{"title":"John T. Curtis, Fifty Years of Wisconsin Plant Ecology.","authors":"M. Nee, J. S. Fralish, R. P. McIntosh, O. Loucks","doi":"10.2307/2996329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"British Plant Communities, Volume 4: Aquatic Communities, Swamps and Tall-Herb Fens.","authors":"D. Gibson, J. Rodwell","doi":"10.2307/2996328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PRINDER, J. E., III (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802), F. B. GOLLEY (Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602) AND R. F. LIDE (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802). Factors affecting limited reproduction by loblolly pine in a large old field. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:306-311. 1995.-Pines readily invade small old fields in the southeastern United States, but continuing observations on a large old field in South Carolina have indicated limited initial invasion and subsequently poor reproductive success by loblolly pines. To generate hypotheses concerning the poor reproductive success of pines, studies were conducted of seed production, seedling establishment, and seedling survival and growth. Production of viable seeds was similar to data for other loblolly pine sites, but seed dispersal distances were short with most seeds being deposited within 20 m of the parent. The rate of establishment of 1 yr old seedlings was 1< seedling per 3000 viable seeds, which was small compared to data for other loblolly pine sites. Most seedlings were established within 20 m of their parents. Once established, seedlings showed survivorship and growth that was typical for loblolly pines. These initial results suggest: 1) that the most important limitation to reproductive success may be the low rates of seedling establishment from seeds; but 2) that limited seed dispersal distances may represent an important secondary limitation.
PRINDER, J. E, III(萨凡纳河生态实验室，美国艾肯29802)，F. B. GOLLEY(美国佐治亚大学生态学研究所，美国艾肯30602)和R. F. LIDE(萨凡纳河生态实验室，美国艾肯29802)。大面积老田火炬松有限繁殖的影响因素。公牛。托里机器人。俱乐部122:306 - 311。1995.松树很容易入侵美国东南部的小块老田，但对南卡罗来纳州大片老田的持续观察表明，火炬松最初的入侵有限，随后繁殖成功率很低。为了对松树繁殖成功率低的原因提出假设，本文从种子生产、幼苗建立、幼苗存活和生长等方面进行了研究。活血种子的产量与其他火炬松样地相似，但种子的传播距离较短，大多数种子在离亲本20 m范围内沉积。1年龄幼苗成活率为每3000个活苗1<株，与其他火炬松立地相比较少。大多数幼苗在其亲本20 m内建立。一旦建立，幼苗表现出典型的火炬松的生存和生长。这些初步结果表明:1)对繁殖成功最重要的限制可能是种子成苗率低;但是2)有限的种子传播距离可能是一个重要的次要限制。
{"title":"Factors affecting limited reproduction by loblolly pine in a large old field","authors":"J. E. Pinder, F. Golley, R. F. Lide, E. Drawer","doi":"10.2307/2996322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996322","url":null,"abstract":"PRINDER, J. E., III (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802), F. B. GOLLEY (Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602) AND R. F. LIDE (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802). Factors affecting limited reproduction by loblolly pine in a large old field. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:306-311. 1995.-Pines readily invade small old fields in the southeastern United States, but continuing observations on a large old field in South Carolina have indicated limited initial invasion and subsequently poor reproductive success by loblolly pines. To generate hypotheses concerning the poor reproductive success of pines, studies were conducted of seed production, seedling establishment, and seedling survival and growth. Production of viable seeds was similar to data for other loblolly pine sites, but seed dispersal distances were short with most seeds being deposited within 20 m of the parent. The rate of establishment of 1 yr old seedlings was 1< seedling per 3000 viable seeds, which was small compared to data for other loblolly pine sites. Most seedlings were established within 20 m of their parents. Once established, seedlings showed survivorship and growth that was typical for loblolly pines. These initial results suggest: 1) that the most important limitation to reproductive success may be the low rates of seedling establishment from seeds; but 2) that limited seed dispersal distances may represent an important secondary limitation.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index to plant chromosome numbers, 1990-1991","authors":"P. Goldblatt, Dale E. Johnson","doi":"10.2307/2996325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68405864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-01DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3
L. Hamilton, J. Juvik, F. Scatena
