Miranda Buchinski, M. O. Wellington, Carley M Camiré, J. Panisson, A. Shoveller, D. Columbus
Inclusion of a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) may improve essential amino acid (EAA) and nitrogen (N) utilization in N-limiting diets. Growing barrows (20.4 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 10 dietary treatments (n=9 pigs/treatment) in 9 blocks. Diets contained no ammonium phosphate (NAP) or 1.7% ammonium phosphate (AP) to have an EAA-N:total N ratio of 0.36 and 0.33, respectively, with graded levels of dietary Lys [0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1% and 1.2% standardized ileal digestible (SID)]. Following a 7-d dietary adaptation, a 4-d N-balance collection period was conducted. Blood samples were obtained on d 2 of the collection period. Nitrogen-retention increased and urinary N output decreased with inclusion of NPN and increasing Lys (P < 0.01). Plasma urea N decreased with increasing Lys (P < 0.05). Total plasma EAA content was reduced with NPN supplementation (P < 0.05), while content of Arg, Asp, Gln and Glu were increased (P < 0.01). The linear breakpoint model indicated NR was maximized at 1.00% SID Lys in NAP-fed pigs and at 1.09% SID Lys in AP-fed pigs. These results indicate that diets deficient in dietary N reduce NR and Lys requirement, which were in turn increased with NPN supplementation.
{"title":"Effect of dietary nitrogen content and ammonium phosphate inclusion on lysine requirement for nitrogen retention in growing pigs","authors":"Miranda Buchinski, M. O. Wellington, Carley M Camiré, J. Panisson, A. Shoveller, D. Columbus","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0111","url":null,"abstract":"Inclusion of a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) may improve essential amino acid (EAA) and nitrogen (N) utilization in N-limiting diets. Growing barrows (20.4 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 10 dietary treatments (n=9 pigs/treatment) in 9 blocks. Diets contained no ammonium phosphate (NAP) or 1.7% ammonium phosphate (AP) to have an EAA-N:total N ratio of 0.36 and 0.33, respectively, with graded levels of dietary Lys [0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1% and 1.2% standardized ileal digestible (SID)]. Following a 7-d dietary adaptation, a 4-d N-balance collection period was conducted. Blood samples were obtained on d 2 of the collection period. Nitrogen-retention increased and urinary N output decreased with inclusion of NPN and increasing Lys (P < 0.01). Plasma urea N decreased with increasing Lys (P < 0.05). Total plasma EAA content was reduced with NPN supplementation (P < 0.05), while content of Arg, Asp, Gln and Glu were increased (P < 0.01). The linear breakpoint model indicated NR was maximized at 1.00% SID Lys in NAP-fed pigs and at 1.09% SID Lys in AP-fed pigs. These results indicate that diets deficient in dietary N reduce NR and Lys requirement, which were in turn increased with NPN supplementation.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"16 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac Asante Aboagye, Gayathri Valappil, Baishali Dutta, Hugues Imbeault-Tétreault, K. Ominski, Marcos Cordeiro, R. Kröbel, S. Pogue, T. A. McAllister
This study assessed the environmental impacts of beef cattle production and their effects on the overall sustainability of Canadian beef production. Cradle to farm gate, cradle to processor’s gate, and cradle to consumer plate life cycle assessments were carried out to quantify greenhouse gases (GHG), resource use (i.e., water, land, and fuel), and potential water and air pollution (i.e., freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial acidification and photochemical oxidants formation). Across the production chain, feed production had the greatest impact on most environmental indicators. The GHG intensity without dairy meat was estimated as 10.4 kg CO2-eq/kg live weight (LW), corresponding to 32.8 kg CO2-eq/kg consumed boneless beef. Including dairy meat reduced GHG intensity by 5.8% (0.6 kg CO2-eq/kg LW) compared to when it was excluded. Other environmental metrics per kg of LW were 657 L, 38.7 m2 annual crop-eq, 0.4 kg oil-eq, 2.6 kg P-eq, 115.9 kg SO2-eq, and 8.7 kg NOx-eq for water use, land use, fossil fuel use, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial acidification, and photochemical oxidants, respectively. Data provide benchmarks for use in future regional and national assessments that are designed to encourage the adoption of sustainable management practices that can lower the environmental footprint of Canadian beef production.
