Kai Wang, Xin Ren, X. Shen, Yansen Li, Yangchun Xia, Zhaojian Li, Chunmei Li
Abstract This experiment evaluated the effects of sugarcane extract (SCE) on growing pigs' diarrhea incidence, serum immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant enzyme activity. A total of 116 52-day-old commercial pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Jiaxing Black, average weight of 11 ± 1 kg) were randomly allocated to control (CON, basal diet) and 1% SCE group (SCEG, basal diet + 1% SCE). The experiment lasted four weeks. Compared with CON, diarrhea incidence (SCEG: 74.11% versus CON: 54.76%) and diarrhea index (SCEG: 83.65% versus CON: 73.61%) dropped largely in pigs supplemented with SCE. Villus height in the duodenum (p < 0.01) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (p < 0.05) increased in SCEG. Dietary SCE enhanced the activity of catalase (CAT) capacity, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α, and malondialdehyde levels in serum (p < 0.05). CAT activity in the ileum increased (p < 0.05) in piglets supplemented with SCE. Thus, dietary supplementation with SCE improved diarrhea incidence, serum antioxidant capacity and immunity, and intestinal villus morphology and may be used as an efficient antibiotic alternative in weaned piglet feed.
{"title":"Effects of sugarcane extract on growth and diarrhea of growing piglets","authors":"Kai Wang, Xin Ren, X. Shen, Yansen Li, Yangchun Xia, Zhaojian Li, Chunmei Li","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This experiment evaluated the effects of sugarcane extract (SCE) on growing pigs' diarrhea incidence, serum immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant enzyme activity. A total of 116 52-day-old commercial pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Jiaxing Black, average weight of 11 ± 1 kg) were randomly allocated to control (CON, basal diet) and 1% SCE group (SCEG, basal diet + 1% SCE). The experiment lasted four weeks. Compared with CON, diarrhea incidence (SCEG: 74.11% versus CON: 54.76%) and diarrhea index (SCEG: 83.65% versus CON: 73.61%) dropped largely in pigs supplemented with SCE. Villus height in the duodenum (p < 0.01) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (p < 0.05) increased in SCEG. Dietary SCE enhanced the activity of catalase (CAT) capacity, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α, and malondialdehyde levels in serum (p < 0.05). CAT activity in the ileum increased (p < 0.05) in piglets supplemented with SCE. Thus, dietary supplementation with SCE improved diarrhea incidence, serum antioxidant capacity and immunity, and intestinal villus morphology and may be used as an efficient antibiotic alternative in weaned piglet feed.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"282 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46975906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a natural organic sulfur component that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, injury of porcine intestinal epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) models were used to investigate the effect of MSM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced porcine intestinal epithelium barrier damage. The results of the cell cycle showed that the cells in the G2/M phase decreased significantly with the supplementation of 300 mmol/L MSM (P < 0.05). The ELISA assay revealed that MSM could significantly inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, MSM could significantly increase the value of cell monolayer transepithelial electrical resistance while reducing the FITC-dextran flux permeability and lactate dehydrogenase activity in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.01). Additionally, 300 mmol/L MSM significantly increased both mRNA and protein expression of occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MSM prevented the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by LPS, indicating that MSM might enhance tight junction function through mechanisms of activation of EGFR-mediated protein synthesis in IPEC-J2 cells. Therefore, our findings suggested that MSM has protective effects on inflammation and epithelial barrier injury in LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells, indicating that MSM might be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the pig industry.
{"title":"Protective effects of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on barrier function injury of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)","authors":"Y. Jiao, Hengjiang Li, Ting Ren, I. Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0141","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a natural organic sulfur component that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, injury of porcine intestinal epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) models were used to investigate the effect of MSM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced porcine intestinal epithelium barrier damage. The results of the cell cycle showed that the cells in the G2/M phase decreased significantly with the supplementation of 300 mmol/L MSM (P < 0.05). The ELISA assay revealed that MSM could significantly inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, MSM could significantly increase the value of cell monolayer transepithelial electrical resistance while reducing the FITC-dextran flux permeability and lactate dehydrogenase activity in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.01). Additionally, 300 mmol/L MSM significantly increased both mRNA and protein expression of occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MSM prevented the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by LPS, indicating that MSM might enhance tight junction function through mechanisms of activation of EGFR-mediated protein synthesis in IPEC-J2 cells. Therefore, our findings suggested that MSM has protective effects on inflammation and epithelial barrier injury in LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells, indicating that MSM might be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the pig industry.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"262 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42932606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Olanrewaju, J. Purswell, J. Evans, S. Collier, S. Branton
Abstract Light impacts layer hen's welfare and production. This study investigated the effects of a novel LED light system on blood physiological variables in laying hens. In each of the two trials, 320-layer pullets were allocated to 16 groups of 20 birds. Treatments included the prototype LED lighting (two rooms) and the conventional 2700 K LED bulbs (two rooms). On each sampling day, blood samples were collected and analyzed immediately. Results show that only a few physiological variables were affected by treatments, but age had effects on most examined variables. No effects of treatments or age on plasma corticosterone signify a similar level of physiological stress.
