Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire最新文献

The first objective of this prospective, randomized, crossover experimental trial was to compare the rostral spread of lumbosacral epidural volume calculated by body weight (BW) or vertebral column length (LE) in 6 small, isoflurane-anesthetized female beagle dogs (BW: 7.5 to 10.2 kg; LE measured from the occipital crest to the sacrococcygeal space: 46 to 56 cm). The second objective was to assess the response to a noxious stimulus once the dogs recovered from anesthesia and to determine the effects of the injection on cardiopulmonary variables. While in sternal position, dogs were injected through an epidural catheter with a volume mixture of bupivacaine 0.25% and iopamidol 15% based on BW: 0.2 mL/kg or LE: 0.05 mL/cm (< 50 cm) or 0.07 mL/cm (50 to < 70 cm). Rostral spread was determined by counting the number of vertebrae reached by iopamidol using computed tomography. After anesthesia, cardiopulmonary variables, motor function, and responses to nociceptive stimuli were evaluated. Comparisons were completed with mixed linear models and 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P < 0.05). The volume of injectate (3.29 ± 0.74 versus 1.81 ± 0.21 mL; mean ± SD) and the number of vertebrae (22 ± 2 versus 19 ± 2 vertebrae) reached by iopamidol were significantly greater for LE than for BW. Response to nociception, time to return of pain sensation, motor function, and cardiopulmonary variables were similar between groups. In conclusion, dosing based on LE resulted in larger rostral spread than when based on BW in dogs of small size.

The objective of this study was to compare the rostral spread of lumbosacral epidural volumes of a mixture of dye and contrast medium, calculated using body weight (BW) or vertebral column length (LE), in 22 dog cadavers. The dogs weighed 4.6 to 52.0 kg. Dogs were paired within a < 10% difference for BW and LE and with the same body condition score (BCS). Pairs of dogs were injected while in sternal recumbency through an epidural catheter with a volume mixture of iopamidol and dye, calculated based on BW: 0.2 mL/kg in one of the cadavers and based on LE: 0.05 mL/cm (< 50 cm), 0.07 mL/cm (50 to < 70 cm), 0.08 mL/cm (70 to < 80 cm), and 0.11 mL/cm (≥ 80 cm) in the other cadaver. The extent of rostral spread was determined using computed tomography for iopamidol and anatomical dissection for dye. Comparisons for dye and iopamidol within each dog, and for BW and LE within matched pairs, were completed with mixed linear models (P < 0.05). The number of vertebrae reached by dye was greater than the number reached by iopamidol in both BW and LE, but the rostral spread was not significantly different between BW and LE for all pairs. In conclusion, dye tends to spread further than iopamidol and therefore, these two methods should not be considered interchangeable when used in research studies.

The objective of this study was to assess the application of a urethrostomy technique that utilizes an autologous vascularized intestinal graft as a "neourethra" and to analyze its short- and long-term feasibilities. Six cats with urethral rupture and 8 cats with urethral stricture and a history of urethrostomy were included. The inclusion criteria were the indication for urethroplasty and limited urethral length for perineal urethrostomy. A segment of intestine was prepared as a graft for urethral repair. The diameter of the aboral end was adjusted to facilitate anastomosis with the urethra or neck of the urinary bladder. An ostomy was created in the prepubic region using the oral end. The postoperative follow-up period was at least 1 y. Restoration of urinary flow was successful in all cases immediately after surgery. During postoperative follow-up, minimal complications were observed, with urinary incontinence being one of the most frequent, occurring in 28.5% (4/14) of the cases. Urine culture, carried out at different times during the follow-up period, was positive in 72.7% (8/11) of the cats. The autologous graft from the vascularized intestinal segment was an appropriate urethral substitute and this urethroplasty technique therefore proved to be feasible in cats. The postoperative complications observed were not exclusive to this technique and generally could either be corrected or tolerated. Periodic clinical follow-up examinations are recommended. This procedure allows the reestablishment of urinary flow and should be considered a favorable option, particularly when there is insufficient urethral tissue to allow repair using conventional techniques.

