This article gives the background that led to publication of the paper “An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in feed and feces”, Can. J. Anim. Sci. 59: 631–634 (Sept. 1979) .
{"title":"Reflections on a chromic oxide paper 44 years later: most cited paper in 99-year history of the Canadian Journal of Animal Science","authors":"T.W. Fenton, Mirjana Fenton","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"This article gives the background that led to publication of the paper “An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in feed and feces”, Can. J. Anim. Sci. 59: 631–634 (Sept. 1979) .","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) are fed to chickens to enrich eggs for human consumption. Feeding n-3 FA to breeder flocks could benefit the breeders and improve their offspring’s health, welfare, and productivity. This study assessed the impacts of feeding flaxseed (n-3 FA source) on broiler breeders’ and layer breeders’ production performance. In experiment one, Ross 708 broiler breeders were fed a control or flaxseed (2.57% co-extruded flaxseed and pulses) diet during rearing and laying. In experiment two, Shaver White and ISA Brown layer breeders were fed a control or flaxseed diet. Diet tended to affect broiler breeder body weight (BW) (P=0.06) and significantly affected BW uniformity (P=0.045). There were no significant pairwise comparisons. Broiler breeders fed flaxseed produced more eggs than control breeders (P<0.001) and had better feed conversion per egg mass (P<0.001). Maternal diet tended to affect broiler offspring sex (P=0.08), but there were no significant pairwise comparisons. Flaxseed diet didn’t affect layer breeder weight (P=0.90) but decreased uniformity (P=0.07). Strain (P=0.04), but not diet (P=0.95), influenced the sex of layer offspring. More female chicks hatched from Shaver White than ISA Brown breeders. Feeding flaxseed didn’t negatively affect productivity. Feeding n-3 FA may benefit broiler breeder egg production.
给鸡喂食欧米伽-3 脂肪酸（n-3 FA）可使鸡蛋的营养更丰富，供人类食用。给种鸡群饲喂 n-3 脂肪酸可使种鸡受益，并改善其后代的健康、福利和生产率。本研究评估了饲喂亚麻籽（n-3 脂肪酸来源）对肉种鸡和蛋种鸡生产性能的影响。在实验一中，Ross 708 肉种鸡在育雏和产蛋期间饲喂对照组或亚麻籽（2.57% 的亚麻籽和豆类共挤）日粮。在实验二中，给 Shaver White 和 ISA Brown 蛋鸡种鸡饲喂对照日粮或亚麻籽日粮。日粮往往会影响肉种鸡的体重（BW）（P=0.06），并显著影响体重均匀性（P=0.045）。没有明显的配对比较。与对照组种鸡相比，饲喂亚麻籽的肉种鸡产蛋量更高（P<0.001），单位蛋重的饲料转化率更高（P<0.001）。母鸡日粮往往会影响肉鸡后代的性别（P=0.08），但没有显著的配对比较。亚麻籽日粮不影响蛋种鸡体重（P=0.90），但会降低均匀度（P=0.07）。品系（P=0.04）而非日粮（P=0.95）会影响蛋鸡后代的性别。从沙弗白种鸡孵出的雌性雏鸡比从ISA褐种鸡孵出的雌性雏鸡多。饲喂亚麻籽不会对生产率产生负面影响。饲喂 n-3 FA 可能有利于肉种鸡的产蛋。
{"title":"The effect of feeding flaxseed as a source of omega-3 fatty acids to broiler and layer breeders during rearing and lay on body weight, reproductive performance, and hatchability performance indices","authors":"Rosemary H. Whittle, E. Kiarie, Tina M. Widowski","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0118","url":null,"abstract":"Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) are fed to chickens to enrich eggs for human consumption. Feeding n-3 FA to breeder flocks could benefit the breeders and improve their offspring’s health, welfare, and productivity. This study assessed the impacts of feeding flaxseed (n-3 FA source) on broiler breeders’ and layer breeders’ production performance. In experiment one, Ross 708 broiler breeders were fed a control or flaxseed (2.57% co-extruded flaxseed and pulses) diet during rearing and laying. In experiment two, Shaver White and ISA Brown layer breeders were fed a control or flaxseed diet. Diet tended to affect broiler breeder body weight (BW) (P=0.06) and significantly affected BW uniformity (P=0.045). There were no significant pairwise comparisons. Broiler breeders fed flaxseed produced more eggs than control breeders (P<0.001) and had better feed conversion per egg mass (P<0.001). Maternal diet tended to affect broiler offspring sex (P=0.08), but there were no significant pairwise comparisons. Flaxseed diet didn’t affect layer breeder weight (P=0.90) but decreased uniformity (P=0.07). Strain (P=0.04), but not diet (P=0.95), influenced the sex of layer offspring. More female chicks hatched from Shaver White than ISA Brown breeders. Feeding flaxseed didn’t negatively affect productivity. Feeding n-3 FA may benefit broiler breeder egg production.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna R. Naim, N. van Staaveren, Ben Wood, A. Harlander-Matauschek, C. Baes, E. Leishman