光照影响蛋鸡的福利和生产。本研究研究了一种新型LED光系统对蛋鸡血液生理指标的影响。在两个试验中，每个试验将320个蛋鸡分配给16组，每组20只鸡。处理包括原型LED照明(两个房间)和传统的2700 K LED灯泡(两个房间)。在每个采样日，立即采集血样并进行分析。结果表明，只有少数生理变量受到治疗的影响，但年龄对大多数被检查的变量有影响。治疗或年龄对血浆皮质酮没有影响，表明生理应激水平相似。
{"title":"Age-related effects of high-frequency LED lighting in laying hens. Part 1: blood physiological variables","authors":"H. Olanrewaju, J. Purswell, J. Evans, S. Collier, S. Branton","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0119","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Light impacts layer hen's welfare and production. This study investigated the effects of a novel LED light system on blood physiological variables in laying hens. In each of the two trials, 320-layer pullets were allocated to 16 groups of 20 birds. Treatments included the prototype LED lighting (two rooms) and the conventional 2700 K LED bulbs (two rooms). On each sampling day, blood samples were collected and analyzed immediately. Results show that only a few physiological variables were affected by treatments, but age had effects on most examined variables. No effects of treatments or age on plasma corticosterone signify a similar level of physiological stress.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"322 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63967921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. van Staaveren, E. Hyland, K. Houlahan, C. Lynch, F. Miglior, D. Kelton, F. Schenkel, C. Baes
Abstract Calf diseases remain a challenge for dairy producers from both an economic and welfare perspective. Genetically selecting for disease resistance in calves is a promising approach that could contribute to sustainable dairy farming. Genetic evaluations, however, require well-defined and consistently recorded phenotypes to be successful. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the current state of calf disease recording on Ontario farms. Calf disease records of respiratory illness and diarrhea were available from the national milk recording organization (Lactanet Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada) from 2009 to 2020. A case study was conducted to describe calf disease diagnoses and recording practices by surveying a subset of 13 Ontario dairy producers. The percentage of milk recorded farms that recorded calf respiratory illness and calf diarrhea increased from 2.6% in 2009 to 11.1% in 2020. Potential sources of data loss were identified along the information chain from farm to genetic evaluation database. Clear definitions and thresholds to diagnose calf disease, standard operating procedures for data recording, as well as a data transfer pipeline, which includes exchange formats, are needed to facilitate the inclusion of calf health traits in genetic evaluations.
{"title":"Recording of calf diseases for potential use in breeding programs: a case study on calf respiratory illness and diarrhea","authors":"N. van Staaveren, E. Hyland, K. Houlahan, C. Lynch, F. Miglior, D. Kelton, F. Schenkel, C. Baes","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Calf diseases remain a challenge for dairy producers from both an economic and welfare perspective. Genetically selecting for disease resistance in calves is a promising approach that could contribute to sustainable dairy farming. Genetic evaluations, however, require well-defined and consistently recorded phenotypes to be successful. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the current state of calf disease recording on Ontario farms. Calf disease records of respiratory illness and diarrhea were available from the national milk recording organization (Lactanet Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada) from 2009 to 2020. A case study was conducted to describe calf disease diagnoses and recording practices by surveying a subset of 13 Ontario dairy producers. The percentage of milk recorded farms that recorded calf respiratory illness and calf diarrhea increased from 2.6% in 2009 to 11.1% in 2020. Potential sources of data loss were identified along the information chain from farm to genetic evaluation database. Clear definitions and thresholds to diagnose calf disease, standard operating procedures for data recording, as well as a data transfer pipeline, which includes exchange formats, are needed to facilitate the inclusion of calf health traits in genetic evaluations.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"192 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46934247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract To date, no selective actions have been taken to improve milk traits in dairy donkeys, and the characteristics of the udder are not well defined in relation to the productive characteristics. This study aimed at increasing knowledge on Amiata dairy donkey body conformation, udder traits, and their relationship with milk yield and quality. Morphological, udder, and teat measurements and milk evaluations of 45 pluriparous jennies were carried out. The average wither height of the jennies was 126 cm and the chest girth was 148 cm; a large standard deviation of some body measurements was found. Forty-nine percent of the animals showed a moderately developed udder, while most of the jennies had symmetrical half-udders (96%) and the intermammary cleft was clearly visible in 53% of subjects. Correlation analysis indicated that bigger animals tend to have bigger udders, higher teat diameter, and greater distance between teat tips. A positive correlation between the teat length and the milk fat was found (p < 0.01), which suggests that jennies with longer teats have a better ability to release milk fat. The results of this paper may be useful to define the characteristics of the milking device and address selective choices of the animals.
