Frequencies of pollen mother cells with different numbers of bivalents significantly deviated from that expected with a binomial distribution in Capsicum annuum desynaptic mutants controlled by a recessive gene. This pattern varied in F2 segregants.Key words: Capsicum, chili pepper, desynaptics, bivalent distribution.
{"title":"Mode of bivalent formation in desynaptic mutants of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)","authors":"O. Kumar, R. C. Panda, K. G. R. Rao","doi":"10.1139/G86-050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-050","url":null,"abstract":"Frequencies of pollen mother cells with different numbers of bivalents significantly deviated from that expected with a binomial distribution in Capsicum annuum desynaptic mutants controlled by a recessive gene. This pattern varied in F2 segregants.Key words: Capsicum, chili pepper, desynaptics, bivalent distribution.","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"30 1","pages":"335-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85448411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in mitotic chromosomes of four species (viz., Drosophila quadrilineata de Meijere, D. immigrans Sturtevant, D. pulaua Wheeler, and D. kohkoa Wheeler) was studied using C-banding and fluorescence staining techniques. The results of this study had revealed that the heterochromatic segments detected by C-banding in the species under study were found to coincide precisely with the areas giving bright fluorescence with the two fluorochromes, Hoechst 33258 and quinacrine. This suggested the presence of A–T rich base pairs in their heterochromatin. These studies further revealed that the modification of heterochromatin caused due to the additions or deletions in particular had also played a very significant role during the differentiation of these species.Key words: heterochromatin modification, immigrans species group, Drosophila.
采用c带和荧光染色技术研究了四种果蝇(Drosophila quadrilineata de Meijere, D. emigans Sturtevant, D. pulaua Wheeler和D. kohkoa Wheeler)有丝分裂染色体的组成异染色质分布。本研究结果表明，在所研究的物种中，通过c带检测到的异色片段与两种荧光染料Hoechst 33258和quinacrine发出明亮荧光的区域完全重合。这表明在它们的异染色质中存在富含A-T的碱基对。这些研究进一步揭示了异染色质的修饰，特别是由添加或缺失引起的异染色质修饰在这些物种的分化过程中也发挥了非常重要的作用。关键词:异染色质修饰;迁徙种群;果蝇
{"title":"Characterization and modification of heterochromatin in four species of the immigrans species group of Drosophila","authors":"Gupta Jp, Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1139/G86-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-051","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in mitotic chromosomes of four species (viz., Drosophila quadrilineata de Meijere, D. immigrans Sturtevant, D. pulaua Wheeler, and D. kohkoa Wheeler) was studied using C-banding and fluorescence staining techniques. The results of this study had revealed that the heterochromatic segments detected by C-banding in the species under study were found to coincide precisely with the areas giving bright fluorescence with the two fluorochromes, Hoechst 33258 and quinacrine. This suggested the presence of A–T rich base pairs in their heterochromatin. These studies further revealed that the modification of heterochromatin caused due to the additions or deletions in particular had also played a very significant role during the differentiation of these species.Key words: heterochromatin modification, immigrans species group, Drosophila.","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"70 1","pages":"340-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80390479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inheritance of siliqua strength was studied in Brassica campestris L. using F1, F2, and backcross generations of crosses between cv. Torch (shatter susceptible) and var. Yellow Sarson and var. Brown Sarson (shatter resistant) accessions. Shatter resistance (high siliqua strength) was recessive in all crosses. Crosses involving DS-17-D (var. Brown Sarson) indicated that siliqua strength is most likely controlled by two genes that show dominant epistatic interaction. Crosses of IB-5 and B-46 (both var. Yellow Sarson) each with cv. Torch indicated the likelihood of three genes controlling siliqua strength, two of which appeared to be epistatic over the third gene when dominant. In these crosses, the multivalve character appeared to be controlled by three genes, two of which were epistatic over the third gene resulting in multivalve character when the former two were recessive. Segregation for siliqua strength in the var. Yellow Sarson crosses was not independent of segregation for multivalve character.Ke...