Fault bars are visible deformities in the feather structure potentially related to the stress response and may be an interesting trait that can reflect robustness. This study’s objective was to describe fault bars along the length of domestic turkey feathers and investigate whether fault bars are associated with feather corticosterone (FCORT). The same primary wing feather was evaluated from 75 male turkeys from three genetic lines. Feathers were cut into three (proximal, middle, and distal) sections to score fault bar presence, incidence, and severity. FCORT was measured for each feather section using ELISA. Linear mixed models were used to investigate differences in the fault bar presence, incidence, and severity between feather sections and genetic line, as well as investigate associations between the fault bar measures and FCORT. There was a significant increase in FCORT and fault bar incidence from proximal to distal feather sections ( P < 0.0001). In the distal section only, sections with fault bars had significantly higher FCORT compared to sections without fault bars ( P = 0.0088). No associations were found between fault bars and FCORT in the other sections. Consequently, associating FCORT and fault bars using whole primary wing feathers may be challenging. Future work should reevaluate this relationship longitudinally to better understand fault bar development.
{"title":"Investigating feather corticosterone and fault bars along the length of domestic male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) feathers","authors":"Anna R. Naim, N. van Staaveren, Ben Wood, A. Harlander-Matauschek, C. Baes, E. Leishman","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0106","url":null,"abstract":"Fault bars are visible deformities in the feather structure potentially related to the stress response and may be an interesting trait that can reflect robustness. This study’s objective was to describe fault bars along the length of domestic turkey feathers and investigate whether fault bars are associated with feather corticosterone (FCORT). The same primary wing feather was evaluated from 75 male turkeys from three genetic lines. Feathers were cut into three (proximal, middle, and distal) sections to score fault bar presence, incidence, and severity. FCORT was measured for each feather section using ELISA. Linear mixed models were used to investigate differences in the fault bar presence, incidence, and severity between feather sections and genetic line, as well as investigate associations between the fault bar measures and FCORT. There was a significant increase in FCORT and fault bar incidence from proximal to distal feather sections ( P < 0.0001). In the distal section only, sections with fault bars had significantly higher FCORT compared to sections without fault bars ( P = 0.0088). No associations were found between fault bars and FCORT in the other sections. Consequently, associating FCORT and fault bars using whole primary wing feathers may be challenging. Future work should reevaluate this relationship longitudinally to better understand fault bar development.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the potential role of lactobacilli in mitigating the negative effects of heat stress on the functional activity of chicken macrophages. Macrophage-like MQ-NCSU cells were incubated at 40oC or 44oC in the presence or absence of a single or a mixture of different poultry-derived Lactobacillus species, including L. animalis, L. acidophilus, L. reuteri, and L. crispatus. Macrophage activation was evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytic activity, and the transcription levels of cytokines, chemokine, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Macrophages exposed to heat stress exhibited increased production of NO, diminished expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-12p40, and elevated expression of TLR2 and TLR4, whereas no significant alterations in the phagocytic activity of macrophages were observed. Conversely, treatment of macrophages with probiotic lactobacilli counteracted the effects associated with heat stress. This was evidenced by a notable enhancement in macrophage phagocytic activity, NO production and expression of IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-18, and CXCL8, coupled with a reduction in TLR2 and TLR4 expression. These findings suggest that probiotic lactobacilli could be given to chickens to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on the innate immune system. However, further studies are required to validate the observed effects in an in vivo model.