{"title":"Tropical Montane Cloud Forests","authors":"L. Hamilton, J. Juvik, F. Scatena","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50952517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California.","authors":"B. Ertter, M. Skinner, B. Pavlik","doi":"10.2307/2996091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Part I. Introduction: 1. Global land-use and land-cover change: an overview Part II. Working Group Reports: 2. A wiring diagram for the study of land use/cover change: Report of Working Group A 3. Towards a typology and regionalization of land-cover and land-use change: Report of Working Group B 4. Land-use and land-cover projections: Report of Working Group C Part III. Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: 5. Forests and tree cover 6. Grasslands 7. Human settlements Part IV. Environmental Consequences: 8. Atmospheric chemistry and air quality 9. Soils 10. Hydrology and water quality Part V. Human Driving Forces: 11. Population and income 12. Technology 13. Political-economic institutions 14. Culture and cultural change Part VI. Issues In Data and Modeling: 15. Modeling land-atmosphere interactions: a short review 16. Modeling global change in an integrated framework: a view from the social sciences 17. Data on global land-cover change: acquisition, assessment, and analysis Appendices Index.
{"title":"Changes in land use and land cover: a global perspective","authors":"W. Meyer, B. Turner","doi":"10.2307/2996094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996094","url":null,"abstract":"Part I. Introduction: 1. Global land-use and land-cover change: an overview Part II. Working Group Reports: 2. A wiring diagram for the study of land use/cover change: Report of Working Group A 3. Towards a typology and regionalization of land-cover and land-use change: Report of Working Group B 4. Land-use and land-cover projections: Report of Working Group C Part III. Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: 5. Forests and tree cover 6. Grasslands 7. Human settlements Part IV. Environmental Consequences: 8. Atmospheric chemistry and air quality 9. Soils 10. Hydrology and water quality Part V. Human Driving Forces: 11. Population and income 12. Technology 13. Political-economic institutions 14. Culture and cultural change Part VI. Issues In Data and Modeling: 15. Modeling land-atmosphere interactions: a short review 16. Modeling global change in an integrated framework: a view from the social sciences 17. Data on global land-cover change: acquisition, assessment, and analysis Appendices Index.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68403102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HEIKENS, A. L. AND P. A. ROBERTSON (Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509). Classification of barrens and other natural xeric forest openings in southern Illinois. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:203-214. 1995-Twenty-two natural xeric forest openings in southern Illinois on a variety of substrates were sampled using a modified Daubenmire canopy coverage method in order to classify, describe and define these plant community types. Barrens, xeric forest, sandstone glade, loess hill prairie and limestone glade plant community types were identified from an agglomerative hierarchical clustering of sites using Percent Similarity as the resemblance function and an Unweighted Pair Group method of classification. Some vegetation types were strongly related to substrate (i.e., limestone glades, sandstone glades) while others reflect successional status (i.e., xeric forests and barrens). Discriminant Analysis identified soil pH, soil depth, soil texture, amount of exposed rock, slope angle, cation exchange capacity and soil nutrients as significant discriminators among the community types. Four of the twenty-two sites are barrens, an endangered plant community in the Midwest (Heikens and Robertson 1994). Barrens are characterized by open-grown trees, primarily Quercus stellata and Quercus marilandica, and a mixture of prairie and dry woodland herbaceous species, including Schizachyrium scoparium, Danthonia spicata, Helianthus spp. and Chasmanthium latifolium, with 1-5% exposed rock, and soil depth of 8-15 cm on sandstone, shale and chert substrates. In this region, barrens appear to be timetransgressive communities that are remnants of a once more widespread community type and, unless maintained by fire or other disturbance processes, will succeed to forest.