{"title":"An Assessment of the Environmental Sustainability of Beef Production in Canada","authors":"Isaac Asante Aboagye, Gayathri Valappil, Baishali Dutta, Hugues Imbeault-Tétreault, K. Ominski, Marcos Cordeiro, R. Kröbel, S. Pogue, T. A. McAllister","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0077","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the environmental impacts of beef cattle production and their effects on the overall sustainability of Canadian beef production. Cradle to farm gate, cradle to processor’s gate, and cradle to consumer plate life cycle assessments were carried out to quantify greenhouse gases (GHG), resource use (i.e., water, land, and fuel), and potential water and air pollution (i.e., freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial acidification and photochemical oxidants formation). Across the production chain, feed production had the greatest impact on most environmental indicators. The GHG intensity without dairy meat was estimated as 10.4 kg CO2-eq/kg live weight (LW), corresponding to 32.8 kg CO2-eq/kg consumed boneless beef. Including dairy meat reduced GHG intensity by 5.8% (0.6 kg CO2-eq/kg LW) compared to when it was excluded. Other environmental metrics per kg of LW were 657 L, 38.7 m2 annual crop-eq, 0.4 kg oil-eq, 2.6 kg P-eq, 115.9 kg SO2-eq, and 8.7 kg NOx-eq for water use, land use, fossil fuel use, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial acidification, and photochemical oxidants, respectively. Data provide benchmarks for use in future regional and national assessments that are designed to encourage the adoption of sustainable management practices that can lower the environmental footprint of Canadian beef production.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"50 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a 42-day study, 195 growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) weighing 23.83 ± 1.95 kg were randomly divided into three treatments, each with 13 replicates and five pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. The treatments were: Control (CON) - basal diet, and basal diet with 3% and 6% almond hull as treatment (TRT) 1 and 2, respectively. The results show a significant increase (p < 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) for both treatment 1 and treatment 2 by week 6 when compared to the control group. This improvement in ADG and ADFI exhibits a consistent trend (p < 0.10) throughout the overall trial period in comparison to the control group. Additionally, there is a tendency for enhanced gain ratio to feed (G:F) at the end of week 6 (p < 0.10) in comparison to the control group and remained constant (p > 0.05). No significant impact (p > 0.05) on nutrient digestibility and fecal microbiota was observed. However, NH3 gas showed a tendency to decrease (p < 0.10). Results suggested that almond hulls could improve growth and reduce ammonia gas without adverse effects on digestion, microbiota, and fecal score.
{"title":"Effect of dietary almond hull on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal score, and noxious gas emission in growing pigs.","authors":"Golam Sagir Ahammad, Chai Bin Lim, Inho Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0072","url":null,"abstract":"In a 42-day study, 195 growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) weighing 23.83 ± 1.95 kg were randomly divided into three treatments, each with 13 replicates and five pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. The treatments were: Control (CON) - basal diet, and basal diet with 3% and 6% almond hull as treatment (TRT) 1 and 2, respectively. The results show a significant increase (p < 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) for both treatment 1 and treatment 2 by week 6 when compared to the control group. This improvement in ADG and ADFI exhibits a consistent trend (p < 0.10) throughout the overall trial period in comparison to the control group. Additionally, there is a tendency for enhanced gain ratio to feed (G:F) at the end of week 6 (p < 0.10) in comparison to the control group and remained constant (p > 0.05). No significant impact (p > 0.05) on nutrient digestibility and fecal microbiota was observed. However, NH3 gas showed a tendency to decrease (p < 0.10). Results suggested that almond hulls could improve growth and reduce ammonia gas without adverse effects on digestion, microbiota, and fecal score.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Ketata, M. Letourneau-Montminy, Frédéric Guay
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary zinc and copper levels on their apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD), and that of calcium, manganese, iron, phosphorus, and fibre in pigs. The experiment was carried out with six individuals fitted with a T-cannula. Pigs received one of four diets with two levels of zinc (100 [low] and 500 [high] mg/kg) and copper (40 [low] and 80 [high] mg/kg). HighZinc increased AID of zinc and manganese but decreased that of calcium (P < 0.05). HighCopper tended to improve AID of copper but only when highZinc was used (Zinc×Copper, P = 0.051). ATTD of zinc, copper, manganese, and phosphorus was greater in highZinc (P < 0.05). HighCopper also increased ATTD of copper, but reduced that of calcium (P < 0.05) as it likely did for ATTD of phosphorus in lowZinc (Zinc×Copper, P = 0.065). There was an improving trend for ATTD of NDF (Zinc×Copper, P = 0.069), and ATTD of ADF was increased with a combination of highZinc and highCopper (Interaction, Zinc×Copper P < 0.05). This research showed that levels of copper and zinc modified the digestibility of minerals but also the degradability of fibre.
