The objectives were to develop equations for predicting ileal digestible phosphorus (P) based on non-phytate P, phytate P, calcium to non-phytate P ratio, and exogenous phytase concentrations in broiler diets, and to evaluate the accuracy of the models. The Modified Michaelis–Menten model was used to predict apparent (AID) or standardized ileal digestible (SID) P in broiler diets. Two different methods were used to analyze 25 published ileal digestible P data to evaluate the accuracy of the equation for predicting AID P. The first method assessed mean and linear biases. While the mean bias was significant (P < 0.05), the linear bias was not significant. The second method involved regressing the 25 AID P data against those predicted by the current model. The results showed that the intercept and slope of the regression were not statistically different from 0 and 1, respectively. This suggests that the current equation accurately represents the test data. In conclusion, the accuracy of the model depends on validation processes. Considering that the current model was developed using various phytase products, it would be preferable to use an equation that is based on a single phytase product if requisite quantity of data is available.
目的是根据肉鸡日粮中的非植酸磷、植酸磷、钙与非植酸磷比率和外源植酸酶浓度，建立预测回肠可消化磷（P）的方程，并评估模型的准确性。改良迈克尔-门顿模型用于预测肉鸡日粮中的表观可消化磷（AID）或标准化回肠可消化磷（SID）。使用两种不同的方法分析了 25 个已发表的回肠可消化 P 数据，以评估该方程预测表观可消化 P 的准确性。虽然平均偏差显著（P < 0.05），但线性偏差并不显著。第二种方法是将 25 个 AID P 数据与当前模型预测的数据进行回归。结果显示，回归的截距和斜率分别与 0 和 1 没有统计学差异。这表明当前方程准确地代表了测试数据。总之，模型的准确性取决于验证过程。考虑到目前的模型是使用多种植酸酶产品开发的，如果有必要的数据量，最好使用基于单一植酸酶产品的方程。
{"title":"Prediction of ileal digestible phosphorus in broiler chicken diets supplemented with exogenous phytase","authors":"Jung Sung, O. Adeola","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0103","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives were to develop equations for predicting ileal digestible phosphorus (P) based on non-phytate P, phytate P, calcium to non-phytate P ratio, and exogenous phytase concentrations in broiler diets, and to evaluate the accuracy of the models. The Modified Michaelis–Menten model was used to predict apparent (AID) or standardized ileal digestible (SID) P in broiler diets. Two different methods were used to analyze 25 published ileal digestible P data to evaluate the accuracy of the equation for predicting AID P. The first method assessed mean and linear biases. While the mean bias was significant (P < 0.05), the linear bias was not significant. The second method involved regressing the 25 AID P data against those predicted by the current model. The results showed that the intercept and slope of the regression were not statistically different from 0 and 1, respectively. This suggests that the current equation accurately represents the test data. In conclusion, the accuracy of the model depends on validation processes. Considering that the current model was developed using various phytase products, it would be preferable to use an equation that is based on a single phytase product if requisite quantity of data is available.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138978955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhanhong Gao, S. A. Raza, Boyan Ma, Fengshuo Zhang, Shengzhen Hou, Hessah Alshammar, Essam Eldin Abdelhady Salama, W. Abdulmonem, Y. M. Alharbi, Abdullah S. M. Aljohani, A. El-Mansi, A. A. Abd El-Aziz, B. Aloufi, Linsheng Gui
The calpastatin gene has been extensively studied as a candidate gene because of its regulatory function within muscle development of animals. However, little is known about the association between variation of the calpastatin gene and growth traits in Tibetan sheep. Using DNA sequencing, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) g.3844A>G, g.88874T>C, g.89126C>T and g.89157A>C were identified in this study. An association analysis indicates that the g.3844A>G and g.89126C>T polymorphisms affected body weight (P<0.05). The g.89157A>C polymorphism was a significantly correlated with body weight and chest circumference (P<0.05). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed that the expression of calpastatin gene presented an increasing trend with an increase in age. Remarkably lower mRNA expression was detected at the fetal stage compared with adult ewes (P<0.05). These findings indicated that the calpastatin gene polymorphisms were involved in growth-related traits in Tibetan sheep, which can be considered as genetic markers for improving the growth traits of Chinese Tibetan sheep.
