Abstract A total of 2340 as-hatched Cobb500 chicks were allocated to 9 treatments, each with 13 replicate pens to evaluate the effects of either three phytase enzymes in a P-deficient diet. Starter and finisher diets consisted of a positive control (PC) and negative control 1 and 2 (NC1 and NC2, respectively). The PC, NC1, and NC2 diets had Ca:avP (available phosphorus) ratios of 0.50, 0.33, and 0.43 in the starter feed, and 0.46, 0.22, and 0.35 in the finisher feed, respectively; NC1 diets were then supplemented with Phytaverse, Quantum Blue, and Axtra-PHY at 500 and 1000 FTU/kg. Enzyme type had significant effects on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and production efficiency factor during the 0–7-day period. Interactions between enzyme type and inclusion levels had a significant effect on feed intake (FI) at 1–21-day (P = 0.02) and 1–35-day (P = 0.031) age. While FI decreased as Axtra-PHY inclusion levels increased from 500 to 1000 FTU/kg feed, FI increased in birds supplemented with Quantum Blue, but with no effects on Phytaverse-supplemented birds. Increasing the enzyme dose to 1000 FTU/kg feed improved bone-breaking strength but did not affect growth performance, tibia ash, Ca, or P concentration of the birds. Résumé Un total de 2340 poussins Cobb500 éclos ont été alloués à neuf traitements, chacun avec 13 enclos répliqués pour évaluer la réponse des poulets à griller à trois enzymes phytases dans une diète déficiente en P. Les diètes de démarrage et de finition consistaient d’un témoin positif (PC — « positive control »), et témoins négatifs 1 et 2 (NC — « negative control »; NC1, NC2). Les diètes PC, NC1 et NC2 avaient des rapports Ca:P disponible (Ca:avP — « calcium:available P ») de 0,50, 0,33 et 0,43 dans la diète de démarrage; et 0,46, 0,22, 0,35 dans la diète de finition; les diètes NC1 étaient alors supplémentées de Phytaverse, Quantum Blue et Axtra-PHY à raison de 500 et 1000 FTU/kg. Le type d’enzyme a eu un effet significatif sur le gain de poids corporel, le taux de conversion alimentaire (FCR — « feed conversion ratio ») et le facteur d’efficacité de production (PEF — « production efficiency factor ») durant la période de 0 à 7 jours. Les interactions entre le type d’enzyme et les niveaux d’inclusion avaient des effets significatifs sur la consommation (FI — « feed intake ») aux jours 1 à 21 (P = 0,02) et jours 1 à 35 (P = 0,031) d’âge. Tandis que le FI diminuait avec l’augmentation des niveaux d’inclusion d’Axtra-PHY de 500 à 1000 FTU/kg d’aliments, le FI a augmenté chez les poulets ayant reçu des suppléments de Quantum Blue, et il n’y a pas eu d’effet chez les poulets ayant reçu les suppléments de Phytaverse. Augmenter la dose d’enzyme à 1000 FTU/kg d’aliments a amélioré la résistance aux fractures, mais n’a pas eu d’effet sur la performance de croissance, ni les cendres du tibia, ni les concentrations de Ca ou P des poulets. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
{"title":"Efficacy of three heat-stable microbial phytases on growth performance and bone development and strength of broilers fed diets deficient in available phosphorus","authors":"H. Solomon, F. A. Adejoro, T. Nkukwana","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2020-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2020-0188","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A total of 2340 as-hatched Cobb500 chicks were allocated to 9 treatments, each with 13 replicate pens to evaluate the effects of either three phytase enzymes in a P-deficient diet. Starter and finisher diets consisted of a positive control (PC) and negative control 1 and 2 (NC1 and NC2, respectively). The PC, NC1, and NC2 diets had Ca:avP (available phosphorus) ratios of 0.50, 0.33, and 0.43 in the starter feed, and 0.46, 0.22, and 0.35 in the finisher feed, respectively; NC1 diets were then supplemented with Phytaverse, Quantum Blue, and Axtra-PHY at 500 and 1000 FTU/kg. Enzyme type had significant effects on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and production efficiency factor during the 0–7-day period. Interactions between enzyme type and inclusion levels had a significant effect on feed intake (FI) at 1–21-day (P = 0.02) and 1–35-day (P = 0.031) age. While FI decreased as Axtra-PHY inclusion levels increased from 500 to 1000 FTU/kg feed, FI increased in birds supplemented with Quantum Blue, but with no effects on Phytaverse-supplemented