Jingru Nie, Bo Zhang, Li Ma, Dawei Yan, Hao Zhang, Ying Bai, Shiyi Liu, Xinxing Dong
Pig growth involves multiple genes and coordinated regulatory mechanisms. The large Diqing Tibetan pigs (TPs) are a unique plateau pig breed in China. Data on the mechanisms of muscle growth and development in TPs are limited, and its transcriptional regulation mechanism remains unclear. This study identifies important genes and proteins involved in muscle growth in TPs. We obtained transcriptomic and proteomic data from the longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of TPs and Duroc pigs (DPs) via RNA-seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analyses, respectively. Comparative analyses of TPs and DPs yielded 557 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 56 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Functional annotation of these DEGs and DAPs was enriched in metabolic processes, metabolic pathways, cytoskeletal protein binding, AMPK signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and other related pathways. Ten genes were identified as key candidate regulators ( FASN, PPARG, PCK1, ACTA2, TXN, SNU13, APOA1, ATP8, ALDH2, and IGFN1) that may play important roles in the muscle growth traits of TPs. This study provides a reference for analyzing the genetic regulation mechanism underlying muscle growth in pigs and improving the meat yield of TPs via molecular marker-assisted selection.
{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide insights into the key genes involved in muscle growth in the large Diqing Tibetan pig","authors":"Jingru Nie, Bo Zhang, Li Ma, Dawei Yan, Hao Zhang, Ying Bai, Shiyi Liu, Xinxing Dong","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0073","url":null,"abstract":"Pig growth involves multiple genes and coordinated regulatory mechanisms. The large Diqing Tibetan pigs (TPs) are a unique plateau pig breed in China. Data on the mechanisms of muscle growth and development in TPs are limited, and its transcriptional regulation mechanism remains unclear. This study identifies important genes and proteins involved in muscle growth in TPs. We obtained transcriptomic and proteomic data from the longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of TPs and Duroc pigs (DPs) via RNA-seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analyses, respectively. Comparative analyses of TPs and DPs yielded 557 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 56 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Functional annotation of these DEGs and DAPs was enriched in metabolic processes, metabolic pathways, cytoskeletal protein binding, AMPK signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and other related pathways. Ten genes were identified as key candidate regulators ( FASN, PPARG, PCK1, ACTA2, TXN, SNU13, APOA1, ATP8, ALDH2, and IGFN1) that may play important roles in the muscle growth traits of TPs. This study provides a reference for analyzing the genetic regulation mechanism underlying muscle growth in pigs and improving the meat yield of TPs via molecular marker-assisted selection.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie A Terry, Vicky Garcia, Karen A Beauchemin
Seven red Canadian seaweeds ( Callophyllis flabellulata, Graciliariopsis verrucosa, Mastocarpus papillatus, Mazzaella splendens, Mazzaella japonica, Palmaria mollis, and Prionitis lanceolata) and a positive control ( Asparagopsis taxiformis) were selected to evaluate their chemical and elemental composition and their effects on in vitro fermentation and methane (CH 4 ) production in an alfalfa hay or barley straw diet. The in vitro batch culture was conducted as a completely randomised design with a control (alfalfa hay or barley straw) and seven increasing concentrations of seaweed. Chemical and elemental composition varied greatly across seaweed genera. Increasing supplementation of A. taxiformis linearly decreased ( P < 0.001) dry matter disappearance (DMD) and gas production (GP; mL, mL/g DMD) with CH 4 production eliminated ( P < 0.001) at 1.0% inclusion of A. taxiformis in both diets. Inclusion of Mastocarpus papillatus, Mazzaella japonica, Mazzaella splendens, Palmaria mollis, and Prionitis lanceolata increased ( P ≤ 0.05) GP (mL/g DMD) at 0.5% and 1.0% in alfalfa diets. Graciliariopsis verrucosa linearly decreased ( P = 0.01) CH 4 production (mL/g DMD) in the straw diet, but no doses were different compared to the control. In conclusion, the Canadian red seaweeds examined in this study did not exhibit anti-methanogenic potential when incubated with alfalfa hay or barley straw.