hekens, A. L. AND P. A. ROBERTSON(南伊利诺伊大学植物生物系，伊利诺伊州卡本代尔62901-6509)。伊利诺斯州南部的荒地和其他天然干旱林开口的分类。公牛。托里机器人。俱乐部122:203 - 214。1995- 1995年，采用改良的Daubenmire冠层盖度法，对美国伊利诺斯州南部22个不同底物上的天然干旱林开阔地进行了植物群落类型的分类、描述和定义。以相似度百分比为相似性函数，采用非加权对群分类方法，对裸地、干旱林、砂岩林地、黄土丘陵草原和石灰岩林地的植物群落类型进行了聚类分析。有些植被类型与底物密切相关(如石灰岩沼泽、砂岩沼泽)，而另一些则反映演替状态(如干旱林和荒地)。判别分析发现，土壤pH值、土壤深度、土壤质地、裸露岩石量、坡角、阳离子交换容量和土壤养分是不同群落类型的显著判别因子。22个地点中有4个是贫瘠的，这是中西部一个濒临灭绝的植物群落(hekens and Robertson 1994)。裸地以露天树种为主，主要为星栎(Quercus stellata)和马兰栎(Quercus marilandica)，混合有草原和旱地草本植物，包括荆芥(Schizachyrium scoparium)、丹冬(Danthonia spicata)、向日葵(Helianthus spp.)和大叶蕨(Chasmanthium latifolium)，岩石裸露1-5%，砂岩、页岩和燧石基质的土壤深度为8-15 cm。在这个地区，荒地似乎是一种时间越界的群落，它们是曾经广泛分布的群落类型的残余，除非受到火灾或其他干扰过程的维持，否则将接替森林。
{"title":"Classification of barrens and other natural xeric forest openings in Southern Illinois","authors":"A. Heikens, P. A. Robertson, P. A. Robertson","doi":"10.2307/2996085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996085","url":null,"abstract":"HEIKENS, A. L. AND P. A. ROBERTSON (Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509). Classification of barrens and other natural xeric forest openings in southern Illinois. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:203-214. 1995-Twenty-two natural xeric forest openings in southern Illinois on a variety of substrates were sampled using a modified Daubenmire canopy coverage method in order to classify, describe and define these plant community types. Barrens, xeric forest, sandstone glade, loess hill prairie and limestone glade plant community types were identified from an agglomerative hierarchical clustering of sites using Percent Similarity as the resemblance function and an Unweighted Pair Group method of classification. Some vegetation types were strongly related to substrate (i.e., limestone glades, sandstone glades) while others reflect successional status (i.e., xeric forests and barrens). Discriminant Analysis identified soil pH, soil depth, soil texture, amount of exposed rock, slope angle, cation exchange capacity and soil nutrients as significant discriminators among the community types. Four of the twenty-two sites are barrens, an endangered plant community in the Midwest (Heikens and Robertson 1994). Barrens are characterized by open-grown trees, primarily Quercus stellata and Quercus marilandica, and a mixture of prairie and dry woodland herbaceous species, including Schizachyrium scoparium, Danthonia spicata, Helianthus spp. and Chasmanthium latifolium, with 1-5% exposed rock, and soil depth of 8-15 cm on sandstone, shale and chert substrates. In this region, barrens appear to be timetransgressive communities that are remnants of a once more widespread community type and, unless maintained by fire or other disturbance processes, will succeed to forest.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BRUCE, K. B., G. N. CAMERON (Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204) AND P. A. HARCOMBE (Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251). Initiation of a new woodland type on the Texas Coastal Prairie by the Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:215-225. 1995.-The chronosequence method (stand ages 0-20 years) was used to study the invasion of the Upper Coastal Prairie of Texas by the Chinese tallow tree and to learn whether this exotic plant would be replaced by native woodland species. This invasion marked a dramatic transformation of community structure. Dominance of life forms shifted rapidly (< 10 years to canopy closure) as graminoids and forbs were replaced by trees and shrubs during succession. Size-frequency distributions of the trees showed that stands were not even-aged. Many stands in the oldest three age classes exhibited descending monotonic tree size distributions. Because Chinese tallow produces seeds soon after establishment, it seems likely that the rapid increase in density was the result of initial trees acting as seed sources. The most common native trees that appeared in the survey were generally small-seeded inhabitants of local riparian areas, e.g., hackberry (Celtis laevigata), elm (Ulmus americana), green ash (Fraxinus pensylvanica), and yaupon (Ilex vomitoria). Low densities of these species indicated slow invasion rates compared to that of tallow. Currently, stands are virtually monospecific. However, the non-tallow species showed a significant increase in density with stand age which suggests that these woodlands may become more diverse in the future.
