EHRENFELD, JOAN G., WEIXING ZHU AND WILLIAM F. J. PARSONS. (IMCS, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903). Above- and below-ground characteristics of persistent forest openings in the New Jersey Pinelands. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 122:298-305. 1995.-Openings in the pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) forests of southern New Jersey may persist for decades. In five such openings, ranging in size from 22 to 223 m2, and their surrounding forest matrix, we characterized the vegetation, the forest floor, root biomass, soil chemistry and soil fungi. There was a much greater disparity between the openings and the forest matrix in the density of small ericad shrubs than in the number or basal area of the canopy trees, and this disparity was mirrored in the thickness of the litter and organic horizons, and in the total small root biomass. The matrix:gap ratios of total root biomass and of total soil fungal length were similar to the ratios for tree and large shrub densities. Extractable NH4-N, BrayP, pH, and soil moisture did not differ between the openings and matrix, but extractable N03-N was higher in the openings than the intact forest. We suggest that the shrubs may be an important factor in maintaining the differences between the openings and the matrix, by trapping litter, maintaining high root biomasses, and inhibiting decomposition. If the organic horizon is destroyed in a locally intense disturbance, the slow rate of invasion and growth of the shrubs into mineral soil may help perpetuate the opening for long periods of time.
{"title":"Above- and below-ground characteristics of persistent forest openings in the New Jersey Pinelands' 2","authors":"J. Ehrenfeld, Weixing Zhu, W. Parsons","doi":"10.2307/2996321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996321","url":null,"abstract":"EHRENFELD, JOAN G., WEIXING ZHU AND WILLIAM F. J. PARSONS. (IMCS, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903). Above- and below-ground characteristics of persistent forest openings in the New Jersey Pinelands. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 122:298-305. 1995.-Openings in the pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) forests of southern New Jersey may persist for decades. In five such openings, ranging in size from 22 to 223 m2, and their surrounding forest matrix, we characterized the vegetation, the forest floor, root biomass, soil chemistry and soil fungi. There was a much greater disparity between the openings and the forest matrix in the density of small ericad shrubs than in the number or basal area of the canopy trees, and this disparity was mirrored in the thickness of the litter and organic horizons, and in the total small root biomass. The matrix:gap ratios of total root biomass and of total soil fungal length were similar to the ratios for tree and large shrub densities. Extractable NH4-N, BrayP, pH, and soil moisture did not differ between the openings and matrix, but extractable N03-N was higher in the openings than the intact forest. We suggest that the shrubs may be an important factor in maintaining the differences between the openings and the matrix, by trapping litter, maintaining high root biomasses, and inhibiting decomposition. If the organic horizon is destroyed in a locally intense disturbance, the slow rate of invasion and growth of the shrubs into mineral soil may help perpetuate the opening for long periods of time.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"83 10 1","pages":"298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
sequentially to simulated March-October temperatures in incubators or (3) exposed to 25/15 or 30/15?C for 24 and 12 weeks, respectively. As seeds entered dormancy, they first lost the ability to germinate at 15/6?C and then at higher temperatures. Buried seeds exposed to seasonal temperature changes for 28 months in the nonheated greenhouse exhibited an annual dormancy/nondormancy cycle, with full dormancy occurring in September-November. Seeds came out of dormancy in winter (December-March), and they germinated to 8596% in light at simulated habitat temperatures from mid-April until July. Although 20-50% of the seeds germinated in darkness at simulated habitat temperatures in spring (March-June), only 2% of them germinated while buried in soil in the nonheated greenhouse. Thus, seeds have the potential to form a persistent seed bank.
