captured 1.8 times the biomass of debris and seeds than were present on the surface of the water at any given time.
{"title":"Sampling devices for the measurement of seed rain and hydrochory in rivers1","authors":"B. Middleton","doi":"10.2307/2996454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996454","url":null,"abstract":"the bucket with bottom removed, and two 2-liter beverage bottles for flotation. The total cost of one pair of seed rain and hydrochore traps was less than $1.00. The seed dispersal estimates from the aquatic seed traps reflected the relative numbers of species and seeds dispersed in aquatic systems. A test of the efficiency of the aquatic seed traps demonstrated that traps placed in a swamp over a period of a month captured 1.8 times the biomass of debris and seeds than were present on the surface of the water at any given time.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America from 1500 to the Present.","authors":"D. Gibson, G. Whitney","doi":"10.2307/2996456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Salinity Response, Distribution, and Possible Dispersal of a Barrier Island Strand Glycophyte, Strophostyles umbellata (Fabaceae)","authors":"David L. Erickson, D. Young","doi":"10.2307/2996447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OSWALD, B. P. (Department of Plant and Soil Science, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762) AND L. F. NEUENSCHWANDER (College of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843). Mortality of westem larch seedlings in relation to seedbed characteristics at the dry end of its ecological range. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 122: 101-108. 1995.-The effects of different seedbeds on westem larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) germination and seedling mortality were assessed in a grand fir/ninebark (Abies grandis ((Dougl. ex. D.Don) Lindl.))/(Physocarpus malvaceus((Greene) Kuntze)) habitat type in northem Idaho, U.S.A. Two plots were established on each of four sites, and 150 westem larch seeds (66% viable) were distributed on each of 16 randomly applied seedbed modification combinations (bumed or mechanical scarified, mineral soil or duff, shaded or non-shaded, caged or non-caged for protection from predation). Germination percentages and seedling development were significantly greater (4-10 times) on caged units than on uncaged units by midJuly. Shading did not significantly affect germination percentage or initial seedling establishment. No significant differences occurred in germination or initial seedling establishment between bumed and unbumed treatments. Mortality of seedlings, most likely caused by a month-long dry period with high temperatures, resulted in no significant differences in seedling numbers among treatments by mid-August the first year after seed dispersal. On the dry end of this species' range, there does not appear to be any difference in seedling survival from seedbed modification.
OSWALD, b.p.(阿拉巴马农工大学植物与土壤科学系，师范，AL 35762) and L. F. NEUENSCHWANDER(爱达荷大学林业、野生动物与牧场科学学院，莫斯科，ID 83843)。生态范围干端西部落叶松幼苗死亡率与苗床特征的关系。公牛。托。机器人。俱乐部122:101-108。1995.研究了不同苗床对西部落叶松(Larix occidentalis Nutt.)发芽和幼苗死亡率的影响。例d.p don Lindl.) /(Physocarpus malvaceus((Greene) Kuntze)))在美国爱达荷州北部的生境类型，在4个地点各建立2个样地，在16种随机施用的苗床改良组合(焚烧或机械沙化、矿质土或沙土、遮荫或不遮荫、笼养或不笼养以防止捕食)上各分配150颗西部落叶松种子(66%存活率)。到7月中旬，笼内单位的发芽率和幼苗发育显著高于非笼内单位(4-10倍)。遮荫对发芽率和幼苗建立没有显著影响。在发芽率和初苗建立方面，烧过和未烧过的处理没有显著差异。幼苗的死亡很可能是由于长达一个月的干旱和高温造成的，到种子传播后第一年的8月中旬，不同处理的幼苗数量没有显著差异。在该物种分布范围的干端，苗床改造对幼苗存活率似乎没有任何影响。
{"title":"Mortality of western larch seedlings in relation to seedbed characteristics at the dry end of its ecological range","authors":"B. Oswald, L. Neuenschwander, L. Neuenschwander","doi":"10.2307/2996448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996448","url":null,"abstract":"OSWALD, B. P. (Department of Plant and Soil Science, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762) AND L. F. NEUENSCHWANDER (College of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843). Mortality of westem larch seedlings in relation to seedbed characteristics at the dry end of its ecological range. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 122: 101-108. 1995.-The effects of different seedbeds on westem larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) germination and seedling mortality were assessed in a grand fir/ninebark (Abies grandis ((Dougl. ex. D.Don) Lindl.))