{"title":"Amiata donkey body conformation, udder characteristics, and their relationship with milk yield and quality","authors":"F. Salari, I. Altomonte, C. Boselli, M. Martini","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0130","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To date, no selective actions have been taken to improve milk traits in dairy donkeys, and the characteristics of the udder are not well defined in relation to the productive characteristics. This study aimed at increasing knowledge on Amiata dairy donkey body conformation, udder traits, and their relationship with milk yield and quality. Morphological, udder, and teat measurements and milk evaluations of 45 pluriparous jennies were carried out. The average wither height of the jennies was 126 cm and the chest girth was 148 cm; a large standard deviation of some body measurements was found. Forty-nine percent of the animals showed a moderately developed udder, while most of the jennies had symmetrical half-udders (96%) and the intermammary cleft was clearly visible in 53% of subjects. Correlation analysis indicated that bigger animals tend to have bigger udders, higher teat diameter, and greater distance between teat tips. A positive correlation between the teat length and the milk fat was found (p < 0.01), which suggests that jennies with longer teats have a better ability to release milk fat. The results of this paper may be useful to define the characteristics of the milking device and address selective choices of the animals.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"128 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45232860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Note of appreciation","authors":"","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136246447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study quantified the distribution of animals by farm size for portions of the dairy, beef, swine, and poultry sectors using the 2016 Census of Agriculture. Results showed that the distribution of farm sizes and animal populations were skewed or bimodal and varied by livestock type and by province. Thus, the average farm size has little meaning. Recognizing farm size diversity is important for developing effective policies and programs, conducting appropriate research, and developing practices and technologies to support farms of all sizes.
{"title":"Farm size distribution in the Canadian livestock sector","authors":"A. VanderZaag, S. Bittman, M. Wellisch","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0075","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study quantified the distribution of animals by farm size for portions of the dairy, beef, swine, and poultry sectors using the 2016 Census of Agriculture. Results showed that the distribution of farm sizes and animal populations were skewed or bimodal and varied by livestock type and by province. Thus, the average farm size has little meaning. Recognizing farm size diversity is important for developing effective policies and programs, conducting appropriate research, and developing practices and technologies to support farms of all sizes.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"218 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46291356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study, the objectives were to (i) identify the magnitude of differences between dry heating, moisture heating, microwave irradiation, and no-heated treatments on chemical profiles, energy values, the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System fractions, rumen degradation, and intestinal digestion of newly developed oat (Avena sativa) varieties; (ii) investigate heating induced changes in the molecular structure of the grains with the use of vibrational attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy; and (iii) predict rumen degradability of the nutrients based on the molecular spectral profile obtained from ATR-FTIR. Duration and temperature for each processing treatment were established based on previous studies. Results showed that heat processing treatments altered CHO fractions with undegradable CHO fraction (CC) increased by moisture heating. The ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was successful in detecting the processing induced CHO molecular structure changes in oat grain. The CHO molecular profiles were correlated to chemical profile and in situ rumen degradation characteristics. Lastly, multiple regressions with best model variable selection for prediction of nutritional value were obtained. In conclusion, heat processing methods tended to affect both energy values and rumen degradation features. The CHO molecular structure spectral profiles could be used as potential predictors for heated oat grain degradation.
{"title":"Thermal processing induced changes on molecular structure spectral profile of carbohydrates and ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion characteristics of oat grains (Avena sativa) in dairy cows: comparison among dry heating vs. moisture heating vs. microwave irradiation","authors":"L. Prates, Carlene Nagy, P. Yu","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the objectives were to (i) identify the magnitude of differences between dry heating, moisture heating, microwave irradiation, and no-heated treatments on chemical profiles, energy values, the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System fractions, rumen degradation, and intestinal digestion of newly developed oat (Avena sativa) varieties; (ii) investigate heating induced changes in the molecular structure of the grains with the use of vibrational attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy; and (iii) predict rumen degradability of the nutrients based on the molecular spectral profile obtained from ATR-FTIR. Duration and temperature for each processing treatment were established based on previous studies. Results showed that heat processing treatments altered CHO fractions with undegradable CHO fraction (CC) increased by moisture heating. The ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was successful in detecting the processing induced CHO molecular structure changes in oat grain. The CHO molecular profiles were correlated to chemical profile and in situ rumen degradation characteristics. Lastly, multiple regressions with best model variable selection for prediction of nutritional value were obtained. In conclusion, heat processing methods tended to affect both energy values and rumen degradation features. The CHO molecular structure spectral profiles could be used as potential predictors for heated oat grain degradation.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"204 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45637499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of flavonoid supplementation to a low-protein diet (LCP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta bacterial count, and excreta gas emission of broilers. In total, 800 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers (BW; 42.90±1.43g) were randomly sorted into one of the 4 dietary treatments (10 pens/treatment; 20 birds/pen). Treatment diets were high-protein diet (HCP), basal diet; LCP, basal diet−2.5% protein; TRT1, LCP+0.025% quercetin; and TRT2, LCP+0.050% quercetin. Experimental diets were provided to broilers from days8 to 35. HCP, TRT1, and TRT2 showed higher body weight gain (BWG) than the LCP group during days8–21 and in the overall experiment. However, feed conversion ratio of the HCP group was improved than that of the LCP group during days8–21 and in the overall period. The increasing level of quercetin supplementations brought a linear increase in BWG. Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella counts in excreta samples of the experimental groups showed no significant difference. Flavonoid supplementation (0.050%) reduced drip loss in breast muscle more than that in the LCP group and showed a linear reduction. Through improved digestion, quercetin addition to an LCP reversed the BWG.