{"title":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Calpastatin Gene and the Association with Growth Traits in Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries)","authors":"Zhanhong Gao, S. A. Raza, Boyan Ma, Fengshuo Zhang, Shengzhen Hou, Hessah Alshammar, Essam Eldin Abdelhady Salama, W. Abdulmonem, Y. M. Alharbi, Abdullah S. M. Aljohani, A. El-Mansi, A. A. Abd El-Aziz, B. Aloufi, Linsheng Gui","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0102","url":null,"abstract":"The calpastatin gene has been extensively studied as a candidate gene because of its regulatory function within muscle development of animals. However, little is known about the association between variation of the calpastatin gene and growth traits in Tibetan sheep. Using DNA sequencing, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) g.3844A>G, g.88874T>C, g.89126C>T and g.89157A>C were identified in this study. An association analysis indicates that the g.3844A>G and g.89126C>T polymorphisms affected body weight (P<0.05). The g.89157A>C polymorphism was a significantly correlated with body weight and chest circumference (P<0.05). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed that the expression of calpastatin gene presented an increasing trend with an increase in age. Remarkably lower mRNA expression was detected at the fetal stage compared with adult ewes (P<0.05). These findings indicated that the calpastatin gene polymorphisms were involved in growth-related traits in Tibetan sheep, which can be considered as genetic markers for improving the growth traits of Chinese Tibetan sheep.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qianqian Zhang, Sungbo Cho, Sumya Qianqian Kibria, Inho Kim
This study investigated the effects of the multi-probiotics consisting of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) with varying doses (0, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and cecal microbes of male broiler chickens. Seven hundred and twenty Ross 308, 1-d-old male broiler chickes were distributed into 4 dietary groups. Over 35 d of feeding, the average daily gain (ADG) was linearly elevated (P < 0.05) during d1-21 and 1 to 35 as probiotic doses increased.The average daily feed intake (ADFI) tended to be linearly (P = 0.059) increased from d 22 to 35, and was improved from d 1 to 35 (P = 0.031). Ascending doses of multi-probiotics tended to (P = 0.060) reduce Clostridium perfringens counts on d 35 and prompted (P = 0.001) the proliferation of Lactobacillus. Moreover, broilers fed a 0.1% dose of multi-probiotics had a higher pH and water-holding capacity (P < 0.05) in the breast meat. In conclusion, the 0.2% multi-probiotics could boost ADG by improving ADFI and modulating the cecal microbe. The dietary 0.1% multi-probiotics contributed to better meat quality.
{"title":"Dietary Bacillus subtilis-and Clostridium butyricum-based probiotics supplement improves growth and meat quality, and alters microbiota in the excreta of broiler chickens","authors":"Qianqian Zhang, Sungbo Cho, Sumya Qianqian Kibria, Inho Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0076","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of the multi-probiotics consisting of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) with varying doses (0, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and cecal microbes of male broiler chickens. Seven hundred and twenty Ross 308, 1-d-old male broiler chickes were distributed into 4 dietary groups. Over 35 d of feeding, the average daily gain (ADG) was linearly elevated (P < 0.05) during d1-21 and 1 to 35 as probiotic doses increased.The average daily feed intake (ADFI) tended to be linearly (P = 0.059) increased from d 22 to 35, and was improved from d 1 to 35 (P = 0.031). Ascending doses of multi-probiotics tended to (P = 0.060) reduce Clostridium perfringens counts on d 35 and prompted (P = 0.001) the proliferation of Lactobacillus. Moreover, broilers fed a 0.1% dose of multi-probiotics had a higher pH and water-holding capacity (P < 0.05) in the breast meat. In conclusion, the 0.2% multi-probiotics could boost ADG by improving ADFI and modulating the cecal microbe. The dietary 0.1% multi-probiotics contributed to better meat quality.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. E. Carey, H. Lardner, T. A. McAllister, G. B. Penner
This study evaluated performance and ruminal fermentation for cows fed short-season high-moisture shelled corn stover with corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (COR) or barley greenfeed (BAR) that was either swathed (S-COR; S-BAR; Experiment 1) or baled (B-COR; B-BAR; Experiment 2) as winter-feeding systems. In Experiment 1, cows were randomly assigned to S-COR or S-BAR and fed for 52 d in the fields where crops were grown. Body weight (BW), subcutaneous rib and rump fat, and body condition score (BCS) were measured, with no differences detected between treatments (P > 0.05). However, S-COR had lower estimated dry matter intake (DMI) than S-BAR (P ≤ 0.03). In Experiment 2, cows were assigned to B-COR or B-BAR for 42 d and fed in field paddocks. Cows fed B-COR had lesser (P ≤ 0.01) DMI, final BW, rib fat, rump fat, and BCS than B-BAR, with no differences (P > 0.05) for ruminal pH. Total SCFA concentration was greater (P ≤ 0.05) on d 21 for B-BAR than B-COR, but not on d 42. Under western Canadian conditions COR may reduce DMI and performance of pregnant cows suggesting that additional preservation and supplementation strategies should be investigated.
