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Cytogenetic analysis of translocation heterozygosity in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 菜豆易位杂合性的细胞遗传学分析
M. Ashraf, M. J. Bassett
Twelve semisterile lines of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (2n = 22) were reported previously by this laboratory. Here we verify through cytological investigations that 5 of the 12 stocks are indeed chromosome translocations. Cytological analysis of a half diallel set of crosses indicates that these five stocks involve eight different chromosomes in reciprocal translocations. Pollen and ovule abortion rates increase with the increasing number of interchanges in a stock. Cytological behavior and morphological abnormalities with respect to pollen and ovule abortion produced by translocation heterozygosity in the common bean, as observed in this study, are similar to those reported in other crops.Key words: Phaseolus, chromosome translocation, translocation heterozygosity.
本实验室已报道了12个菜豆(2n = 22)半不育系。在这里,我们通过细胞学调查证实,12股中的5确实是染色体易位。对一组半双列杂交的细胞学分析表明,这5个种群涉及8条不同的染色体的相互易位。花粉和胚珠的败育率随着砧木交换次数的增加而增加。本研究观察到,在普通豆中,由易位杂合引起的花粉和胚珠败育的细胞学行为和形态学异常与其他作物的报道相似。关键词:菜豆,染色体易位,易位杂合性。
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引用次数: 12
Evidence for local DNA influences on patterns of substitutions in the human alpha-interferon gene family. 局部DNA影响人类α -干扰素基因家族替代模式的证据。
G B Golding, B W Glickman

The evolutionary history of genes can be used to examine patterns of spontaneous mutation if the sequences are sufficiently extensive to provide reliable data. Many human alpha-interferon genes have been sequenced and they form a large multigene family including several pseudogenes. A phylogenetic history for 15 human interferon sequences was reconstructed and their ancestral sequences inferred using a maximum parsimony method. This evolutionary history provided a record of more than 738 spontaneous mutations that have occurred in man's recent evolution. Of these mutations, more than 267 base substitution and deletion-insertion events were analyzed to determine the possible effects of nearby DNA sequences. Many substitutions occur at the end of long runs of identical bases and some dinucleotide pairs may mutate more often than others. Because templating by local DNA sequences has been implicated in prokaryotic mutation, the sequences were also examined for nearby repeats that include the substituted nucleotide and hence are potentially capable of templating the substitution. The majority of sequence alterations examined have either a similar direct repeat or palindrome nearby. Often such templates can account for simultaneous multiple mutations. These results suggest that sequence-directed events may occur occasionally in eukaryotes and that neighbouring DNA sequences can influence both the occurrence and types of mutations in several different ways.

如果序列足够广泛,可以提供可靠的数据,基因的进化史可以用来检查自发突变的模式。许多人类α -干扰素基因已被测序,它们形成了一个大的多基因家族,包括一些假基因。重建了15个人类干扰素序列的系统发育历史,并利用最大简约法推断了它们的祖先序列。这个进化史提供了在人类最近的进化中发生的超过738个自发突变的记录。在这些突变中,分析了超过267个碱基置换和缺失插入事件,以确定附近DNA序列的可能影响。许多替换发生在相同碱基的长链末端,一些二核苷酸对可能比其他二核苷酸对更频繁地突变。由于局部DNA序列的模板化与原核突变有关,因此还检查了这些序列附近的重复序列,这些重复序列包括取代的核苷酸,因此可能具有模板化替代的能力。大多数被检查的序列改变要么有类似的直接重复,要么附近有回文。通常这样的模板可以解释同时发生的多个突变。这些结果表明,序列导向事件可能偶尔发生在真核生物中,邻近的DNA序列可以以几种不同的方式影响突变的发生和类型。
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引用次数: 11
Nuclear DNA variation in Piper (Piperaceae) 胡椒科胡椒的核DNA变异
R. Samuel, J. B. Smith, M. D. Bennett
Significant interspecific variation in DNA amount was observed among nine species of Piper. The DNA amount of a wild octoploid accession of Piper nigrum was approximately double that of the cultivated tetraploid variety of the same species. However, three New World diploid species had higher nuclear DNA amounts than several New or Old World tetraploid species. The DNA content per basic genome was, on the whole, lower in cultivated than in wild species.Key words: Piperaceae, Piper, Piper nigrum (black pepper), polyploids, DNA amounts.