BRUCE, K. B.， G. N. CAMERON(休斯顿大学生物系，休斯顿，德克萨斯州77204)和P. A. HARCOMBE(莱斯大学生态和进化生物学系，休斯顿，德克萨斯州77251)。中国牛脂树(Sapium sebiferum, L.)在德克萨斯州沿海草原上形成一种新的林地类型Roxb)。公牛。托里机器人。俱乐部122:215 - 225。1995.-采用时间序列法(林龄0 ~ 20年)研究了中国牛脂树对德克萨斯州上海岸草原的入侵，并了解这种外来植物是否会被本土林地物种所取代。这次入侵标志着群落结构的巨大转变。在演替过程中，随着禾本科植物和草本植物被乔木和灌木所取代，植物的优势地位发生了迅速的变化(在冠层闭合前10年)。树木的大小频率分布表明林分的年龄不均匀。在最老的三个年龄级中，许多林分表现出单调的树高递减分布。因为中国牛脂在建立后不久就产生种子，所以密度的迅速增加似乎可能是最初的树木作为种子来源的结果。在调查中出现的最常见的本地树木通常是当地河岸地区的小种子居民，例如，hackberries (Celtis laevigata)， elm (Ulmus americana)， green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvania)和yaupon (Ilex vomitoria)。这些物种的低密度表明，与牛脂虫相比，它们的入侵速度较慢。目前，林分实际上是单一的。然而，随着林龄的增加，非脂类物种的密度显著增加，这表明这些林地在未来可能会变得更加多样化。
{"title":"Initiation of a new woodland type on the Texas Coastal Prairie by the Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.).","authors":"K. Bruce, G. Cameron, P. Harcombe","doi":"10.2307/2996086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996086","url":null,"abstract":"BRUCE, K. B., G. N. CAMERON (Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204) AND P. A. HARCOMBE (Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251). Initiation of a new woodland type on the Texas Coastal Prairie by the Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:215-225. 1995.-The chronosequence method (stand ages 0-20 years) was used to study the invasion of the Upper Coastal Prairie of Texas by the Chinese tallow tree and to learn whether this exotic plant would be replaced by native woodland species. This invasion marked a dramatic transformation of community structure. Dominance of life forms shifted rapidly (< 10 years to canopy closure) as graminoids and forbs were replaced by trees and shrubs during succession. Size-frequency distributions of the trees showed that stands were not even-aged. Many stands in the oldest three age classes exhibited descending monotonic tree size distributions. Because Chinese tallow produces seeds soon after establishment, it seems likely that the rapid increase in density was the result of initial trees acting as seed sources. The most common native trees that appeared in the survey were generally small-seeded inhabitants of local riparian areas, e.g., hackberry (Celtis laevigata), elm (Ulmus americana), green ash (Fraxinus pensylvanica), and yaupon (Ilex vomitoria). Low densities of these species indicated slow invasion rates compared to that of tallow. Currently, stands are virtually monospecific. However, the non-tallow species showed a significant increase in density with stand age which suggests that these woodlands may become more diverse in the future.","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Luken, T. C. Tholemeier, B. Kunkel, L. M. Kuddes
{"title":"Branch Architecture Plasticity of Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder): Initial Response in Extreme Light Environments","authors":"J. Luken, T. C. Tholemeier, B. Kunkel, L. M. Kuddes","doi":"10.2307/2996083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2996083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9453,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2996083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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