{"title":"Impact of dietary zinc and copper levels on ileal and total apparent nutrient digestibility in growing pigs","authors":"M. A. Ketata, M. Letourneau-Montminy, Frédéric Guay","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0082","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary zinc and copper levels on their apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD), and that of calcium, manganese, iron, phosphorus, and fibre in pigs. The experiment was carried out with six individuals fitted with a T-cannula. Pigs received one of four diets with two levels of zinc (100 [low] and 500 [high] mg/kg) and copper (40 [low] and 80 [high] mg/kg). HighZinc increased AID of zinc and manganese but decreased that of calcium (P < 0.05). HighCopper tended to improve AID of copper but only when highZinc was used (Zinc×Copper, P = 0.051). ATTD of zinc, copper, manganese, and phosphorus was greater in highZinc (P < 0.05). HighCopper also increased ATTD of copper, but reduced that of calcium (P < 0.05) as it likely did for ATTD of phosphorus in lowZinc (Zinc×Copper, P = 0.065). There was an improving trend for ATTD of NDF (Zinc×Copper, P = 0.069), and ATTD of ADF was increased with a combination of highZinc and highCopper (Interaction, Zinc×Copper P < 0.05). This research showed that levels of copper and zinc modified the digestibility of minerals but also the degradability of fibre.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives were to develop equations for predicting ileal digestible phosphorus (P) based on non-phytate P, phytate P, calcium to non-phytate P ratio, and exogenous phytase concentrations in broiler diets, and to evaluate the accuracy of the models. The Modified Michaelis–Menten model was used to predict apparent (AID) or standardized ileal digestible (SID) P in broiler diets. Two different methods were used to analyze 25 published ileal digestible P data to evaluate the accuracy of the equation for predicting AID P. The first method assessed mean and linear biases. While the mean bias was significant (P < 0.05), the linear bias was not significant. The second method involved regressing the 25 AID P data against those predicted by the current model. The results showed that the intercept and slope of the regression were not statistically different from 0 and 1, respectively. This suggests that the current equation accurately represents the test data. In conclusion, the accuracy of the model depends on validation processes. Considering that the current model was developed using various phytase products, it would be preferable to use an equation that is based on a single phytase product if requisite quantity of data is available.
目的是根据肉鸡日粮中的非植酸磷、植酸磷、钙与非植酸磷比率和外源植酸酶浓度，建立预测回肠可消化磷（P）的方程，并评估模型的准确性。改良迈克尔-门顿模型用于预测肉鸡日粮中的表观可消化磷（AID）或标准化回肠可消化磷（SID）。使用两种不同的方法分析了 25 个已发表的回肠可消化 P 数据，以评估该方程预测表观可消化 P 的准确性。虽然平均偏差显著（P < 0.05），但线性偏差并不显著。第二种方法是将 25 个 AID P 数据与当前模型预测的数据进行回归。结果显示，回归的截距和斜率分别与 0 和 1 没有统计学差异。这表明当前方程准确地代表了测试数据。总之，模型的准确性取决于验证过程。考虑到目前的模型是使用多种植酸酶产品开发的，如果有必要的数据量，最好使用基于单一植酸酶产品的方程。
{"title":"Prediction of ileal digestible phosphorus in broiler chicken diets supplemented with exogenous phytase","authors":"Jung Sung, O. Adeola","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0103","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives were to develop equations for predicting ileal digestible phosphorus (P) based on non-phytate P, phytate P, calcium to non-phytate P ratio, and exogenous phytase concentrations in broiler diets, and to evaluate the accuracy of the models. The Modified Michaelis–Menten model was used to predict apparent (AID) or standardized ileal digestible (SID) P in broiler diets. Two different methods were used to analyze 25 published ileal digestible P data to evaluate the accuracy of the equation for predicting AID P. The first method assessed mean and linear biases. While the mean bias was significant (P < 0.05), the linear bias was not significant. The second method involved regressing the 25 AID P data against those predicted by the current model. The results showed that the intercept and slope of the regression were not statistically different from 0 and 1, respectively. This suggests that the current equation accurately represents the test data. In conclusion, the accuracy of the model depends on validation processes. Considering that the current model was developed using various phytase products, it would be preferable to use an equation that is based on a single phytase product if requisite quantity of data is available.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138978955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhanhong Gao, S. A. Raza, Boyan Ma, Fengshuo Zhang, Shengzhen Hou, Hessah Alshammar, Essam Eldin Abdelhady Salama, W. Abdulmonem, Y. M. Alharbi, Abdullah S. M. Aljohani, A. El-Mansi, A. A. Abd El-Aziz, B. Aloufi, Linsheng Gui
The calpastatin gene has been extensively studied as a candidate gene because of its regulatory function within muscle development of animals. However, little is known about the association between variation of the calpastatin gene and growth traits in Tibetan sheep. Using DNA sequencing, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) g.3844A>G, g.88874T>C, g.89126C>T and g.89157A>C were identified in this study. An association analysis indicates that the g.3844A>G and g.89126C>T polymorphisms affected body weight (P<0.05). The g.89157A>C polymorphism was a significantly correlated with body weight and chest circumference (P<0.05). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed that the expression of calpastatin gene presented an increasing trend with an increase in age. Remarkably lower mRNA expression was detected at the fetal stage compared with adult ewes (P<0.05). These findings indicated that the calpastatin gene polymorphisms were involved in growth-related traits in Tibetan sheep, which can be considered as genetic markers for improving the growth traits of Chinese Tibetan sheep.