birds. Increasing the enzyme dose to 1000 FTU/kg feed improved bone-breaking strength but did not affect growth performance, tibia ash, Ca, or P concentration of the birds. Résumé Un total de 2340 poussins Cobb500 éclos ont été alloués à neuf traitements, chacun avec 13 enclos répliqués pour évaluer la réponse des poulets à griller à trois enzymes phytases dans une diète déficiente en P. Les diètes de démarrage et de finition consistaient d’un témoin positif (PC — « positive control »), et témoins négatifs 1 et 2 (NC — « negative control »; NC1, NC2). Les diètes PC, NC1 et NC2 avaient des rapports Ca:P disponible (Ca:avP — « calcium:available P ») de 0,50, 0,33 et 0,43 dans la diète de démarrage; et 0,46, 0,22, 0,35 dans la diète de finition; les diètes NC1 étaient alors supplémentées de Phytaverse, Quantum Blue et Axtra-PHY à raison de 500 et 1000 FTU/kg. Le type d’enzyme a eu un effet significatif sur le gain de poids corporel, le taux de conversion alimentaire (FCR — « feed conversion ratio ») et le facteur d’efficacité de production (PEF — « production efficiency factor ») durant la période de 0 à 7 jours. Les interactions entre le type d’enzyme et les niveaux d’inclusion avaient des effets significatifs sur la consommation (FI — « feed intake ») aux jours 1 à 21 (P = 0,02) et jours 1 à 35 (P = 0,031) d’âge. Tandis que le FI diminuait avec l’augmentation des niveaux d’inclusion d’Axtra-PHY de 500 à 1000 FTU/kg d’aliments, le FI a augmenté chez les poulets ayant reçu des suppléments de Quantum Blue, et il n’y a pas eu d’effet chez les poulets ayant reçu les suppléments de Phytaverse. Augmenter la dose d’enzyme à 1000 FTU/kg d’aliments a amélioré la résistance aux fractures, mais n’a pas eu d’effet sur la performance de croissance, ni les cendres du tibia, ni les concentrations de Ca ou P des poulets. [Traduit par la Rédaction]","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"420 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47781918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Behrouzi, M. Colazo, Changxi Li, C. Fitzsimmons
The effect of residual feed intake (a measure of feed efficiency) adjusted for backfat thickness (RFIfat) on pregnancy rate (PR) was examined in Angus heifers over 2 yr. High- or Low-RFI heifers were timed artificially inseminated (TAI) with semen from High- or Low-RFI sires, respectively. There was a negative association (P < 0.05) between RFIfat value and PR in Year II for Low-RFI heifers. In Year I, the interaction between RFIfat and AI sires was significant in High-RFI heifers (P < 0.05) and tended to differ in Low-RFI heifers (P < 0.1). Therefore, selecting for feed efficiency may have negative consequences on fertility.
{"title":"First-service pregnancy rate among beef heifers with different residual feed intake","authors":"A. Behrouzi, M. Colazo, Changxi Li, C. Fitzsimmons","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0105","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of residual feed intake (a measure of feed efficiency) adjusted for backfat thickness (RFIfat) on pregnancy rate (PR) was examined in Angus heifers over 2 yr. High- or Low-RFI heifers were timed artificially inseminated (TAI) with semen from High- or Low-RFI sires, respectively. There was a negative association (P < 0.05) between RFIfat value and PR in Year II for Low-RFI heifers. In Year I, the interaction between RFIfat and AI sires was significant in High-RFI heifers (P < 0.05) and tended to differ in Low-RFI heifers (P < 0.1). Therefore, selecting for feed efficiency may have negative consequences on fertility.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43987676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twenty-four gestating sows and 24 lactating sows were randomly allotted to three diets with eight replicate sows per treatment in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Different sows were used in gestation and lactation periods. The hypothesis was that digestibility of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), and nutrients in lactating sows is not different from that in gestating sows. A corn–soybean-meal diet and two full-fat-rice-bran or defatted rice bran diets were used. Results indicated that regardless of diet, lactating sows had greater (P < 0.01) apparent total tract digestibility of GE, DM, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, and phosphorus than gestating sows.