以油菜为材料，利用F1、F2和回交代对油菜的硅强遗传进行了研究。火炬(易破碎)和var. Yellow Sarson和var. Brown Sarson(抗破碎)加入。抗破碎性(高硅强度)在所有杂交中都是隐性的。涉及DS-17-D (var. Brown Sarson)的杂交表明，稻米强度很可能由两个显性上位互作基因控制。b -5和B-46杂交(都是黄萨尔森品种)，cv值均为0。Torch表明可能有三个基因控制唾液强度，其中两个基因在显性时似乎对第三个基因具有上位性。在这些杂交中，多瓣性状似乎由三个基因控制，其中两个基因对第三个基因的上位性导致多瓣性状，而前两个基因是隐性的。黄沙逊杂交中硅强度的偏析与多阀性状的偏析并不是独立的。
{"title":"Inheritance of siliqua strength in Brassica campestris L. I: Studies of F2 and backcross populations","authors":"G. P. Kadkol, G. Halloran, R. Macmillan","doi":"10.1139/G86-054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-054","url":null,"abstract":"The inheritance of siliqua strength was studied in Brassica campestris L. using F1, F2, and backcross generations of crosses between cv. Torch (shatter susceptible) and var. Yellow Sarson and var. Brown Sarson (shatter resistant) accessions. Shatter resistance (high siliqua strength) was recessive in all crosses. Crosses involving DS-17-D (var. Brown Sarson) indicated that siliqua strength is most likely controlled by two genes that show dominant epistatic interaction. Crosses of IB-5 and B-46 (both var. Yellow Sarson) each with cv. Torch indicated the likelihood of three genes controlling siliqua strength, two of which appeared to be epistatic over the third gene when dominant. In these crosses, the multivalve character appeared to be controlled by three genes, two of which were epistatic over the third gene resulting in multivalve character when the former two were recessive. Segregation for siliqua strength in the var. Yellow Sarson crosses was not independent of segregation for multivalve character.Ke...","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"129 1","pages":"365-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85402799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic variability in three jack pine (Pinus banksiana) populations, spaced 10 km apart in southern Manitoba, was analyzed electrophoretically for 15 enzymes encoded by 20 structural loci. These populations were studied as spatial and temporal controls in an investigation of the effects of long-term gamma irradiation on boreal tree species. Individual populations were, on average, polymorphic at 53.3% of the loci and had 2.0 alleles per locus. Individual trees were heterozygous at 20.7% of their loci. An F-statistic analysis revealed an overall 10% excess of heterozygotes over Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Only 2% of the genetic variation occurred among populations. Consequently Nei's genetic distance between populations was small . The amount and disposition of the genetic variation in neighbouring populations resembled that observed by others among widely spaced populations. The similarity of the genetic structure of jack pine populations at the meso- and macro-geographic levels might result from the an...
{"title":"Genetic variation among local populations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana)","authors":"H. Ross, J. L. Hawkins","doi":"10.1139/G86-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-068","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic variability in three jack pine (Pinus banksiana) populations, spaced 10 km apart in southern Manitoba, was analyzed electrophoretically for 15 enzymes encoded by 20 structural loci. These populations were studied as spatial and temporal controls in an investigation of the effects of long-term gamma irradiation on boreal tree species. Individual populations were, on average, polymorphic at 53.3% of the loci and had 2.0 alleles per locus. Individual trees were heterozygous at 20.7% of their loci. An F-statistic analysis revealed an overall 10% excess of heterozygotes over Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Only 2% of the genetic variation occurred among populations. Consequently Nei's genetic distance between populations was small . The amount and disposition of the genetic variation in neighbouring populations resembled that observed by others among widely spaced populations. The similarity of the genetic structure of jack pine populations at the meso- and macro-geographic levels might result from the an...","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"26 1","pages":"453-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82047290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disomic substitution stocks in which chromosome 7D of Triticum aestivum cv. Canthatch was replaced by the corresponding homologous chromosome of each of four varieties of Triticum tauschii were cro...
小麦染色体7D变异的二体替代砧木。4个小麦品种的Canthatch被各自对应的同源染色体所取代。
{"title":"The differentiation between chromosome 7D of Triticum aestivum cv. Canthatch and Triticum tauschii as measured by chromosome pairing","authors":"G. Penner, E. R. Kerber, E. Larter","doi":"10.1139/G86-056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-056","url":null,"abstract":"Disomic substitution stocks in which chromosome 7D of Triticum aestivum cv. Canthatch was replaced by the corresponding homologous chromosome of each of four varieties of Triticum tauschii were cro...","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"43 1","pages":"385-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86702979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The third chromosome arrangements of northern populations of Drosophila persimilis were reexamined for comparison with their frequencies four decades ago. A total of nine arrangements were found to...
{"title":"The third chromosome inversion polymorphisms in northern populations of Drosophila persimilis","authors":"A. Beckenbach","doi":"10.1139/G86-059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-059","url":null,"abstract":"The third chromosome arrangements of northern populations of Drosophila persimilis were reexamined for comparison with their frequencies four decades ago. A total of nine arrangements were found to...","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"31 1","pages":"401-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88251107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A reciprocal translocation was found with a high frequency (average 44.44%) in four natural populations of Allium paniculatum L. (Liliaceae) from the South of Spain. The chromosomes involved are 1 and 7. The translocation is reciprocal and unequal. Chiasma frequency in the chromosomes not involved in the interchange is not affected, but chiasma frequency is decreased in the translocated chromosomes in the heterozygotes. As a satellite chromosome is involved in the interchange, the nucleolus is associated with the quadrivalent and the pattern of nucleolus formation is changed in heterozygotes, which have a lower mean number of nucleoli than homozygous standard individuals . The spontaneous mutation rate for interchanges during the early stages of microsporogenesis is high (μ = 1.08 × 10−2). No interchange homozygotes were found in any of the four populations analyzed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of heterozygous (HT) and homozygous standard (HM) individuals in two populations demonstrated that homoz...
