Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-88-17-26
I. Sugaylo, D. Naumov, D. Gassan, O. Kotova, Y. Gorchakova
Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a severe, progressive disease characterized by irreversible airway obstruction and emphysema. Prolonged exposition to airborne toxicants triggers irreversible processes leading to aberrant polarization of macrophages and defective phagocytosis, imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Aim. To study the features of the reaction of macrophages in COPD patients to the action of pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli. Materials and methods. The study included 8 COPD patients and 6 control subjects. All persons underwent clinical and functional examination and sampling of peripheral venous blood for the isolation of monocytes. Cells had been cultured with 50 ng/mL granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for 6 days, and then were polarized into pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages by adding E. coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 100 ng/mL and recombinant human interferon gamma (IFN-γ) 20 ng/ml, or interleukin 4 (IL-4) 20 ng/ml, respectively. Cytokine analysis was performed in the culture medium supernatant by multiplex analysis on a flow cytometer. Results. In the non-polarized state (M0), cells of COPD patients and the control group did not differ in the rate of cytokine production. At the same time, under LPS/IFN-γ stimulation a more pronounced increase in pro-inflammatory CXCL10 was observed in patients with COPD as compared with the control group (104.5-fold vs. 41.6-fold, p=0.04), and in the control group, on the contrary, the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased to a greater extent (99.6-fold vs. 30.5- fold, p=0.06). The effect of IL-4 on COPD macrophages was accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in IL-6, TNFα and IL-8 as compared to the group of healthy subjects. Conclusion. COPD macrophages are characterized by increased sensitivity to polarizing stimuli: under M1 stimulation we observed increased pro-inflammatory activity and under conditions of M2 differentiation, on the contrary, more pronounced inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators occurred.
{"title":"Pro-inflammatory activity of COPD macrophages in the in vitro experiment","authors":"I. Sugaylo, D. Naumov, D. Gassan, O. Kotova, Y. Gorchakova","doi":"10.36604/1998-5029-2023-88-17-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2023-88-17-26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a severe, progressive disease characterized by irreversible airway obstruction and emphysema. Prolonged exposition to airborne toxicants triggers irreversible processes leading to aberrant polarization of macrophages and defective phagocytosis, imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Aim. To study the features of the reaction of macrophages in COPD patients to the action of pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli. Materials and methods. The study included 8 COPD patients and 6 control subjects. All persons underwent clinical and functional examination and sampling of peripheral venous blood for the isolation of monocytes. Cells had been cultured with 50 ng/mL granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for 6 days, and then were polarized into pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages by adding E. coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 100 ng/mL and recombinant human interferon gamma (IFN-γ) 20 ng/ml, or interleukin 4 (IL-4) 20 ng/ml, respectively. Cytokine analysis was performed in the culture medium supernatant by multiplex analysis on a flow cytometer. Results. In the non-polarized state (M0), cells of COPD patients and the control group did not differ in the rate of cytokine production. At the same time, under LPS/IFN-γ stimulation a more pronounced increase in pro-inflammatory CXCL10 was observed in patients with COPD as compared with the control group (104.5-fold vs. 41.6-fold, p=0.04), and in the control group, on the contrary, the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased to a greater extent (99.6-fold vs. 30.5- fold, p=0.06). The effect of IL-4 on COPD macrophages was accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in IL-6, TNFα and IL-8 as compared to the group of healthy subjects. Conclusion. COPD macrophages are characterized by increased sensitivity to polarizing stimuli: under M1 stimulation we observed increased pro-inflammatory activity and under conditions of M2 differentiation, on the contrary, more pronounced inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators occurred. ","PeriodicalId":9598,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90753326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-124-137
O. Kytikova, T. Novgorodtseva, Y. K. Denisenko, M. Antonyuk, T. Gvozdenko