{"title":"Modulation of Functional Activity of Heat-Stressed Chicken Macrophages by Poultry-Derived Probiotic Lactobacilli","authors":"Khaled Abdelaziz, Thandi Nixon, Annie Joye, Hosni Hassan, Mohammadali Alizadeh, Shayan Sharif, R. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0124","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the potential role of lactobacilli in mitigating the negative effects of heat stress on the functional activity of chicken macrophages. Macrophage-like MQ-NCSU cells were incubated at 40oC or 44oC in the presence or absence of a single or a mixture of different poultry-derived Lactobacillus species, including L. animalis, L. acidophilus, L. reuteri, and L. crispatus. Macrophage activation was evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytic activity, and the transcription levels of cytokines, chemokine, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Macrophages exposed to heat stress exhibited increased production of NO, diminished expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-12p40, and elevated expression of TLR2 and TLR4, whereas no significant alterations in the phagocytic activity of macrophages were observed. Conversely, treatment of macrophages with probiotic lactobacilli counteracted the effects associated with heat stress. This was evidenced by a notable enhancement in macrophage phagocytic activity, NO production and expression of IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-18, and CXCL8, coupled with a reduction in TLR2 and TLR4 expression. These findings suggest that probiotic lactobacilli could be given to chickens to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on the innate immune system. However, further studies are required to validate the observed effects in an in vivo model.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miranda J Buchinski, Carley M Camiré, O. O. Babatunde, A. Shoveller, D. Columbus
Reduced protein diets may be limiting in dietary nitrogen (N). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) inclusion and lysine content on growth performance of growing pigs. Pen-housed growing pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments to test impact of NPN inclusion and dietary lysine content for 28 d. Non-protein N inclusion increased feed efficiency and lean depth (P < 0.05). Final body weight increased with greater lysine (P < 0.05) but was not impacted by NPN (P > 0.05). Ammonium phosphate may be an appropriate N source in N-limiting diets for pigs.
{"title":"Ammonium phosphate is a potential nitrogen supplement in nitrogen-limiting diets for growing pigs","authors":"Miranda J Buchinski, Carley M Camiré, O. O. Babatunde, A. Shoveller, D. Columbus","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Reduced protein diets may be limiting in dietary nitrogen (N). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) inclusion and lysine content on growth performance of growing pigs. Pen-housed growing pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments to test impact of NPN inclusion and dietary lysine content for 28 d. Non-protein N inclusion increased feed efficiency and lean depth (P < 0.05). Final body weight increased with greater lysine (P < 0.05) but was not impacted by NPN (P > 0.05). Ammonium phosphate may be an appropriate N source in N-limiting diets for pigs.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.25 µg LPS/kg of BW) challenge in steers (n = 5; initial BW = 542 kg, SD = 40 kg; Youden square) was conducted to evaluate feeding 0% (dry matter basis; control) or 20% hempseed cake (HEMP) or corn distillers grains (DDGS) on plasma metabolites and cytokines. Plasma isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, glycine, tyrosine, total nonessential amino acids, IL-1α, IL-36RA, and TNF-α decreased (P ≤ 0.04) in steers fed hempseed cake compared to steers fed DDGS after the LPS challenge. These data suggest that hempseed cake may influence inflammation by altering cytokine production and by increasing degradation and/or utilization of some amino acids.