{"title":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Calpastatin Gene and the Association with Growth Traits in Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries)","authors":"Zhanhong Gao, S. A. Raza, Boyan Ma, Fengshuo Zhang, Shengzhen Hou, Hessah Alshammar, Essam Eldin Abdelhady Salama, W. Abdulmonem, Y. M. Alharbi, Abdullah S. M. Aljohani, A. El-Mansi, A. A. Abd El-Aziz, B. Aloufi, Linsheng Gui","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0102","url":null,"abstract":"The calpastatin gene has been extensively studied as a candidate gene because of its regulatory function within muscle development of animals. However, little is known about the association between variation of the calpastatin gene and growth traits in Tibetan sheep. Using DNA sequencing, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) g.3844A>G, g.88874T>C, g.89126C>T and g.89157A>C were identified in this study. An association analysis indicates that the g.3844A>G and g.89126C>T polymorphisms affected body weight (P<0.05). The g.89157A>C polymorphism was a significantly correlated with body weight and chest circumference (P<0.05). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed that the expression of calpastatin gene presented an increasing trend with an increase in age. Remarkably lower mRNA expression was detected at the fetal stage compared with adult ewes (P<0.05). These findings indicated that the calpastatin gene polymorphisms were involved in growth-related traits in Tibetan sheep, which can be considered as genetic markers for improving the growth traits of Chinese Tibetan sheep.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qianqian Zhang, Sungbo Cho, Sumya Qianqian Kibria, Inho Kim
This study investigated the effects of the multi-probiotics consisting of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) with varying doses (0, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and cecal microbes of male broiler chickens. Seven hundred and twenty Ross 308, 1-d-old male broiler chickes were distributed into 4 dietary groups. Over 35 d of feeding, the average daily gain (ADG) was linearly elevated (P < 0.05) during d1-21 and 1 to 35 as probiotic doses increased.The average daily feed intake (ADFI) tended to be linearly (P = 0.059) increased from d 22 to 35, and was improved from d 1 to 35 (P = 0.031). Ascending doses of multi-probiotics tended to (P = 0.060) reduce Clostridium perfringens counts on d 35 and prompted (P = 0.001) the proliferation of Lactobacillus. Moreover, broilers fed a 0.1% dose of multi-probiotics had a higher pH and water-holding capacity (P < 0.05) in the breast meat. In conclusion, the 0.2% multi-probiotics could boost ADG by improving ADFI and modulating the cecal microbe. The dietary 0.1% multi-probiotics contributed to better meat quality.