Introduction. The prescription of statins is a method of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with proven long-term safety and efficacy. Monotherapy with statins reduces the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the overall risk of cardiovascular mortality, but patients remain at residual risk associated with elevated triglyceride level. There is evidence that the residual risk of CVD can be reduced by the use of long-chain ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) − eicosapentaenoic (EPA 20:5 ω3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA 22:6 ω3). At the same time, in relation to reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular events, these acids have shown controversial results.Aim. Based on the analysis of the available literature, analyze the reasons for the discrepancies in the results of studies of CVD outcomes and discuss the heterogeneity of the body’s response to the intake of ω3 PUFAs.Materials and methods. The PubMed database was searched for information over the past five years on selected inclusion criteria. Information requests included the following keywords: “eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular risk.”Results. The dose, type and ratio of the combination of ω3 PUFAs used may be important in evaluating the effect of ω3 PUFAs in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. This review summarizes the latest literature data on the prospects for the use of statins, the combination of EPA+DHA and EPA monotherapy in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and reducing the risk of CVD. The heterogeneity of the body’s response to the intake of ω3 PUFAs is discussed.Conclusion. Despite the inconsistency of the results of meta-analyses of the effectiveness of the use of combinations of various types of ω3 PUFAs, it is obvious that further study of the combined use of EPA and DHA, their dosing regimen and combination with statin therapy will make them attractive for reducing the residual risk of CVD.
{"title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the management of dyslipidemia and reduction of residual cardiovascular risk","authors":"O. Kytikova, T. Novgorodtseva, Y. K. Denisenko, M. Antonyuk, T. Gvozdenko","doi":"10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-124-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-124-137","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The prescription of statins is a method of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with proven long-term safety and efficacy. Monotherapy with statins reduces the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the overall risk of cardiovascular mortality, but patients remain at residual risk associated with elevated triglyceride level. There is evidence that the residual risk of CVD can be reduced by the use of long-chain ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) − eicosapentaenoic (EPA 20:5 ω3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA 22:6 ω3). At the same time, in relation to reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular events, these acids have shown controversial results.Aim. Based on the analysis of the available literature, analyze the reasons for the discrepancies in the results of studies of CVD outcomes and discuss the heterogeneity of the body’s response to the intake of ω3 PUFAs.Materials and methods. The PubMed database was searched for information over the past five years on selected inclusion criteria. Information requests included the following keywords: “eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular risk.”Results. The dose, type and ratio of the combination of ω3 PUFAs used may be important in evaluating the effect of ω3 PUFAs in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. This review summarizes the latest literature data on the prospects for the use of statins, the combination of EPA+DHA and EPA monotherapy in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and reducing the risk of CVD. The heterogeneity of the body’s response to the intake of ω3 PUFAs is discussed.Conclusion. Despite the inconsistency of the results of meta-analyses of the effectiveness of the use of combinations of various types of ω3 PUFAs, it is obvious that further study of the combined use of EPA and DHA, their dosing regimen and combination with statin therapy will make them attractive for reducing the residual risk of CVD.","PeriodicalId":9598,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74391322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-62-70
Introduction. It is known that oxidative stress causes pathological changes in the tissues and organs of the human body and in many cases it can explain the disorders associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the degree of oxidative stress in peripheral blood leukocytes of COPD patients.Materials and methods. We examined 23 patients with COPD of varying severity, 8 smokers without signs of bronchial obstruction and 9 healthy volunteers who had never smoked. All subjects underwent spirometry to assess lung function. The level of oxidative stress was determined using flow cytometry by adding 10 µM 2',7'-dichloro dihydrofluorescein diacetate to isolated peripheral blood leukocytes, in basal conditions and under pro-inflammatory stimulation with 0.1 ng/ml phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA).Results. Patients with COPD demonstrated elevated levels of intracellular oxidative stress compared with controls both under basal conditions and during PMA stimulation (p<0.05). When analyzed in subgroups, stimulation led to a significant increase in oxidative stress regardless of cell type (p<0.01). Smokers tend to have elevated measured values, occupying an intermediate position between non-smokers and COPD patients. The absolute increase in the oxidative stress index was higher in the cells of COPD patients; the values of the relative increase were almost identical in the studied groups. The dynamics of oxidative stress in the cells of smokers tended to be more pronounced than in non-smokers.Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that the leukocytes of COPD patients are characterized by a higher level of intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, smoking has been found to be a factor of oxidative stress development in healthy individuals.