{"title":"Comparative digestibility of energy, dry matter, and nutrients by gestating and lactating sows fed corn–soybean meal diets without or with full-fat or defatted rice bran","authors":"G. Casas, M. Oliveira, C. Espinosa, H. Stein","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0086","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-four gestating sows and 24 lactating sows were randomly allotted to three diets with eight replicate sows per treatment in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Different sows were used in gestation and lactation periods. The hypothesis was that digestibility of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), and nutrients in lactating sows is not different from that in gestating sows. A corn–soybean-meal diet and two full-fat-rice-bran or defatted rice bran diets were used. Results indicated that regardless of diet, lactating sows had greater (P < 0.01) apparent total tract digestibility of GE, DM, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, and phosphorus than gestating sows.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44284567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Campos, T. Chud, Hinayah Rojas de Oliveira, C. Baes, Á. Cánovas, F. Schenkel
Heat stress imposes a challenge to the dairy industry, even in northern latitudes. In this study, publicly available weather station data was combined with test-day records for milk, fat, and protein yields to identify the temperature-humidity index (THI) thresholds at which heat load starts affecting milk production traits in Canadian Holstein cows. Production loss per THI unit above the threshold for each trait was estimated. Test-day records from 2010-2019 from 166,749 cows raised in Ontario and from 221,214 cows raised in Quebec were analyzed. Annual economic losses due to heat stress were estimated from the average losses of fat and protein yields based on the annual average of 156 days with THI exceeding the calculated thresholds. Average thresholds for the daily maximum (THI_max) and daily average (THI_avg) THI estimated across lactations in both provinces were THI_max (THI_avg) 68 (64), 57 (50), and 60 (58) for milk, fat, and protein yield, respectively, indicating that milk components are more sensitive to heat stress. An economic loss of about $34.5 million per year was estimated. Our findings contribute to an initial investigation into the impact of heat stress on the Canadian dairy industry and provides a basis for genetic studies on heat tolerance.
{"title":"Using publicly available weather station data to investigate the effects of heat stress on milk production traits in Canadian Holstein cattle","authors":"I. Campos, T. Chud, Hinayah Rojas de Oliveira, C. Baes, Á. Cánovas, F. Schenkel","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0088","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress imposes a challenge to the dairy industry, even in northern latitudes. In this study, publicly available weather station data was combined with test-day records for milk, fat, and protein yields to identify the temperature-humidity index (THI) thresholds at which heat load starts affecting milk production traits in Canadian Holstein cows. Production loss per THI unit above the threshold for each trait was estimated. Test-day records from 2010-2019 from 166,749 cows raised in Ontario and from 221,214 cows raised in Quebec were analyzed. Annual economic losses due to heat stress were estimated from the average losses of fat and protein yields based on the annual average of 156 days with THI exceeding the calculated thresholds. Average thresholds for the daily maximum (THI_max) and daily average (THI_avg) THI estimated across lactations in both provinces were THI_max (THI_avg) 68 (64), 57 (50), and 60 (58) for milk, fat, and protein yield, respectively, indicating that milk components are more sensitive to heat stress. An economic loss of about $34.5 million per year was estimated. Our findings contribute to an initial investigation into the impact of heat stress on the Canadian dairy industry and provides a basis for genetic studies on heat tolerance.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47061674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Zaborski, Maria Soroko-Dubrovina, W. Grzesiak, M. Parafiniuk, A. Modrzejewski, Oleh Klym, O. Stadnytska, J. Wójcik
Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine correlations between udder skin surface temperatures and milk yield and estimated composition in dairy cows. The thermographic images of 34 Polish Holstein–Friesian black-and-white cows were taken in a milking parlor before and after milking. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated between the surface temperatures of the udder hind quarters and milk production traits controlling for age, parity, year, and milking time. Daily milk yield was weakly and nonsignificantly correlated with surface temperatures (rp ranging from −0.19 to 0.21), except for the mean and maximum temperatures of the left hind quarter after milking (rp = 0.40 and rp = 0.38, respectively). There were significant correlations of skin surface temperature with estimated fat content (rp = −0.55 to 0.48), protein content (rp = −0.39 to 0.42), fat yield (rp = −0.42 to 0.54), and protein yield (rp = 0.37 to 0.54). The estimated somatic cell count was significantly correlated with the minimum temperature (rp = −0.54 to −0.36). The estimated urea content was significantly correlated with the minimum temperature (rp = 0.52). A larger sample size is required in future research to confirm these preliminary results. Résumé Le but de la présente étude était de déterminer les corrélations entre les températures de surface de la peau du pis et le rendement et la composition estimés du lait chez les vaches laitières. Les images thermographiques de 34 vaches Holstein–Friesian black-and-white polonaises ont été prises dans une salle de