{"title":"Performance and ruminal fermentation of second-trimester pregnant cows when fed short-season high-moisture corn stover or barley greenfeed during winter in western Canada","authors":"R. E. Carey, H. Lardner, T. A. McAllister, G. B. Penner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated performance and ruminal fermentation for cows fed short-season high-moisture shelled corn stover with corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (COR) or barley greenfeed (BAR) that was either swathed (S-COR; S-BAR; Experiment 1) or baled (B-COR; B-BAR; Experiment 2) as winter-feeding systems. In Experiment 1, cows were randomly assigned to S-COR or S-BAR and fed for 52 d in the fields where crops were grown. Body weight (BW), subcutaneous rib and rump fat, and body condition score (BCS) were measured, with no differences detected between treatments (P > 0.05). However, S-COR had lower estimated dry matter intake (DMI) than S-BAR (P ≤ 0.03). In Experiment 2, cows were assigned to B-COR or B-BAR for 42 d and fed in field paddocks. Cows fed B-COR had lesser (P ≤ 0.01) DMI, final BW, rib fat, rump fat, and BCS than B-BAR, with no differences (P > 0.05) for ruminal pH. Total SCFA concentration was greater (P ≤ 0.05) on d 21 for B-BAR than B-COR, but not on d 42. Under western Canadian conditions COR may reduce DMI and performance of pregnant cows suggesting that additional preservation and supplementation strategies should be investigated.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikaela G Evans, G. Ribeiro, Darren Henry, Jordan A. Johnson, John R Campbell, Cheryl Waldner, G. B. Penner
This study evaluated the effects of 1) increasing the concentration of sulfate in drinking water on dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, ruminal fermentation, and apparent total-tract digestibility; and 2) water sulfate concentration and bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) dose on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Eight ruminally cannulated beef heifers (382 ± 45 kg) were used in a replicated incomplete 3 × 3 Latin square design. Water treatments contained 342 ± 29 (LS), 2,785 ± 72 (MS), or 4,948 ± 163 mg/L (HS) sulfate. Ruminal digesta was collected to evaluate water sulfate and BSS dose (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% dry matter) on ruminal H2S production in vitro. Water intake increased linearly as water sulfate concentration increased (P = 0.002) but DMI was not affected. Heifers drinking MS and HS had greater ruminal H2S at 10.5 h after water provision than LS (sulfate × time, P < 0.001). In vitro H2S production (µg and µg/mL of rumen inoculum) increased and plateaued with increasing sulfate (P < 0.001) and was linearly reduced (P < 0.001) by increasing BSS dose. Increasing water sulfate concentrations did not negatively affect water or feed intake but increased ruminal H2S concentrations. Bismuth subsalicylate may reduce H2S production.