9种胡椒的DNA含量存在显著的种间差异。野生黑椒八倍体的DNA量约为同种栽培四倍体品种的两倍。然而,三个新世界二倍体物种的核DNA含量高于几个新世界或旧大陆四倍体物种。栽培种的每个基本基因组的DNA含量总体上低于野生种。关键词:胡椒科,胡椒,黑胡椒,多倍体,DNA量
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引用次数: 19
Meiosis in Triticum aestivum × Elytrigia repens hybrids 小麦与偃麦草杂交的减数分裂
G. Fedak, A. Comeau, C. St-Pierre
The average meiotic configuration in Triticum aestivum × Elytrigia repens hybrids was 31.951 + 4.97 II + 0.03 IV per cell. Chromosome synapsis was likely due to autosyndesis between chromosomes of the S genomes and not due to intergenomic homology.Key words: hybrids, intergeneric, Elytrigia repens, Triticum aestivum, chromosome synapsis.
小麦与偃麦草杂交的平均减数分裂构型为31.951 + 4.97 + 0.03 IV /细胞。染色体突触可能是由于S基因组染色体之间的自合,而不是由于基因组间同源性。关键词:杂交种,属间,偃麦草,小麦,染色体突触。
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引用次数: 9
Cytogenetic stability of aneuploid maize tissue cultures 玉米非整倍体组织培养的细胞遗传学稳定性
C. Rhodes, R. Phillips, C. E. Green
Monosomic maize tissue cultures might be used to select recessive mutations of cellular traits. This strategy would avoid some of the problems encountered with haploid cultures such as lack of vigor, sterility of regenerated plants, and uncontrolled diploidization. Monosomic and other aneuploid plants were selected among progeny of W22 R/r-x1 crossed with genetic stocks containing recessive markers. The r-x1 allele induces aneuploidy at a frequency of about 15%. Immature tassels of selected plants were used to initiate totipotent tissue cultures. Plants were regenerated from the cultures over a period of 3 to 17 months after culture initiation. Meiotic karyotypes of microsporocytes and pollen sterility were analyzed in regenerated plants. At least 40% of the 161 plants regenerated from aneuploid cultures had altered karyotypes. This frequency was not related to culture age. Most alterations involved chromosome breakage rather than changes in chromosome number. Types of alterations included heteromorphic p...
玉米单体组织培养可用于筛选细胞性状的隐性突变。这种策略可以避免单倍体培养所遇到的一些问题,如缺乏活力、再生植株不育和不受控制的二倍体分化。在W22 R/ R -x1与含有隐性标记的遗传资源杂交的后代中选择单体和其他非整倍体植株。r-x1等位基因诱导非整倍体的频率约为15%。选用植物的未成熟雄穗进行全能性组织培养。植株在培养起始后3 ~ 17个月再生。对再生植株的小孢子细胞减数分裂核型和花粉不育性进行了分析。从非整倍体培养再生的161株植株中,至少有40%的核型发生了改变。这一频率与培养年龄无关。大多数改变涉及染色体断裂而不是染色体数目的改变。改变的类型包括异型p…
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引用次数: 22
Meiotic pairing in haploids and amphidiploids of spontaneous versus synthetic origin in rape, Brassica napus L. 甘蓝型油菜单倍体和雌雄二倍体自然起源与合成起源减数分裂配对研究。
T. Attia, G. Röbbelen
Newly resynthesized AC amphihaploids, which were characterized by high meiotic pairing and multivalent formulation, after doubling of their chromosome number showed preferential pairing and bivalent formation in the resynthesized amphidiploid Brassica napus (AACC). However, univalents as well as multivalents were also formed indicating that their chromosome behaviour was not fully diploidized. Stabilization of chromosome pairing in newly resynthesized amphidiploids can be achieved through genetic control or structural modification of the homoeologous chromosomes. A comparison of the meiotic behaviour of spontaneous haploids of natural rapeseed with that of the newly synthesized AC amphihaploids provides some evidence that both processes may be involved in the regulation of chromosome pairing in Brassica.Key words: Brassica, amphihaploid, amphidiploid, meiosis, univalents, multivalents.