{"title":"Effect of quercetin supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta bacterial count, noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broilers when fed different protein diets","authors":"M. Hoque, I. Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of flavonoid supplementation to a low-protein diet (LCP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta bacterial count, and excreta gas emission of broilers. In total, 800 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers (BW; 42.90±1.43g) were randomly sorted into one of the 4 dietary treatments (10 pens/treatment; 20 birds/pen). Treatment diets were high-protein diet (HCP), basal diet; LCP, basal diet−2.5% protein; TRT1, LCP+0.025% quercetin; and TRT2, LCP+0.050% quercetin. Experimental diets were provided to broilers from days8 to 35. HCP, TRT1, and TRT2 showed higher body weight gain (BWG) than the LCP group during days8–21 and in the overall experiment. However, feed conversion ratio of the HCP group was improved than that of the LCP group during days8–21 and in the overall period. The increasing level of quercetin supplementations brought a linear increase in BWG. Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella counts in excreta samples of the experimental groups showed no significant difference. Flavonoid supplementation (0.050%) reduced drip loss in breast muscle more than that in the LCP group and showed a linear reduction. Through improved digestion, quercetin addition to an LCP reversed the BWG.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"185 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49235022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Palacio, A. Zambelis, S. Adam, R. Bergeron, D. Pellerin, D. Haley, T. DeVries, E. Vasseur
Abstract In a previous study (Assessment 1), an on-farm assessment tool was used to establish a standard across 60 Quebec dairy farms using animal-, stall-, and management-based measures of cow comfort. The objective of the present follow-up study (Assessment 2) was to perform a reassessment using an identical cow comfort assessment tool on a subset of the original farms expected to benefit most from applying the recommended changes, and to determine the effects of the modifications on cow comfort. From the subsample of farms, 24 reported applying stall modifications based on recommendations from Assessment 1 with the aim of promoting cow comfort (Adopters), while the remaining 10 farms did not (Non-adopters). The assessment tool included 19 target areas, grouped into 9 critical areas based on measures of cow comfort that considered housing, feed-water, health, and welfare. The on-farm report of Assessment 1 was found to increase producer awareness of issues in cow comfort measures on farms, as shown by an improvement in stall design according to recommendations based on cow body dimensions and reduced injury prevalence. Routine reassessment of cow comfort measures may be important to use in supporting target achievement improvements as part of welfare improvement strategies.
{"title":"Reassessing cow comfort measures on Canadian dairy farms after a recommendation of improvements","authors":"S. Palacio, A. Zambelis, S. Adam, R. Bergeron, D. Pellerin, D. Haley, T. DeVries, E. Vasseur","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a previous study (Assessment 1), an on-farm assessment tool was used to establish a standard across 60 Quebec dairy farms using animal-, stall-, and management-based measures of cow comfort. The objective of the present follow-up study (Assessment 2) was to perform a reassessment using an identical cow comfort assessment tool on a subset of the original farms expected to benefit most from applying the recommended changes, and to determine the effects of the modifications on cow comfort. From the subsample of farms, 24 reported applying stall modifications based on recommendations from Assessment 1 with the aim of promoting cow comfort (Adopters), while the remaining 10 farms did not (Non-adopters). The assessment tool included 19 target areas, grouped into 9 critical areas based on measures of cow comfort that considered housing, feed-water, health, and welfare. The on-farm report of Assessment 1 was found to increase producer awareness of issues in cow comfort measures on farms, as shown by an improvement in stall design according to recommendations based on cow body dimensions and reduced injury prevalence. Routine reassessment of cow comfort measures may be important to use in supporting target achievement improvements as part of welfare improvement strategies.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"174 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48055259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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