traite avant et après la traite. Les coefficients de corrélation partielle ont été calculés entre la température de surface du pis de l’arrière-train et les caractéristiques de production de lait, en contrôlant pour l’âge, la parité, l’année et l’heure de traite. Il y avait une corrélation faible et non significative entre le rendement quotidien de lait et les températures de surface (rp allant de –0,19 à 0,21), sauf pour la température moyenne et maximale de l’arrière-train gauche après la traite (rp = 0,40 et rp = 0,38, respectivement). Il y avait des corrélations significatives entre la température de surface de la peau avec la teneur estimée en gras (rp = –0,55 à 0,48), la teneur en protéines (rp = –0,39 à 0,42), le rendement en gras (rp = –0,42 à 0,54) et le rendement en protéines (rp = 0,37 à 0,54). Il y avait une corrélation significative entre les estimations de numérations de cellules somatiques et les températures minimales (rp = –0,54 à –0,36). Il y avait une corrélation significative entre la teneur en urée et la température minimale (rp = 0,52). Une plus grande taille d’échantillon est nécessaire pour la recherche future afin de confirmer ces résultats préliminaires. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
{"title":"The relationship between udder skin surface temperature and milk production and composition in dairy cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758)","authors":"D. Zaborski, Maria Soroko-Dubrovina, W. Grzesiak, M. Parafiniuk, A. Modrzejewski, Oleh Klym, O. Stadnytska, J. Wójcik","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0092","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine correlations between udder skin surface temperatures and milk yield and estimated composition in dairy cows. The thermographic images of 34 Polish Holstein–Friesian black-and-white cows were taken in a milking parlor before and after milking. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated between the surface temperatures of the udder hind quarters and milk production traits controlling for age, parity, year, and milking time. Daily milk yield was weakly and nonsignificantly correlated with surface temperatures (rp ranging from −0.19 to 0.21), except for the mean and maximum temperatures of the left hind quarter after milking (rp = 0.40 and rp = 0.38, respectively). There were significant correlations of skin surface temperature with estimated fat content (rp = −0.55 to 0.48), protein content (rp = −0.39 to 0.42), fat yield (rp = −0.42 to 0.54), and protein yield (rp = 0.37 to 0.54). The estimated somatic cell count was significantly correlated with the minimum temperature (rp = −0.54 to −0.36). The estimated urea content was significantly correlated with the minimum temperature (rp = 0.52). A larger sample size is required in future research to confirm these preliminary results. Résumé Le but de la présente étude était de déterminer les corrélations entre les températures de surface de la peau du pis et le rendement et la composition estimés du lait chez les vaches laitières. Les images thermographiques de 34 vaches Holstein–Friesian black-and-white polonaises ont été prises dans une salle de traite avant et après la traite. Les coefficients de corrélation partielle ont été calculés entre la température de surface du pis de l’arrière-train et les caractéristiques de production de lait, en contrôlant pour l’âge, la parité, l’année et l’heure de traite. Il y avait une corrélation faible et non significative entre le rendement quotidien de lait et les températures de surface (rp allant de –0,19 à 0,21), sauf pour la température moyenne et maximale de l’arrière-train gauche après la traite (rp = 0,40 et rp = 0,38, respectivement). Il y avait des corrélations significatives entre la température de surface de la peau avec la teneur estimée en gras (rp = –0,55 à 0,48), la teneur en protéines (rp = –0,39 à 0,42), le rendement en gras (rp = –0,42 à 0,54) et le rendement en protéines (rp = 0,37 à 0,54). Il y avait une corrélation significative entre les estimations de numérations de cellules somatiques et les températures minimales (rp = –0,54 à –0,36). Il y avait une corrélation significative entre la teneur en urée et la température minimale (rp = 0,52). Une plus grande taille d’échantillon est nécessaire pour la recherche future afin de confirmer ces résultats préliminaires. [Traduit par la Rédaction]","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"411 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43636579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ferriman, J. Devos, A. Edwards, K. Wood, C. Campbell, I. Mandell
Over 2 years, 207 steers were fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet to determine growing phase (GP) residual feed intake (RFI) classification (low, medium, and high) for individual cattle. Steers were then allocated to two finishing management regimens (MR): MR 1 cattle gradually adjusted to an 84.7% concentrate (dry matter (DM) basis) diet; MR 2 included backgrounding on pasture before finishing using the same diet as MR 1 cattle. Treatment differences in growth performance were examined using GP and finishing phase (FP) RFI classifications. Based on GP RFI classification, FP average daily gain was greater in MR 2 cattle (P = 0.01) with no RFI classification differences for most FP performance traits. However, low-RFI steers had lower FP dry matter intake (DMI) and greater G:F (P ≤ 0.05) than high-RFI steers based on FP RFI classification. Low-RFI steers had fewer visits to the feeder with a lower eating rate than high-RFI steers in both production phases (P ≤ 0.05). Extensive RFI reranking occurred between production phases with 64.3% of steers changing RFI classification. Given extensive reranking in the present study, RFI classification was poorly repeatable between growing and finishing production phases when diverse diets are fed and does not accurately predict feed efficiency.