[This corrects the article on p. 52 in vol. 86, PMID: 34975223.].

The objective of this retrospective case series was to report overall peri-operative complications, short- to mid-term outcome, and owner satisfaction of closing tibial wedge osteotomy (CTWO) using locking compression plates, in dogs weighing ≤ 20 kg, for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease. Medical records from 2015 to 2020 were reviewed for surgical technique, intraoperative findings, and complications. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were evaluated for healing, complications, and tibial plateau angles (TPAs). A follow-up telephone questionnaire was used to evaluate patient outcome and owner satisfaction. Eighty-one client-owned dogs (12.0 kg ± 3.0 kg; 95% CI: 8.4 to 15.5) (N = 89 stifles) were included in the study. Mean tibial plateau angles at preoperative, postoperative, and 8-week follow-up were 29.7° ± 4.1° (95% CI: 25.5 to 33.8), 6.7° ± 2.6° (95% CI: 4.2 to 9.2), and 7.8° ± 2.4° (95% CI: 4.9 to 10.6), respectively. Tibial plateau angles had significantly increased at the 8-week follow-up assessment by 1.04° ± 1.8°; 95% CI: -0.8 to -2.8) compared to immediately postoperative. The postoperative complication rate was 4.49% (4 cases). Overall satisfaction was excellent with good return to limb function. Closing tibial wedge osteotomy can be performed in dogs ≤ 20 kg, using locking compression plates, achieving excellent overall owner satisfaction and return to function.

[This corrects the article on p. 203 in vol. 86, PMID: 35794970.].

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of bull location (shade versus no shade), scrotal subcutaneous and ambient temperatures, and sperm quality. Six Angus bulls (4 to 5 y) were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 3 bulls each, housed in 2 outdoor pens, with 1 containing a shed (~3.5 × 6 m and 2.5 m high, 1 open side) to provide shade. Semen was collected by electroejaculation once weekly for 9 wk. The percentage of time a bull voluntarily accessed shade for ≥ 15 min (observed with a game camera) increased with the ambient temperature and ranged from 7.6% to 86.7% for ambient temperatures of < 25°C and > 33°C, respectively. During the 10 hottest days, scrotal subcutaneous temperature (measured hourly with an implanted data logger) in the bulls without access to shade (control group) was directly associated with ambient temperature. Conversely, bulls with access to shade had lower (P = 0.001) scrotal subcutaneous temperatures during high ambient temperatures, particularly when they accessed shade. During the 4 hottest days, these bulls voluntarily accessed shade most of the time from 12:00 noon to 5:00 p.m. (peak ambient temperatures). For total sperm morphological abnormalities and acrosome integrity, there were group effects (P = 0.001 for each), plus a time effect for acrosome integrity (P = 0.009). For total and progressive forward sperm motility, there were group effects (P = 0.001 and 0.023, respectively). For sperm motility kinetics, which were measured with computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), [average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), straightness of track (STR), and linearity of track (LIN)], there were also group effects (P = 0.005, 0.011, 0.010, 0.020, and 0.046, respectively). In summary, during hot weather, bulls voluntarily accessed shade, which significantly lowered scrotal subcutaneous temperatures and improved sperm quality.

The domestic dog has been given considerable attention as a system for investigating the genetics of human diseases. Population diversity and breed structure are unique features that make dogs particularly amenable to genetic studies. Dogs show distinguished features of breed-specific homogeneity, which is associated with striking interbreed heterogeneity. This review discusses the significance of studying the genetic maps, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and usefulness of this species as an animal model. Most canine genetic disorders are similar to those of humans, including inherited, psychiatric, and genetic disorders. In addition to revealing new candidate genes, canine models allow access to experimental resources, such as cells, tissues, and even live animals, for research and intervention purposes.