{"title":"Interchange polymorphism in natural populations of Allium paniculatum L. (Liliaceae): nature, frequency, effects, and mechanism of maintenance","authors":"R. Lozano, C. R. Rejón, M. R. Rejón","doi":"10.1139/G86-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-052","url":null,"abstract":"A reciprocal translocation was found with a high frequency (average 44.44%) in four natural populations of Allium paniculatum L. (Liliaceae) from the South of Spain. The chromosomes involved are 1 and 7. The translocation is reciprocal and unequal. Chiasma frequency in the chromosomes not involved in the interchange is not affected, but chiasma frequency is decreased in the translocated chromosomes in the heterozygotes. As a satellite chromosome is involved in the interchange, the nucleolus is associated with the quadrivalent and the pattern of nucleolus formation is changed in heterozygotes, which have a lower mean number of nucleoli than homozygous standard individuals . The spontaneous mutation rate for interchanges during the early stages of microsporogenesis is high (μ = 1.08 × 10−2). No interchange homozygotes were found in any of the four populations analyzed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of heterozygous (HT) and homozygous standard (HM) individuals in two populations demonstrated that homoz...","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"77 1","pages":"348-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90060050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intergeneric hybrids were obtained between Hordeum parodii Covas s.1. (6x) and three cultivars of triticale (×Triticosecale) at frequencies of 0.47 to 1.21% of pollinated florets. The triticale cultivars varied in their chromosome constitutions of the rye genome as well as the telomeric heterochromatin content of some of the rye chromosomes. The average chiasmata frequency per cell varied from 0.58 to 13.14 in different hybrid combinations. The differences in the chiasmata frequencies in the different hybrid combinations were attributed to a meiotic pairing control mechanism in H. parodii whose function was affected primarily by the rye chromosome constitutions of the triticale cultivars and to a lesser extent by the heterochromatin content of the rye chromosomes.Key words: hybrids (intergeneric), Hordeum, meiotic pairing control, chiasma.
{"title":"Variation in induction of homoeologous pairing among chromosomes of 6x Hordeum parodii as a result of three triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars","authors":"P. Gupta, G. Fedak","doi":"10.1139/G86-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-062","url":null,"abstract":"Intergeneric hybrids were obtained between Hordeum parodii Covas s.1. (6x) and three cultivars of triticale (×Triticosecale) at frequencies of 0.47 to 1.21% of pollinated florets. The triticale cultivars varied in their chromosome constitutions of the rye genome as well as the telomeric heterochromatin content of some of the rye chromosomes. The average chiasmata frequency per cell varied from 0.58 to 13.14 in different hybrid combinations. The differences in the chiasmata frequencies in the different hybrid combinations were attributed to a meiotic pairing control mechanism in H. parodii whose function was affected primarily by the rye chromosome constitutions of the triticale cultivars and to a lesser extent by the heterochromatin content of the rye chromosomes.Key words: hybrids (intergeneric), Hordeum, meiotic pairing control, chiasma.","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"27 1","pages":"420-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78616920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A very large proportion of plants regenerated from anther culture of triticale F1 hybrids do not show the euploid number of chromosomes. Of 408 androgenetic plants checked for their chromosome numbers, 228 were aneuploid, of which 39 had one or several telosomes. Two observations suggest that most of the chromosome variations observed probably preexist in microspores of the F1 hybrids and would be caused by meiotic irregularities: on the one hand, the majority of these phenomena involve R-genome chromosomes, which also give rise to meiotic univalents; on the other hand, the chromosome number frequency distribution of the microspores from a fairly asyndetic hybrid fits well with that of the androgenetic plants. Thus aneuploidy and chromosome rearrangement do not implicate the in vitro technique itself but rather the choice of the material in triticale.Key words: × triticosecale, in vitro culture, chromosome variation, aneuploidy, C-banding.
{"title":"Origin of aneuploid plants obtained by anther culture in triticale","authors":"G. Charmet, S. Bernard, M. Bernard","doi":"10.1139/G86-067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-067","url":null,"abstract":"A very large proportion of plants regenerated from anther culture of triticale F1 hybrids do not show the euploid number of chromosomes. Of 408 androgenetic plants checked for their chromosome numbers, 228 were aneuploid, of which 39 had one or several telosomes. Two observations suggest that most of the chromosome variations observed probably preexist in microspores of the F1 hybrids and would be caused by meiotic irregularities: on the one hand, the majority of these phenomena involve R-genome chromosomes, which also give rise to meiotic univalents; on the other hand, the chromosome number frequency distribution of the microspores from a fairly asyndetic hybrid fits well with that of the androgenetic plants. Thus aneuploidy and chromosome rearrangement do not implicate the in vitro technique itself but rather the choice of the material in triticale.Key words: × triticosecale, in vitro culture, chromosome variation, aneuploidy, C-banding.","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"33 1","pages":"444-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86008691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chromosome numbers were determined for 26 taxa of Antennaria from western North America. These were found to include diploid and polyploid species and their putative hybrids. First counts are repor...
{"title":"Chromosome numbers in Antennaria (Asteraceae:Inuleae) from western North America","authors":"C. Chinnappa","doi":"10.1139/G86-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-070","url":null,"abstract":"Chromosome numbers were determined for 26 taxa of Antennaria from western North America. These were found to include diploid and polyploid species and their putative hybrids. First counts are repor...","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"26 1","pages":"468-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77973124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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