{"title":"Assessing the methane mitigation potential of Canadian red seaweeds using in vitro batch culture","authors":"Stephanie A Terry, Vicky Garcia, Karen A Beauchemin","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0063","url":null,"abstract":"Seven red Canadian seaweeds ( Callophyllis flabellulata, Graciliariopsis verrucosa, Mastocarpus papillatus, Mazzaella splendens, Mazzaella japonica, Palmaria mollis, and Prionitis lanceolata) and a positive control ( Asparagopsis taxiformis) were selected to evaluate their chemical and elemental composition and their effects on in vitro fermentation and methane (CH 4 ) production in an alfalfa hay or barley straw diet. The in vitro batch culture was conducted as a completely randomised design with a control (alfalfa hay or barley straw) and seven increasing concentrations of seaweed. Chemical and elemental composition varied greatly across seaweed genera. Increasing supplementation of A. taxiformis linearly decreased ( P < 0.001) dry matter disappearance (DMD) and gas production (GP; mL, mL/g DMD) with CH 4 production eliminated ( P < 0.001) at 1.0% inclusion of A. taxiformis in both diets. Inclusion of Mastocarpus papillatus, Mazzaella japonica, Mazzaella splendens, Palmaria mollis, and Prionitis lanceolata increased ( P ≤ 0.05) GP (mL/g DMD) at 0.5% and 1.0% in alfalfa diets. Graciliariopsis verrucosa linearly decreased ( P = 0.01) CH 4 production (mL/g DMD) in the straw diet, but no doses were different compared to the control. In conclusion, the Canadian red seaweeds examined in this study did not exhibit anti-methanogenic potential when incubated with alfalfa hay or barley straw.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of this study were (i) to compare the accuracy and bias of estimates of breeding values for body weight (BW) at 2–7 weeks of age using pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) methods, and (ii) to determine the best level of minor allele frequencies (MAFs) for pre-selection of SNPs for genomic prediction (GP). Records of 488 F2 broiler chickens obtained from crossbreeding of fast-growing Arian chickens and slow-growing Iranian native chickens at 2–7 weeks of age were used. Samples were genotyped using Illumina Chicken 60K BeadChip. To investigate the effect of MAFs on the accuracy of prediction, 48 379 quality-controlled SNPs were grouped into five subgroups with MAF bins 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.4, and 0.4–0.5. Our results confirmed the superiority of ssGBLUP compared to traditional BLUP methodology. The average accuracy of GP improved by 59.03%, 220.34%, 0.46%, 5.61%, 0.45%, and 2.73% using ssGBLUP compared to BLUP for BW at 2–7 weeks of age, respectively. Depending on the age group, using a subset of SNPs with a specific MAF bin compared to all SNPs resulted in a remarkable improvement of GP accuracy for the observed traits.
{"title":"Bias and accuracy body weight trait evaluations of an F2 chicken using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP)","authors":"Hamed asadolahi, saeid ansari mahyari, Rasoul Vaez Torshizi, hossein emrani, Alireza ehsani","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were (i) to compare the accuracy and bias of estimates of breeding values for body weight (BW) at 2–7 weeks of age using pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) methods, and (ii) to determine the best level of minor allele frequencies (MAFs) for pre-selection of SNPs for genomic prediction (GP). Records of 488 F2 broiler chickens obtained from crossbreeding of fast-growing Arian chickens and slow-growing Iranian native chickens at 2–7 weeks of age were used. Samples were genotyped using Illumina Chicken 60K BeadChip. To investigate the effect of MAFs on the accuracy of prediction, 48 379 quality-controlled SNPs were grouped into five subgroups with MAF bins 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.4, and 0.4–0.5. Our results confirmed the superiority of ssGBLUP compared to traditional BLUP methodology. The average accuracy of GP improved by 59.03%, 220.34%, 0.46%, 5.61%, 0.45%, and 2.73% using ssGBLUP compared to BLUP for BW at 2–7 weeks of age, respectively. Depending on the age group, using a subset of SNPs with a specific MAF bin compared to all SNPs resulted in a remarkable improvement of GP accuracy for the observed traits.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135880344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.C. Anderson, T.L. Poole, T.C. Crippen, Roger B. Harvey, Steven Ricke
The effect of select antibiotics on Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 persistence in a porcine cecal continuous flow culture was examined under two different washout rates. Porcine continuous flow cultures were conducted in the presence or absence of gram-positive antibiotic carbadox. Carbadox eliminated chemostat anaerobes culturable on Brucella agar under 24 h turnover conditions, allowing Salmonella Typhimurium to persist for 15 days. Decreasing the culture dilution rate from a 24 to 48 h turnover time enabled Salmonella Typhimurium to maintain higher population levels more reflective of the theoretical washout rate when grown with than without added carbadox. This observation suggests that at the slower growth rate the presence of carbadox was antagonistic to the indigenous competitive exclusion potential of the mixed microbial population.