新合成的AC双单倍体具有高减数分裂配对和多价形成的特征,在染色体数目加倍后,在再合成的两二倍体甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus, AACC)中表现出优先配对和二价形成。然而,单价体和多价体也形成,表明它们的染色体行为没有完全二倍体化。在新合成的双二倍体中,染色体配对的稳定可以通过遗传控制或同源染色体的结构修饰来实现。天然油菜单倍体的减数分裂行为与新合成的交流双单倍体的减数分裂行为的比较提供了一些证据,表明这两个过程可能都参与了芸苔属植物染色体配对的调节。关键词:芸苔,两性单倍体,两性二倍体,减数分裂,单价体,多价体
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引用次数: 50
Generation by a polymorphic supernumerary segment of recombination in a normally achiasmate proximal region in Acrotylus insubricus (Scopoli) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) 棘背蝗(直翅目,蝗科)近端正常成就的多态重组片段的产生
J. S. Rufas, J. Suja, C. G. Vega
Four of 20 males collected from a Spanish natural population of Acrotylus insubricus (Scopoli) present a supernumerary segment that is distally located in one of the chromosomes of the M9 bivalent....
从西班牙自然种群中收集的20个雄性中,有4个在M9二价....染色体的一条远端有一个多余的片段
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引用次数: 8
Realized genetic parameters from an antagonistic selection index in Tribolium castaneum 从一个拮抗选择指数实现了木犀草的遗传参数
J. Campo, L. G. Raya
Simultaneous selection of two highly correlated traits was practiced in Tribolium castaneum in a replicated experiment for six generations. Two lines were selected in each of three replicates: P+A− for an antagonistic selection index to increase pupal weight at 21 days and decrease adult weight at 31 days, and P−A+ for an antagonistic selection index to decrease pupal weight and increase adult weight. Genetic correlation between pupal and adult weights estimated in the base population was 0.95. Estimates of realized heritabilities and genetic correlation were obtained and compared with full-sib estimates. For the aggregate genotype, the P+A− line had a significant positive selection response, while the P−A+ line showed a significant negative response as would be expected. The response to divergent selection was asymmetrical, being less for the low pupal weight and high adult weight line than vice versa. Less asymmetry was found for the realized heritability, which agreed very well with the index heritabil...
在6代重复试验中,对两种高度相关性状进行了同时选择。在3个重复中,每个重复选择2个品系:P+A -为拮抗选择指数,在21 d时增加蛹重,在31 d时减少成虫重;P−A+为拮抗选择指数,在21 d时减少蛹重,在31 d时增加成虫重。基础种群中蛹重与成虫重的遗传相关为0.95。获得了实现遗传力和遗传相关性的估计值,并与全同胞估计值进行了比较。对于总基因型,P+A -系表现出显著的正选择响应,而P - A+系表现出显著的负选择响应。对分化选择的响应是不对称的,对低蛹重和高成虫重系的响应较小,反之亦然。实现遗传率的不对称性较小,与指标遗传率吻合较好。
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引用次数: 4
Alien chromosome fragments conditioning resistance to beet cyst nematode in diploid descendants from monosomic additions of Beta procumbens to B. vulgaris 异源染色体片段调节了原藜单体添加到普通甜菜二倍体后代对甜菜囊肿线虫的抗性
J. Jong, G. Speckmann, T. S. Bock, W. Lange, A. V. Voorst
A monosomic addition plant of Beta vulgaris, containing an extra chromosome of B. procumbens with a gene for resistance to the beet cyst nematode, gave rise to a diploid descendant with an addition...
一株普通甜菜的单体加成植株,含有含有抗甜菜囊肿线虫基因的双倍体原甘豆的染色体,产生了二倍体后代。
{"title":"Alien chromosome fragments conditioning resistance to beet cyst nematode in diploid descendants from monosomic additions of Beta procumbens to B. vulgaris","authors":"J. Jong, G. Speckmann, T. S. Bock, W. Lange, A. V. Voorst","doi":"10.1139/G86-066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/G86-066","url":null,"abstract":"A monosomic addition plant of Beta vulgaris, containing an extra chromosome of B. procumbens with a gene for resistance to the beet cyst nematode, gave rise to a diploid descendant with an addition...","PeriodicalId":9589,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie","volume":"31 1","pages":"439-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81310437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Expression of senescence in Neurospora intermedia 中间神经孢子虫衰老的表达
A. Griffiths, S. Kraus, H. Bertrand
Kalilo cytoplasms of Neurospora intermedia have been shown to express senescence in two ways. First, by the previously reported way of death in a subculture series, and second, as reported here, by...
中间神经孢子菌的细胞质以两种方式表达衰老。首先,根据先前报道的亚文化系列的死亡方式,其次,正如这里报道的,由…
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引用次数: 21
期刊
Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie
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