{"title":"Effect of sodium sulfate concentration in drinking water for beef heifers, and the in vitro effect of bismuth subsalicylate on H2S production and fibre disappearance","authors":"Mikaela G Evans, G. Ribeiro, Darren Henry, Jordan A. Johnson, John R Campbell, Cheryl Waldner, G. B. Penner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0054","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effects of 1) increasing the concentration of sulfate in drinking water on dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, ruminal fermentation, and apparent total-tract digestibility; and 2) water sulfate concentration and bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) dose on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Eight ruminally cannulated beef heifers (382 ± 45 kg) were used in a replicated incomplete 3 × 3 Latin square design. Water treatments contained 342 ± 29 (LS), 2,785 ± 72 (MS), or 4,948 ± 163 mg/L (HS) sulfate. Ruminal digesta was collected to evaluate water sulfate and BSS dose (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% dry matter) on ruminal H2S production in vitro. Water intake increased linearly as water sulfate concentration increased (P = 0.002) but DMI was not affected. Heifers drinking MS and HS had greater ruminal H2S at 10.5 h after water provision than LS (sulfate × time, P < 0.001). In vitro H2S production (µg and µg/mL of rumen inoculum) increased and plateaued with increasing sulfate (P < 0.001) and was linearly reduced (P < 0.001) by increasing BSS dose. Increasing water sulfate concentrations did not negatively affect water or feed intake but increased ruminal H2S concentrations. Bismuth subsalicylate may reduce H2S production.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María E. Rodríguez Espinosa, V. Guevara-Oquendo, David A. Christensen, Peiqiang Yu
Introducing new feeds for feeding options requires reliable information to prove beneficial impacts on animal productivity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of 10% inclusion of raw Faba bean seeds (R-FBS) and steam-pressure toasted FBS (SP-FBS) on dairy production performance and metabolism. Snowbird FBS were processed by steam pressure toasting (SPT) at 121°C for 0, 7.5, 15, and 30 min. Total mixed rations (TMRs) were prepared using R-FBS (FBS0) and SP-FBS (FBS7.5, FBS15, and FBS30). The TMRs were fed to cows (2nd and 3rd lactation, 69±15 DIM, and 720 kg mean BW) for 120 days (November 2020 to February 2021). Data were analyzed using a repeated 4×4 LSD model with treatment as the fixed effect and cows as the random effect. Feed efficiency was linearly decreased as processing times increased (P = 0.02) from 1.63 with FBS0 to 1.52 with FBS30. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) decreased from 12.18 with FBS0 to 11.10 mg/dl with FBS30 (linear P < 0.01). Heating FBS for 7.5 min could be suitable for increasing milk fat and feed efficiency in dairy cows. We believe that high-lactating dairy cows can be fed locally grown Faba beans to support their production performance.
{"title":"The Effects of Raw and Steam-Pressure Toasted Faba Bean Seeds in the Production Performance in Lactating Dairy Cows","authors":"María E. Rodríguez Espinosa, V. Guevara-Oquendo, David A. Christensen, Peiqiang Yu","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Introducing new feeds for feeding options requires reliable information to prove beneficial impacts on animal productivity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of 10% inclusion of raw Faba bean seeds (R-FBS) and steam-pressure toasted FBS (SP-FBS) on dairy production performance and metabolism. Snowbird FBS were processed by steam pressure toasting (SPT) at 121°C for 0, 7.5, 15, and 30 min. Total mixed rations (TMRs) were prepared using R-FBS (FBS0) and SP-FBS (FBS7.5, FBS15, and FBS30). The TMRs were fed to cows (2nd and 3rd lactation, 69±15 DIM, and 720 kg mean BW) for 120 days (November 2020 to February 2021). Data were analyzed using a repeated 4×4 LSD model with treatment as the fixed effect and cows as the random effect. Feed efficiency was linearly decreased as processing times increased (P = 0.02) from 1.63 with FBS0 to 1.52 with FBS30. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) decreased from 12.18 with FBS0 to 11.10 mg/dl with FBS30 (linear P < 0.01). Heating FBS for 7.5 min could be suitable for increasing milk fat and feed efficiency in dairy cows. We believe that high-lactating dairy cows can be fed locally grown Faba beans to support their production performance.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyi Wei, Benjamin M Bohrer, B. Uttaro, Manuel Juárez
Image analysis of ventral, anterior, and posterior ends of 550 pork loins was used to classify extreme-coloured centre chops. Only the ventral side was strongly correlated ( r = 0.79) to the centre chop. Thresholds at 2.5th, 5th, and 7.5th percentiles of ventral surface pale pork were selected to classify centre chop pale pork (5th percentile). Increasing stringency increased accuracy in excluding pale samples. At the 7.5th percentile, prediction accuracy of pale (85.7%) and non-pale samples (89.5%) was balanced. This method can be adopted by commercial pork processors as a classification or pre-sorting approach.