{"title":"Dietary Bacillus subtilis-and Clostridium butyricum-based probiotics supplement improves growth and meat quality, and alters microbiota in the excreta of broiler chickens","authors":"Qianqian Zhang, Sungbo Cho, Sumya Qianqian Kibria, Inho Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0076","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of the multi-probiotics consisting of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) with varying doses (0, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and cecal microbes of male broiler chickens. Seven hundred and twenty Ross 308, 1-d-old male broiler chickes were distributed into 4 dietary groups. Over 35 d of feeding, the average daily gain (ADG) was linearly elevated (P < 0.05) during d1-21 and 1 to 35 as probiotic doses increased.The average daily feed intake (ADFI) tended to be linearly (P = 0.059) increased from d 22 to 35, and was improved from d 1 to 35 (P = 0.031). Ascending doses of multi-probiotics tended to (P = 0.060) reduce Clostridium perfringens counts on d 35 and prompted (P = 0.001) the proliferation of Lactobacillus. Moreover, broilers fed a 0.1% dose of multi-probiotics had a higher pH and water-holding capacity (P < 0.05) in the breast meat. In conclusion, the 0.2% multi-probiotics could boost ADG by improving ADFI and modulating the cecal microbe. The dietary 0.1% multi-probiotics contributed to better meat quality.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. E. Carey, H. Lardner, T. A. McAllister, G. B. Penner
This study evaluated performance and ruminal fermentation for cows fed short-season high-moisture shelled corn stover with corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (COR) or barley greenfeed (BAR) that was either swathed (S-COR; S-BAR; Experiment 1) or baled (B-COR; B-BAR; Experiment 2) as winter-feeding systems. In Experiment 1, cows were randomly assigned to S-COR or S-BAR and fed for 52 d in the fields where crops were grown. Body weight (BW), subcutaneous rib and rump fat, and body condition score (BCS) were measured, with no differences detected between treatments (P > 0.05). However, S-COR had lower estimated dry matter intake (DMI) than S-BAR (P ≤ 0.03). In Experiment 2, cows were assigned to B-COR or B-BAR for 42 d and fed in field paddocks. Cows fed B-COR had lesser (P ≤ 0.01) DMI, final BW, rib fat, rump fat, and BCS than B-BAR, with no differences (P > 0.05) for ruminal pH. Total SCFA concentration was greater (P ≤ 0.05) on d 21 for B-BAR than B-COR, but not on d 42. Under western Canadian conditions COR may reduce DMI and performance of pregnant cows suggesting that additional preservation and supplementation strategies should be investigated.
{"title":"Performance and ruminal fermentation of second-trimester pregnant cows when fed short-season high-moisture corn stover or barley greenfeed during winter in western Canada","authors":"R. E. Carey, H. Lardner, T. A. McAllister, G. B. Penner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated performance and ruminal fermentation for cows fed short-season high-moisture shelled corn stover with corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (COR) or barley greenfeed (BAR) that was either swathed (S-COR; S-BAR; Experiment 1) or baled (B-COR; B-BAR; Experiment 2) as winter-feeding systems. In Experiment 1, cows were randomly assigned to S-COR or S-BAR and fed for 52 d in the fields where crops were grown. Body weight (BW), subcutaneous rib and rump fat, and body condition score (BCS) were measured, with no differences detected between treatments (P > 0.05). However, S-COR had lower estimated dry matter intake (DMI) than S-BAR (P ≤ 0.03). In Experiment 2, cows were assigned to B-COR or B-BAR for 42 d and fed in field paddocks. Cows fed B-COR had lesser (P ≤ 0.01) DMI, final BW, rib fat, rump fat, and BCS than B-BAR, with no differences (P > 0.05) for ruminal pH. Total SCFA concentration was greater (P ≤ 0.05) on d 21 for B-BAR than B-COR, but not on d 42. Under western Canadian conditions COR may reduce DMI and performance of pregnant cows suggesting that additional preservation and supplementation strategies should be investigated.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"27 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikaela G Evans, G. Ribeiro, Darren Henry, Jordan A. Johnson, John R Campbell, Cheryl Waldner, G. B. Penner
This study evaluated the effects of 1) increasing the concentration of sulfate in drinking water on dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, ruminal fermentation, and apparent total-tract digestibility; and 2) water sulfate concentration and bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) dose on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Eight ruminally cannulated beef heifers (382 ± 45 kg) were used in a replicated incomplete 3 × 3 Latin square design. Water treatments contained 342 ± 29 (LS), 2,785 ± 72 (MS), or 4,948 ± 163 mg/L (HS) sulfate. Ruminal digesta was collected to evaluate water sulfate and BSS dose (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% dry matter) on ruminal H2S production in vitro. Water intake increased linearly as water sulfate concentration increased (P = 0.002) but DMI was not affected. Heifers drinking MS and HS had greater ruminal H2S at 10.5 h after water provision than LS (sulfate × time, P < 0.001). In vitro H2S production (µg and µg/mL of rumen inoculum) increased and plateaued with increasing sulfate (P < 0.001) and was linearly reduced (P < 0.001) by increasing BSS dose. Increasing water sulfate concentrations did not negatively affect water or feed intake but increased ruminal H2S concentrations. Bismuth subsalicylate may reduce H2S production.