/(Physocarpus malvaceus((Greene) Kuntze)) habitat type in northem Idaho, U.S.A. Two plots were established on each of four sites, and 150 westem larch seeds (66% viable) were distributed on each of 16 randomly applied seedbed modification combinations (bumed or mechanical scarified, mineral soil or duff, shaded or non-shaded, caged or non-caged for protection from predation). Germination percentages and seedling development were significantly greater (4-10 times) on caged units than on uncaged units by midJuly. Shading did not significantly affect germination percentage or initial seedling establishment. No significant differences occurred in germination or initial seedling establishment between bumed and unbumed treatments. Mortality of seedlings, most likely caused by a month-long dry period with high temperatures, resulted in no significant differences in seedling numbers among treatments by mid-August the first year after seed dispersal. On the dry end of this species' range, there does not appear to be any difference in seedling survival from seedbed modification.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HEDMAN, CRAUG W. (Southlands Experiment Forest, International Paper, Bainbridge, GA 31717) AND DAvID H. VAN LEAR (Department of Forest Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1003). Vegetative structure and composition of Southern Appalachian riparian forests. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122: 134-144. 1995.-Vegetative characteristics of twelve Southern Appalachian riparian forests were sampled as part of a larger study which examined functional attributes of riparian zones. Riparian forests were representative of the mixed mesophytic forest, eastern hemlock forest, and transitions between these types. Earlyand mid-successional stages were generally dominated by an overstory of pioneering shade-intolerant species and had an even-aged structure. The diameter distribution of these relatively young stands of mixed species was typically inverse J-shaped. Late-successional and old-growth stages were dominated by shade-tolerant or moderately tolerant overstory species and were uneven-aged. Diameter distribution in these older stands approximated a rotated sigmoid curve. Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.) was the dominant understory species and controlled understory and midstory composition. Characterization of riparian forests in different stages of succession will help understanding of vegetative processes and forms the basis of subsequent ecological studies of riparian functional dynamics.
HEDMAN, CRAUG W. (Southlands实验森林，International Paper, Bainbridge, GA 31717)和DAvID H. VAN LEAR (Clemson University森林资源系，Clemson, SC 29634-1003)。南阿巴拉契亚河岸森林的营养结构和组成。公牛。托里机器人。俱乐部122:134-144。1995.- 12个南阿巴拉契亚河岸森林的植被特征作为一个更大的研究的一部分，该研究检查了河岸带的功能属性。河岸林是中生植物混交林、东部铁杉林及其过渡类型的代表。演替早期和中期一般以不耐阴的先锋种的上层层为主，具有均匀的年龄结构。这些相对年轻的混交种林分直径分布呈典型的反j型。演替后期和老生长期以耐阴或中等耐阴的上层植物为主，树龄不均匀。这些老林分的直径分布近似于旋转的s型曲线。杜鹃花(Rhododendron maximum L.)是林下优势种，控制林下和中层组成。不同演替阶段的河岸林特征将有助于理解植被过程，并为后续的河岸功能动态生态学研究奠定基础。
{"title":"VEGETATIVE STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN RIPARIAN FORESTS","authors":"C. Hedman, D. V. Lear","doi":"10.2307/2996452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996452","url":null,"abstract":"HEDMAN, CRAUG W. (Southlands Experiment Forest, International Paper, Bainbridge, GA 31717) AND DAvID H. VAN LEAR (Department of Forest Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1003). Vegetative structure and composition of Southern Appalachian riparian forests. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122: 134-144. 1995.-Vegetative characteristics of twelve Southern Appalachian riparian forests were sampled as part of a larger study which examined functional attributes of riparian zones. Riparian forests were representative of the mixed mesophytic forest, eastern hemlock forest, and transitions between these types. Earlyand mid-successional stages were generally dominated by an overstory of pioneering shade-intolerant species and had an even-aged structure. The diameter distribution of these relatively young stands of mixed species was typically inverse J-shaped. Late-successional and old-growth stages were dominated by shade-tolerant or moderately tolerant overstory species and were uneven-aged. Diameter distribution in these older stands approximated a rotated sigmoid curve. Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.) was the dominant understory species and controlled understory and midstory composition. Characterization of riparian forests in different stages of succession will help understanding of vegetative processes and forms the basis of subsequent ecological studies of riparian functional dynamics.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alan J. Kimball, J. Witham, James L. Rudnicky, Alan S. White, M. Hunter
{"title":"Harvest-created and natural canopy gaps in an oak-pine forest in Maine","authors":"Alan J. Kimball, J. Witham, James L. Rudnicky, Alan S. White, M. Hunter","doi":"10.2307/2996450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68407575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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