{"title":"Oxidative stress in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"","doi":"10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-62-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-62-70","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. It is known that oxidative stress causes pathological changes in the tissues and organs of the human body and in many cases it can explain the disorders associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the degree of oxidative stress in peripheral blood leukocytes of COPD patients.Materials and methods. We examined 23 patients with COPD of varying severity, 8 smokers without signs of bronchial obstruction and 9 healthy volunteers who had never smoked. All subjects underwent spirometry to assess lung function. The level of oxidative stress was determined using flow cytometry by adding 10 µM 2',7'-dichloro dihydrofluorescein diacetate to isolated peripheral blood leukocytes, in basal conditions and under pro-inflammatory stimulation with 0.1 ng/ml phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA).Results. Patients with COPD demonstrated elevated levels of intracellular oxidative stress compared with controls both under basal conditions and during PMA stimulation (p<0.05). When analyzed in subgroups, stimulation led to a significant increase in oxidative stress regardless of cell type (p<0.01). Smokers tend to have elevated measured values, occupying an intermediate position between non-smokers and COPD patients. The absolute increase in the oxidative stress index was higher in the cells of COPD patients; the values of the relative increase were almost identical in the studied groups. The dynamics of oxidative stress in the cells of smokers tended to be more pronounced than in non-smokers.Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that the leukocytes of COPD patients are characterized by a higher level of intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, smoking has been found to be a factor of oxidative stress development in healthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":9598,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83715341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-35-41
I. Menshikova, E. Magalyas, I. Sklyar
Aim. Study of the nature and characteristics of changes in the coronary bed in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methods. The study included 85 patients with ACS: group 1 included 47 patients with ACS and COPD, group 2 included 38 patients with ACS. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, instrumental and laboratory examination.Results. In the majority of patients of group 1 (76.6%), two- and three-vessel lesions of the coronary bed were revealed, and arterial stenoses were multiple, located mainly in the middle and distal parts of the arteries. In (76.3%) patients of the 2nd group, one- and two-vessel lesions of the coronary bed with localization of stenoses mainly in the proximal and middle segment of the coronary arteries (CA) were revealed. The total number of stenosis and hemodynamically significant stenosis was higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (p=0.01). Extended stenoses were more common in group 1 patients (p=0.04). Damage to the CA of the 2nd order was also higher in the 1st group of patients (p=0.01). The 1st group was divided into two subgroups: 1A (26 people) − patients with COPD of moderate severity and 1B (21 people) − patients with severe COPD. In patients of subgroup 1B, a more significant lesion of the coronary bed was noted due to an increase in the total number of stenoses (p=0.02), hemodynamically significant stenoses (p=0.01), localized in the proximal (p=0.04) and distal (p=0.02) segments of the coronary artery, in the branches of the 2nd order (p=0.02), as well as occlusions and critical stenoses of the coronary artery (p=0.02).Conclusion. The severity of COPD in patients with ACS significantly affects the number of hemodynamically significant proximal and distal stenoses, as well as branches of the second order coronary arteries, which reduces the effectiveness of surgical treatment and worsens the prognosis of patients with comorbidities.