{"title":"Effects of nutritional management regimen and residual feed intake (RFI) classification on RFI reranking and feeding behaviour for finishing beef steers","authors":"N. Ferriman, J. Devos, A. Edwards, K. Wood, C. Campbell, I. Mandell","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Over 2 years, 207 steers were fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet to determine growing phase (GP) residual feed intake (RFI) classification (low, medium, and high) for individual cattle. Steers were then allocated to two finishing management regimens (MR): MR 1 cattle gradually adjusted to an 84.7% concentrate (dry matter (DM) basis) diet; MR 2 included backgrounding on pasture before finishing using the same diet as MR 1 cattle. Treatment differences in growth performance were examined using GP and finishing phase (FP) RFI classifications. Based on GP RFI classification, FP average daily gain was greater in MR 2 cattle (P = 0.01) with no RFI classification differences for most FP performance traits. However, low-RFI steers had lower FP dry matter intake (DMI) and greater G:F (P ≤ 0.05) than high-RFI steers based on FP RFI classification. Low-RFI steers had fewer visits to the feeder with a lower eating rate than high-RFI steers in both production phases (P ≤ 0.05). Extensive RFI reranking occurred between production phases with 64.3% of steers changing RFI classification. Given extensive reranking in the present study, RFI classification was poorly repeatable between growing and finishing production phases when diverse diets are fed and does not accurately predict feed efficiency.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47688542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Kelln, G. Penner, S. Acharya, T. McAllister, K. Larson, J. Mckinnon, B. Biligetu, H. Lardner
A five-year experiment evaluated the effects of sod-seeding sainfoin and cicer milkvetch into monoculture grass (Lanigan, SK) or legume (Lethbridge, AB) stands on pasture productivity, steer performance, and economics. At Lanigan, sainfoin decreased (treatment × year P = 0.01) from 13% in yr 1 to 2% in yr 2 (% plant population) and did not differ thereafter, while cicer milkvetch, maintained a proportion of 16% in the stand. Forage yield was greater (treatment × year; P < 0.01) in yr 1 in the sainfoin and cicer milkvetch treatments compared to control. DMI of steers was greater only in yr 5 and ADG was greater (P < 0.01) in sainfoin and cicer milkvetch treatments compared to control. At Lethbridge, sainfoin decreased (treatment × year; P = 0.01) from 46 to 17% (% DM yield), while cicer milkvetch maintained its proportion at 11%. Forage yield increased (treatment × year; P < 0.01) only in yr 2 and 3 of sainfoin, compared to cicer milkvetch or control. ADG gain was not affected by treatment. At Lanigan, sainfoin and cicer milkvetch generated greater gross returns compared to control; however, once establishment costs were applied there were no differences in present value of net returns.