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of hempseed cake on plasma metabolites and cytokines in response to an LPS challenge in finishing steers","authors":"Thomas M. Winders, S. Amat, Kendall Swanson","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0085","url":null,"abstract":"A lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.25 µg LPS/kg of BW) challenge in steers (n = 5; initial BW = 542 kg, SD = 40 kg; Youden square) was conducted to evaluate feeding 0% (dry matter basis; control) or 20% hempseed cake (HEMP) or corn distillers grains (DDGS) on plasma metabolites and cytokines. Plasma isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, glycine, tyrosine, total nonessential amino acids, IL-1α, IL-36RA, and TNF-α decreased (P ≤ 0.04) in steers fed hempseed cake compared to steers fed DDGS after the LPS challenge. These data suggest that hempseed cake may influence inflammation by altering cytokine production and by increasing degradation and/or utilization of some amino acids.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.25 µg LPS/kg of BW) challenge in steers (n = 5; initial BW = 542 kg, SD = 40 kg; Youden square) was conducted to evaluate feeding 0% (dry matter basis; control) or 20% hempseed cake (HEMP) or corn distillers grains (DDGS) on plasma metabolites and cytokines. Plasma isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, glycine, tyrosine, total nonessential amino acids, IL-1α, IL-36RA, and TNF-α decreased (P ≤ 0.04) in steers fed hempseed cake compared to steers fed DDGS after the LPS challenge. These data suggest that hempseed cake may influence inflammation by altering cytokine production and by increasing degradation and/or utilization of some amino acids.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of hempseed cake on plasma metabolites and cytokines in response to an LPS challenge in finishing steers","authors":"Thomas M. Winders, S. Amat, Kendall Swanson","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0085","url":null,"abstract":"A lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.25 µg LPS/kg of BW) challenge in steers (n = 5; initial BW = 542 kg, SD = 40 kg; Youden square) was conducted to evaluate feeding 0% (dry matter basis; control) or 20% hempseed cake (HEMP) or corn distillers grains (DDGS) on plasma metabolites and cytokines. Plasma isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, glycine, tyrosine, total nonessential amino acids, IL-1α, IL-36RA, and TNF-α decreased (P ≤ 0.04) in steers fed hempseed cake compared to steers fed DDGS after the LPS challenge. These data suggest that hempseed cake may influence inflammation by altering cytokine production and by increasing degradation and/or utilization of some amino acids.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study evaluated porcine in vitro digestion and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) solubilization of corn and wheat without or with xylanase alone or xylanase plus feruloyl esterase (FE). The enzymes supplied 4000 U of xylanase and 35 U of FE per kilogram of sample. Samples were digested with pepsin at pH of 2.0 and then with pancreatin at pH of 6.8.. The digested samples were filtered to obtain unhydrolyzed residue, which was then washed using alcohol and acetone. The cereal grains (CG) before in vitro digestion and the washed unhydrolyzed residues were analyzed for dry matter and NSP. Xylanase improved (P < 0.05) IVDDM for wheat (85 vs. 89%), but not for corn (78 vs. 79%). Addition of FE to the xylanase-supplemented CG increased (P < 0.05) IVDDM for both CG, and reduced (P < 0.05) the arabinoxylans in the unhydrolyzed residue for corn, but not for wheat. In conclusion, xylanase product used in the current study is more effective in improving digestibility of nutrients in wheat than in corn. The FE product used in the current study can improve the efficacy of xylanase in improving nutrient digestibility of wheat and corn