{"title":"Effect of Chemostat Turnover Rate and Select Antibiotics on Salmonella Typhimurium in the Presence of Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract Bacteria","authors":"R.C. Anderson, T.L. Poole, T.C. Crippen, Roger B. Harvey, Steven Ricke","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of select antibiotics on Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 persistence in a porcine cecal continuous flow culture was examined under two different washout rates. Porcine continuous flow cultures were conducted in the presence or absence of gram-positive antibiotic carbadox. Carbadox eliminated chemostat anaerobes culturable on Brucella agar under 24 h turnover conditions, allowing Salmonella Typhimurium to persist for 15 days. Decreasing the culture dilution rate from a 24 to 48 h turnover time enabled Salmonella Typhimurium to maintain higher population levels more reflective of the theoretical washout rate when grown with than without added carbadox. This observation suggests that at the slower growth rate the presence of carbadox was antagonistic to the indigenous competitive exclusion potential of the mixed microbial population.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel Evelyn Carey, Gabriel Ribeiro, Z.D. Paddock, Diego Moya, Tim A. McAllister, Gregory B. Penner
The objective was to evaluate the replacement of barley-based ingredients with short-season high-moisture corn products on steer growth performance and carcass characteristics. Over 2 years, 320 beef steers (528 ± 36.2 kg initial body weight) were assigned to 32 pens (4 pens/treatment/year). Treatments were finishing diets that contained dry-rolled barley grain and barley silage (BGBS; control), barley grain and corn silage (BGCS), high-moisture shelled corn and barley grain with barley silage (HCBS), or snaplage (included as a silage and grain source) with barley grain (SNAP). Steers were fed for 99 days and 72 days in years 1 and 2, respectively. Steers fed BGCS did not differ ( P ≥ 0.13) from BGBS for dry matter intake, average daily gain, gain:feed, or carcass characteristics. Steers fed HCBS had greater ( P ≤ 0.05) hot carcass weight and dressing percentage than BGBS. A lesser ( P = 0.02) proportion of steers fed SNAP had severe liver abscesses than BGBS. We concluded that corn silage can replace barley silage, 50% replacement of barley grain with high-moisture shelled corn may improve hot carcass weight, and replacement of barley silage and some barley grain with snaplage decreases the proportion of cattle with severe liver abscesses at slaughter.
{"title":"Short-season high-moisture shelled corn, snaplage, or corn silage as a partial replacement for dry-rolled barley grain or barley silage in western Canadian beef cattle finishing diets","authors":"Rachel Evelyn Carey, Gabriel Ribeiro, Z.D. Paddock, Diego Moya, Tim A. McAllister, Gregory B. Penner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate the replacement of barley-based ingredients with short-season high-moisture corn products on steer growth performance and carcass characteristics. Over 2 years, 320 beef steers (528 ± 36.2 kg initial body weight) were assigned to 32 pens (4 pens/treatment/year). Treatments were finishing diets that contained dry-rolled barley grain and barley silage (BGBS; control), barley grain and corn silage (BGCS), high-moisture shelled corn and barley grain with barley silage (HCBS), or snaplage (included as a silage and grain source) with barley grain (SNAP). Steers were fed for 99 days and 72 days in years 1 and 2, respectively. Steers fed BGCS did not differ ( P ≥ 0.13) from BGBS for dry matter intake, average daily gain, gain:feed, or carcass characteristics. Steers fed HCBS had greater ( P ≤ 0.05) hot carcass weight and dressing percentage than BGBS. A lesser ( P = 0.02) proportion of steers fed SNAP had severe liver abscesses than BGBS. We concluded that corn silage can replace barley silage, 50% replacement of barley grain with high-moisture shelled corn may improve hot carcass weight, and replacement of barley silage and some barley grain with snaplage decreases the proportion of cattle with severe liver abscesses at slaughter.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. VanderZaag, E. Le Riche, B. Qian, Ward N. Smith, H. Baldé, V. Ouellet, É. Charbonneau, T. Wright, R. Gordon
Canada’s climate is warming faster than the global average, but the warming is unevenly distributed. This study analyzes historical and future climate change in dairy producing regions across Canada to better understand how Canada’s dairy cows are affected. Historical changes (i.e., 1960 - 2019) were assessed using temperature and humidity data from 29 weather stations across the country. The temperature humidity index (THI) was used as an indicator of dairy cattle at risk of heat stress, and three THI metrics evaluated the frequency, severity, and duration of potential heat stress. Future scenarios were investigated using five global climate models to project daily THI under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Projections were grouped into three time periods (2020-2049, 2040-2069, and 2060-2089). Historical climate trends show an increase in temperature, humidity, and THI exceedance in most west coast and eastern Canada locations, affecting 84% of the national dairy herd. Future scenarios project that 90% of the national herd will experience a large increase in the frequency, severity, and duration of THI exceedance under all but the most optimistic SSP. These findings highlight the need for Canadian dairy farmers to consider heat stress adaptation strategies.