{"title":"Effect of sod-seeding bloat-free legumes on pasture productivity, steer performance, and production economics","authors":"B. Kelln, G. Penner, S. Acharya, T. McAllister, K. Larson, J. Mckinnon, B. Biligetu, H. Lardner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0098","url":null,"abstract":"A five-year experiment evaluated the effects of sod-seeding sainfoin and cicer milkvetch into monoculture grass (Lanigan, SK) or legume (Lethbridge, AB) stands on pasture productivity, steer performance, and economics. At Lanigan, sainfoin decreased (treatment × year P = 0.01) from 13% in yr 1 to 2% in yr 2 (% plant population) and did not differ thereafter, while cicer milkvetch, maintained a proportion of 16% in the stand. Forage yield was greater (treatment × year; P < 0.01) in yr 1 in the sainfoin and cicer milkvetch treatments compared to control. DMI of steers was greater only in yr 5 and ADG was greater (P < 0.01) in sainfoin and cicer milkvetch treatments compared to control. At Lethbridge, sainfoin decreased (treatment × year; P = 0.01) from 46 to 17% (% DM yield), while cicer milkvetch maintained its proportion at 11%. Forage yield increased (treatment × year; P < 0.01) only in yr 2 and 3 of sainfoin, compared to cicer milkvetch or control. ADG gain was not affected by treatment. At Lanigan, sainfoin and cicer milkvetch generated greater gross returns compared to control; however, once establishment costs were applied there were no differences in present value of net returns.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43269670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Broiler breeder farms could be a reservoir of Escherichia coli, disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli from nine broiler breeder farms and characterised their resistance and virulence genes. A total of 256 E. coli showed a high level of resistance to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and cephalothin, followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. The resistance to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol showed significant differences among the farms. Among 202 β-lactam-resistant E. coli, 138 carried β-lactamase genes. The most prevalent β-lactamase gene was blaTEM-1, of which the presence differed significantly across the farms. Out of 197 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tetA and tetB were detected in 164 and 50, with significant differences among the farms. Also, 45 of 196 nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli carried qnrS while 67 of 149 trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant E. coli carried sul2. Among the five virulence genes tested, ompT was the most prevalent, and all genes except for iutA distributed significantly different among the farms. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E. coli were significantly different among the farms; therefore, management at the breeder level is required to control the vertical transmission of E. coli.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics of Escherichia coli from broiler breeder farms in Korea","authors":"S. Kim, Koeun Kim, Y. J. Lee","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0090","url":null,"abstract":"Broiler breeder farms could be a reservoir of Escherichia coli, disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli from nine broiler breeder farms and characterised their resistance and virulence genes. A total of 256 E. coli showed a high level of resistance to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and cephalothin, followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. The resistance to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol showed significant differences among the farms. Among 202 β-lactam-resistant E. coli, 138 carried β-lactamase genes. The most prevalent β-lactamase gene was blaTEM-1, of which the presence differed significantly across the farms. Out of 197 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tetA and tetB were detected in 164 and 50, with significant differences among the farms. Also, 45 of 196 nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli carried qnrS while 67 of 149 trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant E. coli carried sul2. Among the five virulence genes tested, ompT was the most prevalent, and all genes except for iutA distributed significantly different among the farms. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E. coli were significantly different among the farms; therefore, management at the breeder level is required to control the vertical transmission of E. coli.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47140752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Matallah, N. M'hamdi, F. Matallah, Zeineb Bounouala
Le but de la présente étude était d'examiner l’effet du type de stabulation sur le bien-être des vaches laitières de race Holstein dans les fermes du Nord-est algérien au niveau de quatre wilayas sur la base du protocole d'évaluation Welfare Quality® pour les bovins. Par conséquent, nous avons appliqué ce protocole à 50 fermes laitières en stabulation libre et à 50 en stabulation entravée. Un total de 2200 vaches laitières a été évalué en période hivernale. Il y avait des différences significatives entre les deux types de logements pour la majorité des critères étudiés : Confort autour de repos (33, 54±5,60 vs 22,34±2,70, absence de soif prolongée (42,40±6,60 vs 20, 40±6,60), facilité de mouvement (100,00±00 vs 44,50± 3,40) et absence de blessures (38,50±10,30 vs 25,12±8,40), cependant l'analyse des mesures liées indique d'importants échecs de gestion dans les deux types de logements dans la région d’étude. En effet, de multiples contraintes ont été observées d’ordre alimentaire (indisponibilité de fourrages et non maitrise du rationnement) et sanitaire (non-respect des normes hygiéniques). Cette situation nécessite d’informer et de communiquer avec l’éleveur sur ce qu’est réellement le bien‐être des animaux afin d’améliorer les conditions d’élevage.