{"title":"Characteristics of changes in the coronary arteries in patients with acute coronary syndrome on the background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"I. Menshikova, E. Magalyas, I. Sklyar","doi":"10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-35-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-35-41","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Study of the nature and characteristics of changes in the coronary bed in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methods. The study included 85 patients with ACS: group 1 included 47 patients with ACS and COPD, group 2 included 38 patients with ACS. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, instrumental and laboratory examination.Results. In the majority of patients of group 1 (76.6%), two- and three-vessel lesions of the coronary bed were revealed, and arterial stenoses were multiple, located mainly in the middle and distal parts of the arteries. In (76.3%) patients of the 2nd group, one- and two-vessel lesions of the coronary bed with localization of stenoses mainly in the proximal and middle segment of the coronary arteries (CA) were revealed. The total number of stenosis and hemodynamically significant stenosis was higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (p=0.01). Extended stenoses were more common in group 1 patients (p=0.04). Damage to the CA of the 2nd order was also higher in the 1st group of patients (p=0.01). The 1st group was divided into two subgroups: 1A (26 people) − patients with COPD of moderate severity and 1B (21 people) − patients with severe COPD. In patients of subgroup 1B, a more significant lesion of the coronary bed was noted due to an increase in the total number of stenoses (p=0.02), hemodynamically significant stenoses (p=0.01), localized in the proximal (p=0.04) and distal (p=0.02) segments of the coronary artery, in the branches of the 2nd order (p=0.02), as well as occlusions and critical stenoses of the coronary artery (p=0.02).Conclusion. The severity of COPD in patients with ACS significantly affects the number of hemodynamically significant proximal and distal stenoses, as well as branches of the second order coronary arteries, which reduces the effectiveness of surgical treatment and worsens the prognosis of patients with comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":9598,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73536888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-115-123
V. Voytsekhovskiy, T. Esenina, V. A. Krivutsa, E. Filatova, N. Fedorova
Aim. Demonstration of three clinical cases of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) that developed during the pandemic of a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) from the personal practice of the authors.Materials and methods. A brief review of the literature on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of COVID-19-associated ITP is presented. Three clinical observations of this pathology are given.Results. In two situations, thrombocytopenia developed after severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia. In one case, ITP was diagnosed after a viral infection; PCR test for COVID19 was negative. A young patient without comorbidities with severe thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic syndrome was treated with glucocorticoids and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs). After achieving remission, glucocorticoids were first discontinued, and then TPO-RAs. In elderly patients with a serious comorbid pathology, glucocorticoids were prescribed for a short time, and remission was achieved with TPO-RAs.Conclusion. The choice of therapy for ITP that developed during the COVID-19 pandemic depends on the clinical situation, the presence or absence of COVID-19 infection, the patient’s somatic status, and the presence of comorbid pathology. TPO-RAs play an important role in the treatment of ITP, including those associated with COVID-19.
{"title":"Treatment of patients with COVID-19-associated immune thrombocytopenia in real clinical practice","authors":"V. Voytsekhovskiy, T. Esenina, V. A. Krivutsa, E. Filatova, N. Fedorova","doi":"10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-115-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-115-123","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Demonstration of three clinical cases of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) that developed during the pandemic of a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) from the personal practice of the authors.Materials and methods. A brief review of the literature on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of COVID-19-associated ITP is presented. Three clinical observations of this pathology are given.Results. In two situations, thrombocytopenia developed after severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia. In one case, ITP was diagnosed after a viral infection; PCR test for COVID19 was negative. A young patient without comorbidities with severe thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic syndrome was treated with glucocorticoids and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs). After achieving remission, glucocorticoids were first discontinued, and then TPO-RAs. In elderly patients with a serious comorbid pathology, glucocorticoids were prescribed for a short time, and remission was achieved with TPO-RAs.Conclusion. The choice of therapy for ITP that developed during the COVID-19 pandemic depends on the clinical situation, the presence or absence of COVID-19 infection, the patient’s somatic status, and the presence of comorbid pathology. TPO-RAs play an important role in the treatment of ITP, including those associated with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":9598,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87044921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-138-152
The word sarcoidosis comes from the Greek word “sarcoid”, meaning “having flesh or tissue”, and the Greek suffix “-osis”, meaning “condition”, referring to skin lesions on various parts of the body. Over the course of history, sarcoidosis has been consistently dealt with by physicians of various specialties. The palm of victory belongs to dermatologists, and further for quite a long period of time, phthisiatricians dealt with this problem, then pulmonologists, and, more recently, doctors of many other specialties. The term “Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease” was officially approved at the congress of dermatologists in Strasbourg in 1934. This name of the disease has been preserved to the present for a little less than 90 years. However, it should be noted that in recent years their names in the headlines and texts of articles are mentioned much less frequently. To our knowledge in the PubMed information registry, only one paper was published in 2022 on various clinical and experimental studies of sarcoidosis, which mentions the name of the disease as “BesnierBoeck-Schaumann disease”. For illustration, several presentations of own clinical and radiological observations are given, identical in their pathogenetic parameters, noticed and described for the first time by Besnier, Boeck, Schaumann and Löfgren. These presentations are formed using modern diagnostic technologies, which significantly expand the visualization possibilities of sarcoidosis variants and fully reveal the fullness of the symptom complexes that were noticed and described by the path-breakers of sarcoidosis.