{"title":"Trends in the risk of heat stress to Canadian dairy cattle in a changing climate","authors":"A. VanderZaag, E. Le Riche, B. Qian, Ward N. Smith, H. Baldé, V. Ouellet, É. Charbonneau, T. Wright, R. Gordon","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Canada’s climate is warming faster than the global average, but the warming is unevenly distributed. This study analyzes historical and future climate change in dairy producing regions across Canada to better understand how Canada’s dairy cows are affected. Historical changes (i.e., 1960 - 2019) were assessed using temperature and humidity data from 29 weather stations across the country. The temperature humidity index (THI) was used as an indicator of dairy cattle at risk of heat stress, and three THI metrics evaluated the frequency, severity, and duration of potential heat stress. Future scenarios were investigated using five global climate models to project daily THI under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Projections were grouped into three time periods (2020-2049, 2040-2069, and 2060-2089). Historical climate trends show an increase in temperature, humidity, and THI exceedance in most west coast and eastern Canada locations, affecting 84% of the national dairy herd. Future scenarios project that 90% of the national herd will experience a large increase in the frequency, severity, and duration of THI exceedance under all but the most optimistic SSP. These findings highlight the need for Canadian dairy farmers to consider heat stress adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48490604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin J. Delver, H. Lardner, J. Mckinnon, G. Ribeiro, Mika Asai-Coakwell, G. Penner
Beef cows (n = 100) were ranked for efficiency based on cow rump fat thickness at calving, calving date, and calf weaning weight (% dam BW) over 2 years. The 9 most (ME) and least efficient (LE) cows were used to compare feed intake and ruminal fermentation using four 26-d periods with decreasing dietary nutrient density. There were no phenotype × diet interactions for variables of primary interest. Rump fat and calf weaning weight were greater and calving date was earlier for ME than LE (P ≤ 0.032). The ME cows were lighter (P < 0.001) but had similar DMI (P = 0.93) to LE cows, resulting in greater DMI (%BW; P < 0.001). Ruminal contraction amplitude height and area (P ≤ 0.015), and ruminal digesta weight were greater for LE than ME cows (P = 0.043). Ruminal aNDFom passage was greater for ME cows than LE cows (P = 0.047) but the rate of aNDFom degradation did not differ (P = 0.69). Total tract digestibility did not differ. Efficient cows had greater rump fat, weaned heavier calves, ate more relative to their BW, had smaller ruminal digesta mass, and greater ruminal passage of aNDFom without reducing digestibility.
{"title":"Development of an Efficiency Ranking System for Beef Cows and Effects on Feed Intake, Ruminal Fermentation and NDF Turnover, and Apparent Total Tract Digestibility","authors":"Justin J. Delver, H. Lardner, J. Mckinnon, G. Ribeiro, Mika Asai-Coakwell, G. Penner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Beef cows (n = 100) were ranked for efficiency based on cow rump fat thickness at calving, calving date, and calf weaning weight (% dam BW) over 2 years. The 9 most (ME) and least efficient (LE) cows were used to compare feed intake and ruminal fermentation using four 26-d periods with decreasing dietary nutrient density. There were no phenotype × diet interactions for variables of primary interest. Rump fat and calf weaning weight were greater and calving date was earlier for ME than LE (P ≤ 0.032). The ME cows were lighter (P < 0.001) but had similar DMI (P = 0.93) to LE cows, resulting in greater DMI (%BW; P < 0.001). Ruminal contraction amplitude height and area (P ≤ 0.015), and ruminal digesta weight were greater for LE than ME cows (P = 0.043). Ruminal aNDFom passage was greater for ME cows than LE cows (P = 0.047) but the rate of aNDFom degradation did not differ (P = 0.69). Total tract digestibility did not differ. Efficient cows had greater rump fat, weaned heavier calves, ate more relative to their BW, had smaller ruminal digesta mass, and greater ruminal passage of aNDFom without reducing digestibility.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47146203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ashrafian, nasser emam jomeh kashan, M. Abbasi, A. Sadeghi, M. Rokouei
The aim this paper is to investigate whether characteristics of the first lactation (FL) curve of Iranian Holstein cows is associated with survival. Cows with least 10 Test days of milk production in their FL were used. The persistency of lactation (PL) and survival were estimated using a Random Regression Model by REML with the ECHIDDNA software. We also used the Wood model to parameterize each individual lactation curve and then analyze various curve characteristics using an animal model. The EBV of the characteristics of the lactation curve of the cows from day 40-305 predicted. The EBV of the production range (PR) and the slope of line in increasing phase (m_(40,Peak)) of production curve of sires with higher survival EBV were lower than other sires (p˂0.05). The estimates of LP were independent of survival estimate. Therefore, the PR from 40th day after calving can be considered as a definition of PL. Because the lower the PR, the flatter is the milk production curve. Genetic evaluation of young bulls for survival needs the data of death or culling of their daughters. Therefore, the bulls can genetically be evaluated for survival according to the LP and m_(40,Peak) of FL information of their daughters.