{"title":"Centre pork chop colour classification using image analysis on the ventral surface of the loin","authors":"Xinyi Wei, Benjamin M Bohrer, B. Uttaro, Manuel Juárez","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Image analysis of ventral, anterior, and posterior ends of 550 pork loins was used to classify extreme-coloured centre chops. Only the ventral side was strongly correlated ( r = 0.79) to the centre chop. Thresholds at 2.5th, 5th, and 7.5th percentiles of ventral surface pale pork were selected to classify centre chop pale pork (5th percentile). Increasing stringency increased accuracy in excluding pale samples. At the 7.5th percentile, prediction accuracy of pale (85.7%) and non-pale samples (89.5%) was balanced. This method can be adopted by commercial pork processors as a classification or pre-sorting approach.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134993769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the dietary effects of Quillaja saponin (QS) and seaweed (SW) on growth performance, fecal score, and gas emissions in weaning pigs. A total of 120, 21-day old crossbred ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) weaning pigs were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. These dietary treatments consisted of (1) TRT1: CON (basal diet), (2) TRT2: CON + 200 mg/kg QS, and (3) TRT3: CON + 500 mg/kg SW. Pigs were raised in 10 replicate pens per treatment (two males per pen and two females per pen) for 5 weeks based on body weight and sex. The inclusion of QS significantly ( p < 0.05) increased average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the overall period compared to the control diet. Moreover, the tendency to increase ADG was found at weeks 1 and 5, whereas ADFI showed a tendency to increase at week 1 with the supplementation of QS compared to the CON diet. However, the feed conversion ratio, fecal score, and gas emission failed to show significant effects throughout the experiment. In summary, QS has a beneficial effect on the growth performance of weaning pigs without any negative effect on gas emission and fecal score.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加藜皂苷(QS)和海藻(SW)对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便评分和气体排放的影响。选取120头21日龄杂交([约克×长白]×杜洛克)断奶猪，随机分为3个处理组。这些饲粮处理包括(1)TRT1: CON(基础饲粮)、(2)TRT2: CON + 200 mg/kg QS和(3)TRT3: CON + 500 mg/kg SW。根据猪的体重和性别，每处理10个重复栏(每栏2公，每栏2母)饲养5周。QS的加入显著(p <0.05)提高了全期平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)。此外，在第1周和第5周，添加QS有增加ADG的趋势，而在第1周，与CON相比，添加QS有增加ADFI的趋势。然而，在整个试验过程中，饲料系数、粪便评分和气体排放均未表现出显著的影响。综上所述，QS对断奶仔猪的生长性能有有益影响，对仔猪的气体排放和粪便评分无负面影响。
{"title":"Inclusion of dietary Quillaja saponin and seaweed on growth efficiency, noxious gas emissions, and fecal score in weaning pigs","authors":"Sharif uddin Khan, Jun Ho Song, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the dietary effects of Quillaja saponin (QS) and seaweed (SW) on growth performance, fecal score, and gas emissions in weaning pigs. A total of 120, 21-day old crossbred ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) weaning pigs were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. These dietary treatments consisted of (1) TRT1: CON (basal diet), (2) TRT2: CON + 200 mg/kg QS, and (3) TRT3: CON + 500 mg/kg SW. Pigs were raised in 10 replicate pens per treatment (two males per pen and two females per pen) for 5 weeks based on body weight and sex. The inclusion of QS significantly ( p < 0.05) increased average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the overall period compared to the control diet. Moreover, the tendency to increase ADG was found at weeks 1 and 5, whereas ADFI showed a tendency to increase at week 1 with the supplementation of QS compared to the CON diet. However, the feed conversion ratio, fecal score, and gas emission failed to show significant effects throughout the experiment. In summary, QS has a beneficial effect on the growth performance of weaning pigs without any negative effect on gas emission and fecal score.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135191980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shanchuan Cao, Sungbo Cho, Jae Hong Park, Yangseon Kim, In Ho Kim
A total of 180 growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial body weight (BW) of 23.58 ± 0.8 kg were used in this experiment. According to initial BW and sex, pigs were randomly allotted three dietary treatments, 12 replicates (pen) per treatment, and five pigs per pen. The three dietary treatments were basal diet (CON) and basal diet supplemented with either 0.1% Bacillus and Saccharomyce s spp.-based probiotics complex (BS1) or 0.2% probiotics complex (BS2). The whole experiment lasted 42 days. The results showed that the BW of pigs fed the BS1 diet was significantly higher than those fed the CON diet on day 42 ( P < 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) of pigs receiving BS1 and BS2 diets was higher than those fed CON diet during days 21–42, whereas during the overall experiment period ADG ( P < 0.05) was higher in only BS1 compared with CON group. The NH 3 and H 2 S emissions on day 42 were reduced from the feces of pigs fed probiotic complex-supplemented diets. Therefore, adding 0.1% probiotic complex to the late-phase diet of growing pigs can more effectively improve BW and daily gain and reduce harmful gas emissions.