{"title":"Some aspects from the history of studying sarcoidosis","authors":"","doi":"10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-138-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-138-152","url":null,"abstract":"The word sarcoidosis comes from the Greek word “sarcoid”, meaning “having flesh or tissue”, and the Greek suffix “-osis”, meaning “condition”, referring to skin lesions on various parts of the body. Over the course of history, sarcoidosis has been consistently dealt with by physicians of various specialties. The palm of victory belongs to dermatologists, and further for quite a long period of time, phthisiatricians dealt with this problem, then pulmonologists, and, more recently, doctors of many other specialties. The term “Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease” was officially approved at the congress of dermatologists in Strasbourg in 1934. This name of the disease has been preserved to the present for a little less than 90 years. However, it should be noted that in recent years their names in the headlines and texts of articles are mentioned much less frequently. To our knowledge in the PubMed information registry, only one paper was published in 2022 on various clinical and experimental studies of sarcoidosis, which mentions the name of the disease as “BesnierBoeck-Schaumann disease”. For illustration, several presentations of own clinical and radiological observations are given, identical in their pathogenetic parameters, noticed and described for the first time by Besnier, Boeck, Schaumann and Löfgren. These presentations are formed using modern diagnostic technologies, which significantly expand the visualization possibilities of sarcoidosis variants and fully reveal the fullness of the symptom complexes that were noticed and described by the path-breakers of sarcoidosis.","PeriodicalId":9598,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81685577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-18-28
O. Savushkina, P. Astanin, E. Kryukov, A. A. Zaicev
Introduction. Hospital discharge after COVID-19 does not mean a complete recovery.Aim. To predict lung gas-exchange impairment in patients after COVID-19-associated pneumonia.Materials and methods. An observational retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. 316 patients (78% men) with long-term COVID-19 and postCOVID computed tomography (CT) changes, without lung diseases in history were enrolled. Spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusion test were performed.Results. In whole group the medians of ventilation parameters were within the normal ranges. However, 78 (25%) patients had a restrictive type of ventilation disorders, 23 (7%) had airway obstruction, and 174 (55%) had a decrease in diffusion capacity of the lungs (DLCO). The general group was divided into two subgroups depending on the DLCO value: subgroup 1 – DLCO is within the normal range and subgroup 2 – DLCO is reduced. The DLCO analysis between the subgroups showed statistically significant differences in duration from the COVID19 onset (lower in subgroup 2) and in the computer tomography abnormalities in the acute period of COVID-19 (CTmax) (more in subgroup 2) whereas there were no differences in gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Analyzing the odds ratio showed that the chance of a decrease in DLCO after COVID-19 increased 6.5 times with CTmax of more than 45%, 4 times with a duration from the COVID-19 onset less than 225 days, 1.9 times if the age is younger than 63 years while male gender and BMI did not have an impact on DLCO in the post-COVID period. The logistic regression model with identified predictors demonstrated the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 81%, 82%, 80%, respectively.Conclusion. According to our model CTmax of more than 45%, the duration from the COVID-19 onset less than 225 days, age younger than 63 years are important predictors for reducing DLCO after COVID-19.