一项研究评估了猪对玉米和小麦的体外消化和非淀粉多糖（NSP）溶解情况，包括不使用或仅使用木聚糖酶或木聚糖酶加阿魏酰酯酶（FE）。每公斤样品中的酶可提供 4000 U 的木聚糖酶和 35 U 的阿魏酰酯酶。样品先用 pH 值为 2.0 的胃蛋白酶消化，再用 pH 值为 6.8 的胰蛋白酶消化。消化后的样品经过滤后得到未水解的残留物，然后用酒精和丙酮清洗。对体外消化前的谷物（CG）和洗涤后的未水解残渣进行干物质和 NSP 分析。木聚糖酶提高了小麦（85% 对 89%）的体外消化率（P < 0.05），但没有提高玉米（78% 对 79%）的体外消化率。在添加了木聚糖酶的 CG 中添加 FE 可提高（P < 0.05）两种 CG 的 IVDDM，并减少（P < 0.05）玉米未水解残渣中的阿拉伯木聚糖，但小麦没有。总之，与玉米相比，本研究中使用的木聚糖酶产品在提高小麦养分消化率方面更为有效。本研究中使用的 FE 产品可提高木聚糖酶在改善小麦和玉米养分消化率方面的功效。
{"title":"Porcine in vitro digestion and solubilization of non-starch polysaccharides in corn and wheat supplemented with xylanase and feruloyl esterase","authors":"Harriet Njeru, K. B. Bach Knudsen, T. Woyengo","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0086","url":null,"abstract":"A study evaluated porcine in vitro digestion and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) solubilization of corn and wheat without or with xylanase alone or xylanase plus feruloyl esterase (FE). The enzymes supplied 4000 U of xylanase and 35 U of FE per kilogram of sample. Samples were digested with pepsin at pH of 2.0 and then with pancreatin at pH of 6.8.. The digested samples were filtered to obtain unhydrolyzed residue, which was then washed using alcohol and acetone. The cereal grains (CG) before in vitro digestion and the washed unhydrolyzed residues were analyzed for dry matter and NSP. Xylanase improved (P < 0.05) IVDDM for wheat (85 vs. 89%), but not for corn (78 vs. 79%). Addition of FE to the xylanase-supplemented CG increased (P < 0.05) IVDDM for both CG, and reduced (P < 0.05) the arabinoxylans in the unhydrolyzed residue for corn, but not for wheat. In conclusion, xylanase product used in the current study is more effective in improving digestibility of nutrients in wheat than in corn. The FE product used in the current study can improve the efficacy of xylanase in improving nutrient digestibility of wheat and corn","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study evaluated porcine in vitro digestion and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) solubilization of corn and wheat without or with xylanase alone or xylanase plus feruloyl esterase (FE). The enzymes supplied 4000 U of xylanase and 35 U of FE per kilogram of sample. Samples were digested with pepsin at pH of 2.0 and then with pancreatin at pH of 6.8.. The digested samples were filtered to obtain unhydrolyzed residue, which was then washed using alcohol and acetone. The cereal grains (CG) before in vitro digestion and the washed unhydrolyzed residues were analyzed for dry matter and NSP. Xylanase improved (P < 0.05) IVDDM for wheat (85 vs. 89%), but not for corn (78 vs. 79%). Addition of FE to the xylanase-supplemented CG increased (P < 0.05) IVDDM for both CG, and reduced (P < 0.05) the arabinoxylans in the unhydrolyzed residue for corn, but not for wheat. In conclusion, xylanase product used in the current study is more effective in improving digestibility of nutrients in wheat than in corn. The FE product used in the current study can improve the efficacy of xylanase in improving nutrient digestibility of wheat and corn
一项研究评估了猪对玉米和小麦的体外消化和非淀粉多糖（NSP）溶解情况，包括不使用或仅使用木聚糖酶或木聚糖酶加阿魏酰酯酶（FE）。每公斤样品中的酶可提供 4000 U 的木聚糖酶和 35 U 的阿魏酰酯酶。样品先用 pH 值为 2.0 的胃蛋白酶消化，再用 pH 值为 6.8 的胰蛋白酶消化。消化后的样品经过滤后得到未水解的残留物，然后用酒精和丙酮清洗。对体外消化前的谷物（CG）和洗涤后的未水解残渣进行干物质和 NSP 分析。木聚糖酶提高了小麦（85% 对 89%）的体外消化率（P < 0.05），但没有提高玉米（78% 对 79%）的体外消化率。在添加了木聚糖酶的 CG 中添加 FE 可提高（P < 0.05）两种 CG 的 IVDDM，并减少（P < 0.05）玉米未水解残渣中的阿拉伯木聚糖，但小麦没有。总之，与玉米相比，本研究中使用的木聚糖酶产品在提高小麦养分消化率方面更为有效。本研究中使用的 FE 产品可提高木聚糖酶在改善小麦和玉米养分消化率方面的功效。
{"title":"Porcine in vitro digestion and solubilization of non-starch polysaccharides in corn and wheat supplemented with xylanase and feruloyl esterase","authors":"Harriet Njeru, K. B. Bach Knudsen, T. Woyengo","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0086","url":null,"abstract":"A study evaluated porcine in vitro digestion and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) solubilization of corn and wheat without or with xylanase alone or xylanase plus feruloyl esterase (FE). The enzymes supplied 4000 U of xylanase and 35 U of FE per kilogram of sample. Samples were digested with pepsin at pH of 2.0 and then with pancreatin at pH of 6.8.. The digested samples