{"title":"Probiotic complex supplementation to growing pig’s diet enhances daily growth and reduces fecal gas emission","authors":"Shanchuan Cao, Sungbo Cho, Jae Hong Park, Yangseon Kim, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 180 growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial body weight (BW) of 23.58 ± 0.8 kg were used in this experiment. According to initial BW and sex, pigs were randomly allotted three dietary treatments, 12 replicates (pen) per treatment, and five pigs per pen. The three dietary treatments were basal diet (CON) and basal diet supplemented with either 0.1% Bacillus and Saccharomyce s spp.-based probiotics complex (BS1) or 0.2% probiotics complex (BS2). The whole experiment lasted 42 days. The results showed that the BW of pigs fed the BS1 diet was significantly higher than those fed the CON diet on day 42 ( P < 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) of pigs receiving BS1 and BS2 diets was higher than those fed CON diet during days 21–42, whereas during the overall experiment period ADG ( P < 0.05) was higher in only BS1 compared with CON group. The NH 3 and H 2 S emissions on day 42 were reduced from the feces of pigs fed probiotic complex-supplemented diets. Therefore, adding 0.1% probiotic complex to the late-phase diet of growing pigs can more effectively improve BW and daily gain and reduce harmful gas emissions.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the effects of mixed-species direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, gas emissions, meat quality, nutrient digestibility, and the fecal score of finishing pigs. A total of 100 crossbred finishing pigs ((Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc) weighing 58.97 ± 3.12 kg were randomly assigned to one of two diets (5 pigs per pen (2 barrows and 3 gilts); 50 pigs per treatment) in an 8-week trial. Dietary treatments comprised of the basal diet without probiotics control or basal diet + (0.1%) mixed probiotics (DFM). Mixed DFM supplementation showed a tendency to increase ( P = 0.093) the body weight of finishing pigs during day 56. Comparing mixed DFM with the control diet, mixed probiotics significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 5–8 ( P = 0.024) and overall ( P = 0.013). DFM-supplemented diets reduced the emission of CH 4 and NH 3 significantly at weeks 4 and 8 compared with control. DFM supplementation did not affect H 2 S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acid, or CO 2 emissions. Mixed DFM supplementation showed a tendency to increase ( P = 0.07) nitrogen digestibility. Pigs receiving mixed DFM had improved ADG and reduced NH 3 and CH 4 emissions without affecting meat quality, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbes, and fecal score.
{"title":"An evaluation of the effects of dietary mixed-species direct-fed microbial (probiotic) on growth performance, gas emissions, meat quality, nutrient digestibility, and fecal score in finishing pigs","authors":"Sumaya Tanzin Wahid, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0043","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of mixed-species direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, gas emissions, meat quality, nutrient digestibility, and the fecal score of finishing pigs. A total of 100 crossbred finishing pigs ((Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc) weighing 58.97 ± 3.12 kg were randomly assigned to one of two diets (5 pigs per pen (2 barrows and 3 gilts); 50 pigs per treatment) in an 8-week trial. Dietary treatments comprised of the basal diet without probiotics control or basal diet + (0.1%) mixed probiotics (DFM). Mixed DFM supplementation showed a tendency to increase ( P = 0.093) the body weight of finishing pigs during day 56. Comparing mixed DFM with the control diet, mixed probiotics significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 5–8 ( P = 0.024) and overall ( P = 0.013). DFM-supplemented diets reduced the emission of CH 4 and NH 3 significantly at weeks 4 and 8 compared with control. DFM supplementation did not affect H 2 S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acid, or CO 2 emissions. Mixed DFM supplementation showed a tendency to increase ( P = 0.07) nitrogen digestibility. Pigs receiving mixed DFM had improved ADG and reduced NH 3 and CH 4 emissions without affecting meat quality, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbes, and fecal score.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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