{"title":"Effect of sodium sulfate concentration in drinking water for beef heifers, and the in vitro effect of bismuth subsalicylate on H2S production and fibre disappearance","authors":"Mikaela G Evans, G. Ribeiro, Darren Henry, Jordan A. Johnson, John R Campbell, Cheryl Waldner, G. B. Penner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0054","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effects of 1) increasing the concentration of sulfate in drinking water on dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, ruminal fermentation, and apparent total-tract digestibility; and 2) water sulfate concentration and bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) dose on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Eight ruminally cannulated beef heifers (382 ± 45 kg) were used in a replicated incomplete 3 × 3 Latin square design. Water treatments contained 342 ± 29 (LS), 2,785 ± 72 (MS), or 4,948 ± 163 mg/L (HS) sulfate. Ruminal digesta was collected to evaluate water sulfate and BSS dose (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% dry matter) on ruminal H2S production in vitro. Water intake increased linearly as water sulfate concentration increased (P = 0.002) but DMI was not affected. Heifers drinking MS and HS had greater ruminal H2S at 10.5 h after water provision than LS (sulfate × time, P < 0.001). In vitro H2S production (µg and µg/mL of rumen inoculum) increased and plateaued with increasing sulfate (P < 0.001) and was linearly reduced (P < 0.001) by increasing BSS dose. Increasing water sulfate concentrations did not negatively affect water or feed intake but increased ruminal H2S concentrations. Bismuth subsalicylate may reduce H2S production.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María E. Rodríguez Espinosa, V. Guevara-Oquendo, David A. Christensen, Peiqiang Yu
Introducing new feeds for feeding options requires reliable information to prove beneficial impacts on animal productivity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of 10% inclusion of raw Faba bean seeds (R-FBS) and steam-pressure toasted FBS (SP-FBS) on dairy production performance and metabolism. Snowbird FBS were processed by steam pressure toasting (SPT) at 121°C for 0, 7.5, 15, and 30 min. Total mixed rations (TMRs) were prepared using R-FBS (FBS0) and SP-FBS (FBS7.5, FBS15, and FBS30). The TMRs were fed to cows (2nd and 3rd lactation, 69±15 DIM, and 720 kg mean BW) for 120 days (November 2020 to February 2021). Data were analyzed using a repeated 4×4 LSD model with treatment as the fixed effect and cows as the random effect. Feed efficiency was linearly decreased as processing times increased (P = 0.02) from 1.63 with FBS0 to 1.52 with FBS30. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) decreased from 12.18 with FBS0 to 11.10 mg/dl with FBS30 (linear P < 0.01). Heating FBS for 7.5 min could be suitable for increasing milk fat and feed efficiency in dairy cows. We believe that high-lactating dairy cows can be fed locally grown Faba beans to support their production performance.
{"title":"The Effects of Raw and Steam-Pressure Toasted Faba Bean Seeds in the Production Performance in Lactating Dairy Cows","authors":"María E. Rodríguez Espinosa, V. Guevara-Oquendo, David A. Christensen, Peiqiang Yu","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Introducing new feeds for feeding options requires reliable information to prove beneficial impacts on animal productivity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of 10% inclusion of raw Faba bean seeds (R-FBS) and steam-pressure toasted FBS (SP-FBS) on dairy production performance and metabolism. Snowbird FBS were processed by steam pressure toasting (SPT) at 121°C for 0, 7.5, 15, and 30 min. Total mixed rations (TMRs) were prepared using R-FBS (FBS0) and SP-FBS (FBS7.5, FBS15, and FBS30). The TMRs were fed to cows (2nd and 3rd lactation, 69±15 DIM, and 720 kg mean BW) for 120 days (November 2020 to February 2021). Data were analyzed using a repeated 4×4 LSD model with treatment as the fixed effect and cows as the random effect. Feed efficiency was linearly decreased as processing times increased (P = 0.02) from 1.63 with FBS0 to 1.52 with FBS30. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) decreased from 12.18 with FBS0 to 11.10 mg/dl with FBS30 (linear P < 0.01). Heating FBS for 7.5 min could be suitable for increasing milk fat and feed efficiency in dairy cows. We believe that high-lactating dairy cows can be fed locally grown Faba beans to support their production performance.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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