{"title":"Study of Persistency of lactation and Survival of Iranian Holstein dairy cattle using Random Regression Model","authors":"A. Ashrafian, nasser emam jomeh kashan, M. Abbasi, A. Sadeghi, M. Rokouei","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"The aim this paper is to investigate whether characteristics of the first lactation (FL) curve of Iranian Holstein cows is associated with survival. Cows with least 10 Test days of milk production in their FL were used. The persistency of lactation (PL) and survival were estimated using a Random Regression Model by REML with the ECHIDDNA software. We also used the Wood model to parameterize each individual lactation curve and then analyze various curve characteristics using an animal model. The EBV of the characteristics of the lactation curve of the cows from day 40-305 predicted. The EBV of the production range (PR) and the slope of line in increasing phase (m_(40,Peak)) of production curve of sires with higher survival EBV were lower than other sires (p˂0.05). The estimates of LP were independent of survival estimate. Therefore, the PR from 40th day after calving can be considered as a definition of PL. Because the lower the PR, the flatter is the milk production curve. Genetic evaluation of young bulls for survival needs the data of death or culling of their daughters. Therefore, the bulls can genetically be evaluated for survival according to the LP and m_(40,Peak) of FL information of their daughters.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49646136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eight Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design study to determine the effects of feeding 0, 10, 15 and 20% camelina expeller meal (CEM) on production and milk fatty acid profiles. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk fat content decreased linearly, whereas milk yield decreased quadratically, as CEM increased. Milk fat concentration of C18:2n-6 and cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 increased linearly, whereas that of C18:3n-3 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 increased quadratically as CEM increased. Results show that CEM levels up to 20% decrease DMI and milk yield but increase milk contents of desirable omega-3 fatty acids.
{"title":"Feeding graded levels of camelina expeller meal up to 20% of dietary dry matter decreases feed intake and milk production, but enhances concentrations in milk fat of n-3 fatty acids in dairy cows","authors":"T. Mutsvangwa, Sarah Thomas, R. Newkirk","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Eight Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design study to determine the effects of feeding 0, 10, 15 and 20% camelina expeller meal (CEM) on production and milk fatty acid profiles. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk fat content decreased linearly, whereas milk yield decreased quadratically, as CEM increased. Milk fat concentration of C18:2n-6 and cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 increased linearly, whereas that of C18:3n-3 and trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 increased quadratically as CEM increased. Results show that CEM levels up to 20% decrease DMI and milk yield but increase milk contents of desirable omega-3 fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43841313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Kelln, G. Penner, S. Acharya, T. McAllister, J. Mckinnon, A. Saleem, B. Biligetu, H. Lardner
The effect of cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) on ruminal fermentation, methane production, and microbial nitrogen synthesis was assessed in two experiments. Experiment 1 analyzed 2 legumes, cicer milkvetch and sainfoin at 2 stages (vegetative and late flower) incubated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) at 5 inclusion rates 0:100; 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (as DM) in batch culture. Experiment 2 analyzed vegetative cicer milkvetch and alfalfa incubated in ratios of 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (as DM) in continuous culture systems (RUSITEC). In batch culture, increased dry matter disappearance (DMD), and propionate percentage (%, total), and reduced methane (mg g-1 DMD) occurred with vegetative cicer milkvetch inclusion. In RUSITEC, DMD linearly increased (P < 0.01), acetate:propionate ratio quadratically decreased, while ammonia (NH3-N) concentration (P<0.01) and butyrate percentage (% total) linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing inclusion of cicer milkvetch. No differences were observed for methane (CH4) production (mg g-1 DMD), or short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production (mmol d-1). Microbial nitrogen synthesis and efficiency of protein synthesis linearly increased (P<0.05) with increased inclusion of cicer milkvetch. Results suggest cicer milkvetch may result in synchronicity of energy and nitrogen during rumen fermentation, which could enhance cattle production.
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