本研究的目的是在阿尔及利亚东北部农场4个wilayas水平上，基于牛福利质量®评估方案，研究饲养类型对荷斯坦奶牛福利的影响。因此，我们将该方案应用于50个自由饲养的奶牛场和50个限制饲养的奶牛场。在冬季共评估了2200头奶牛。之间有显著差异,两种类型的宿舍周围大多数研究的标准:舒适的休息区(33、5400±5.60% vs 1994学年±2.7、无超期渴(标题2、40±20±6.60 vs 6.60)、运动设施(100.00±00 vs 44.50±3.40)和无伤(38.50±10,30 vs 512±8.40),不过相关措施的分析显示两类住房管理中的重大失误在研究区域。事实上，观察到许多与食品(无法获得饲料和无法控制配给)和卫生(不遵守卫生标准)有关的限制。这种情况需要告知农民，并与他们沟通什么是真正的动物福利，以改善饲养条件。
{"title":"Effet du type de stabulation sur le bien-être des vaches laitières en Algérie","authors":"S. Matallah, N. M'hamdi, F. Matallah, Zeineb Bounouala","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Le but de la présente étude était d'examiner l’effet du type de stabulation sur le bien-être des vaches laitières de race Holstein dans les fermes du Nord-est algérien au niveau de quatre wilayas sur la base du protocole d'évaluation Welfare Quality® pour les bovins. Par conséquent, nous avons appliqué ce protocole à 50 fermes laitières en stabulation libre et à 50 en stabulation entravée. Un total de 2200 vaches laitières a été évalué en période hivernale. Il y avait des différences significatives entre les deux types de logements pour la majorité des critères étudiés : Confort autour de repos (33, 54±5,60 vs 22,34±2,70, absence de soif prolongée (42,40±6,60 vs 20, 40±6,60), facilité de mouvement (100,00±00 vs 44,50± 3,40) et absence de blessures (38,50±10,30 vs 25,12±8,40), cependant l'analyse des mesures liées indique d'importants échecs de gestion dans les deux types de logements dans la région d’étude. En effet, de multiples contraintes ont été observées d’ordre alimentaire (indisponibilité de fourrages et non maitrise du rationnement) et sanitaire (non-respect des normes hygiéniques). Cette situation nécessite d’informer et de communiquer avec l’éleveur sur ce qu’est réellement le bien‐être des animaux afin d’améliorer les conditions d’élevage.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41434432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sureshkumar, Woo Jong Seok, S. Ha, S. Jin, I. Kim
A total of 195 finishing pigs with an average body weight of 78.65 ± 0.09 kg were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a 28 days trial. The designated nutritional diets were as follows: CON; TRT1- CON + 0.2% coated refined fish oil; TRT2- CON + 10% barley + 0.2% coated refined fish oil. The inclusion of coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet significantly increased body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of finishing pigs throughout the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, pigs fed coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet showed a significant improvement on nutrient digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen. Moreover, gas emission of NH3 and H2S concentration were significantly reduced. Also, drip loss during days 5 and 7 was significantly decreased in meat quality analysis of pigs fed coated refined fish oil supplemented to a barley-based diet. Furthermore, dietary coated refined fish oil with barley-based diet had significantly increased fatty acid profile of belly meat and reduced belly fat. In summary, the inclusion of coated refined fish oil with barley diet positively impacts on growth performance and nutritional values of meat quality in finishing pigs
{"title":"Supplemental effect of coated refined fish oil on the performance of finishing pigs fed diets containing soybean-meal as a partial alternative to barley or wheat feed ingredient","authors":"S. Sureshkumar, Woo Jong Seok, S. Ha, S. Jin, I. Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0057","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 195 finishing pigs with an average body weight of 78.65 ± 0.09 kg were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a 28 days trial. The designated nutritional diets were as follows: CON; TRT1- CON + 0.2% coated refined fish oil; TRT2- CON + 10% barley + 0.2% coated refined fish oil. The inclusion of coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet significantly increased body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of finishing pigs throughout the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, pigs fed coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet showed a significant improvement on nutrient digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen. Moreover, gas emission of NH3 and H2S concentration were significantly reduced. Also, drip loss during days 5 and 7 was significantly decreased in meat quality analysis of pigs fed coated refined fish oil supplemented to a barley-based diet. Furthermore, dietary coated refined fish oil with barley-based diet had significantly increased fatty acid profile of belly meat and reduced belly fat. In summary, the inclusion of coated refined fish oil with barley diet positively impacts on growth performance and nutritional values of meat quality in finishing pigs","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44831383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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