were filtered to obtain unhydrolyzed residue, which was then washed using alcohol and acetone. The cereal grains (CG) before in vitro digestion and the washed unhydrolyzed residues were analyzed for dry matter and NSP. Xylanase improved (P < 0.05) IVDDM for wheat (85 vs. 89%), but not for corn (78 vs. 79%). Addition of FE to the xylanase-supplemented CG increased (P < 0.05) IVDDM for both CG, and reduced (P < 0.05) the arabinoxylans in the unhydrolyzed residue for corn, but not for wheat. In conclusion, xylanase product used in the current study is more effective in improving digestibility of nutrients in wheat than in corn. The FE product used in the current study can improve the efficacy of xylanase in improving nutrient digestibility of wheat and corn","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. M. Watanabe, J. Doelman, Dave J. Seymour, M. Sanz-Fernández, Ó. López-Campos, Nuria Prieto Benavides, Paweł Górka, G. B. Penner
Twenty-one beef heifers were used in a randomized complete block design lasting 206 ± 8 d (mean ± SD) to evaluate DMI, growth, and gastrointestinal tract and carcass characteristics with increasing dose of dietary hydrogenated fat-embedded calcium gluconate (HFCG). Dietary treatments included HFCG included at: 0.0 (CON); 0.09% (CG09), or 0.18% DM (CG18). Heifers were fed individually and fecal samples were collected on d 171 and 192. Gastrointestinal tissue, digesta, carcass merit, and meat quality and sensory characteristics were assessed after slaughter. Data were analyzed to determine the linear and quadratic effects of HFCG dose. Dry matter intake, ADG, and G:F were not affected (P ≥ 0.08) by dose of HFCG. Gastrointestinal fermentation was minimally affected but quadratic responses (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively) were observed for jejunal digesta pH and for the molar proportion of isovalerate in colon digesta where both increased and then decreased as HFCG dose increased. Carcass (P ≥ 0.30), meat quality (P ≥ 0.06), and sensory characteristics (P ≥ 0.21) were not affected by dose of HFCG. We conclude that feeding HFCG to finishing beef heifers diet did not affect DMI, growth, gastrointestinal fermentation parameters, or carcass merit, meat quality and palatability.
{"title":"Effect of Feeding Calcium Gluconate Embedded in a Hydrogenated Fat Matrix on Performance, Gastrointestinal Fermentation, Ruminal Morphology, Carcass Merit and Meat Quality for Finishing Beef Heifers","authors":"D. M. Watanabe, J. Doelman, Dave J. Seymour, M. Sanz-Fernández, Ó. López-Campos, Nuria Prieto Benavides, Paweł Górka, G. B. Penner","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0055","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-one beef heifers were used in a randomized complete block design lasting 206 ± 8 d (mean ± SD) to evaluate DMI, growth, and gastrointestinal tract and carcass characteristics with increasing dose of dietary hydrogenated fat-embedded calcium gluconate (HFCG). Dietary treatments included HFCG included at: 0.0 (CON); 0.09% (CG09), or 0.18% DM (CG18). Heifers were fed individually and fecal samples were collected on d 171 and 192. Gastrointestinal tissue, digesta, carcass merit, and meat quality and sensory characteristics were assessed after slaughter. Data were analyzed to determine the linear and quadratic effects of HFCG dose. Dry matter intake, ADG, and G:F were not affected (P ≥ 0.08) by dose of HFCG. Gastrointestinal fermentation was minimally affected but quadratic responses (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively) were observed for jejunal digesta pH and for the molar proportion of isovalerate in colon digesta where both increased and then decreased as HFCG dose increased. Carcass (P ≥ 0.30), meat quality (P ≥ 0.06), and sensory characteristics (P ≥ 0.21) were not affected by dose of HFCG. We conclude that feeding HFCG to finishing beef heifers diet did not affect DMI, growth, gastrointestinal fermentation parameters, or carcass merit, meat quality and palatability.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：