{"title":"Role of temperature in the germination ecology of the summer annual Bidens polylepis Blake (Asteraceae)","authors":"C. Baskin, J. Baskin, E. W. Chester","doi":"10.2307/2996319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996319","url":null,"abstract":"sequentially to simulated March-October temperatures in incubators or (3) exposed to 25/15 or 30/15?C for 24 and 12 weeks, respectively. As seeds entered dormancy, they first lost the ability to germinate at 15/6?C and then at higher temperatures. Buried seeds exposed to seasonal temperature changes for 28 months in the nonheated greenhouse exhibited an annual dormancy/nondormancy cycle, with full dormancy occurring in September-November. Seeds came out of dormancy in winter (December-March), and they germinated to 8596% in light at simulated habitat temperatures from mid-April until July. Although 20-50% of the seeds germinated in darkness at simulated habitat temperatures in spring (March-June), only 2% of them germinated while buried in soil in the nonheated greenhouse. Thus, seeds have the potential to form a persistent seed bank.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flora and Vegetation of \"Las Piedritas\" and the Margin of Laguna Caceres, Puerto Suarez, Bolivian Pantanal","authors":"R. Frey","doi":"10.2307/2996324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996324","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"John T. Curtis, Fifty Years of Wisconsin Plant Ecology.","authors":"M. Nee, J. S. Fralish, R. P. McIntosh, O. Loucks","doi":"10.2307/2996329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PRINDER, J. E., III (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802), F. B. GOLLEY (Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602) AND R. F. LIDE (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802). Factors affecting limited reproduction by loblolly pine in a large old field. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:306-311. 1995.-Pines readily invade small old fields in the southeastern United States, but continuing observations on a large old field in South Carolina have indicated limited initial invasion and subsequently poor reproductive success by loblolly pines. To generate hypotheses concerning the poor reproductive success of pines, studies were conducted of seed production, seedling establishment, and seedling survival and growth. Production of viable seeds was similar to data for other loblolly pine sites, but seed dispersal distances were short with most seeds being deposited within 20 m of the parent. The rate of establishment of 1 yr old seedlings was 1< seedling per 3000 viable seeds, which was small compared to data for other loblolly pine sites. Most seedlings were established within 20 m of their parents. Once established, seedlings showed survivorship and growth that was typical for loblolly pines. These initial results suggest: 1) that the most important limitation to reproductive success may be the low rates of seedling establishment from seeds; but 2) that limited seed dispersal distances may represent an important secondary limitation.
PRINDER, J. E, III(萨凡纳河生态实验室，美国艾肯29802)，F. B. GOLLEY(美国佐治亚大学生态学研究所，美国艾肯30602)和R. F. LIDE(萨凡纳河生态实验室，美国艾肯29802)。大面积老田火炬松有限繁殖的影响因素。公牛。托里机器人。俱乐部122:306 - 311。1995.松树很容易入侵美国东南部的小块老田，但对南卡罗来纳州大片老田的持续观察表明，火炬松最初的入侵有限，随后繁殖成功率很低。为了对松树繁殖成功率低的原因提出假设，本文从种子生产、幼苗建立、幼苗存活和生长等方面进行了研究。活血种子的产量与其他火炬松样地相似，但种子的传播距离较短，大多数种子在离亲本20 m范围内沉积。1年龄幼苗成活率为每3000个活苗1<株，与其他火炬松立地相比较少。大多数幼苗在其亲本20 m内建立。一旦建立，幼苗表现出典型的火炬松的生存和生长。这些初步结果表明:1)对繁殖成功最重要的限制可能是种子成苗率低;但是2)有限的种子传播距离可能是一个重要的次要限制。
{"title":"Factors affecting limited reproduction by loblolly pine in a large old field","authors":"J. E. Pinder, F. Golley, R. F. Lide, E. Drawer","doi":"10.2307/2996322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996322","url":null,"abstract":"PRINDER, J. E., III (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802), F. B. GOLLEY (Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602) AND R. F. LIDE (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802). Factors affecting limited reproduction by loblolly pine in a large old field. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:306-311. 1995.-Pines readily invade small old fields in the southeastern United States, but continuing observations on a large old field in South Carolina have indicated limited initial invasion and subsequently poor reproductive success by loblolly pines. To generate hypotheses concerning the poor reproductive success of pines, studies were conducted of seed production, seedling establishment, and seedling survival and growth. Production of viable seeds was similar to data for other loblolly pine sites, but seed dispersal distances were short with most seeds being deposited within 20 m of the parent. The rate of establishment of 1 yr old seedlings was 1< seedling per 3000 viable seeds, which was small compared to data for other loblolly pine sites. Most seedlings were established within 20 m of their parents. Once established, seedlings showed survivorship and growth that was typical for loblolly pines. These initial results suggest: 1) that the most important limitation to reproductive success may be the low rates of seedling establishment from seeds; but 2) that limited seed dispersal distances may represent an important secondary limitation.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index to plant chromosome numbers, 1990-1991","authors":"P. Goldblatt, Dale E. Johnson","doi":"10.2307/2996325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-01DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3
L. Hamilton, J. Juvik, F. Scatena
{"title":"Tropical Montane Cloud Forests","authors":"L. Hamilton, J. Juvik, F. Scatena","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"63 1","pages":"246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50952517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California.","authors":"B. Ertter, M. Skinner, B. Pavlik","doi":"10.2307/2996091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":"122 1","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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