{"title":"Prediction of pulmonary gas exchange disorders in patients with long-term COVID-19 using machine learning methods","authors":"O. Savushkina, P. Astanin, E. Kryukov, A. A. Zaicev","doi":"10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-18-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-18-28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Hospital discharge after COVID-19 does not mean a complete recovery.Aim. To predict lung gas-exchange impairment in patients after COVID-19-associated pneumonia.Materials and methods. An observational retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. 316 patients (78% men) with long-term COVID-19 and postCOVID computed tomography (CT) changes, without lung diseases in history were enrolled. Spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusion test were performed.Results. In whole group the medians of ventilation parameters were within the normal ranges. However, 78 (25%) patients had a restrictive type of ventilation disorders, 23 (7%) had airway obstruction, and 174 (55%) had a decrease in diffusion capacity of the lungs (DLCO). The general group was divided into two subgroups depending on the DLCO value: subgroup 1 – DLCO is within the normal range and subgroup 2 – DLCO is reduced. The DLCO analysis between the subgroups showed statistically significant differences in duration from the COVID19 onset (lower in subgroup 2) and in the computer tomography abnormalities in the acute period of COVID-19 (CTmax) (more in subgroup 2) whereas there were no differences in gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Analyzing the odds ratio showed that the chance of a decrease in DLCO after COVID-19 increased 6.5 times with CTmax of more than 45%, 4 times with a duration from the COVID-19 onset less than 225 days, 1.9 times if the age is younger than 63 years while male gender and BMI did not have an impact on DLCO in the post-COVID period. The logistic regression model with identified predictors demonstrated the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 81%, 82%, 80%, respectively.Conclusion. According to our model CTmax of more than 45%, the duration from the COVID-19 onset less than 225 days, age younger than 63 years are important predictors for reducing DLCO after COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":9598,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89910727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-42-51
A. Pirogov, A. Prikhodko
Introduction. The involvement of macrophages in the realization of oxidative / halogenating stress andthe role of macrophage populations in maintaining the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with asthma with osmotic types of bronchial hyperresponsiveness has not been sufficiently studied.Aim. To study the role of macrophages, myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-12, IL-13 in the formation of the bronchial response to the hyperosmolar trigger in patients with asthma.Materials and methods. The object of the study was asthma patients (n=35). The level of asthma control (Asthma Control Test, points), cellular composition (%) and MPO (pixel) of induced sputum (IS), bronchial response (ΔFEV1IHS, %) after 3-minute ultrasonic inhalation of hypertonic (4.5% NaCl) solution (IHS) were assessed. Before and after the IHS test, exhaled air condensate was collected, in which the concentration of IL-12, IL-12 (pg/mL) was determined.Results. Patients with asthma did not control the disease, ACT was 14 (11; 16.5) points. Group 1 (n=15) included individuals with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to the IHS, group 2 (n=20) included patients with lack of it (ΔFEV1IHS -19.8±1.9 and 1.43±0.72%, respectively, p<0.001). Baseline FEV1 in groups 1 and 2 was 89.5±2.8 and 93.7±2.3%, respectively (p>0.05). The percentage of sputum macrophages in group 1 was lower (40 [15.95; 50.75]%), and the average cytochemical coefficient in phagocytes was higher (141.4±9.7) than in group 2 (50 [42.5; 63.6]; p=0.039 and 98.8±12.3; p=0.013, respectively). IL-12 expression was to be more significant than IL-13 expression in the initiation of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness to hyperosmolar stimulus.Conclusion. The lower concentration of macrophages in the bronchi of asthma patients with airway hyperresponsiveness to hyperosmolar stimulus is most likely due to an increase in the secretory function of cells. A high level of MPO activity in these patients depended on the peroxidase function of secreting macrophages, was associated with M1 polarization of macrophages, and indicated a Th1 immune response associated with the participation of IL-12 in the regulation of airway hyperresponsiveness to a hypertonic trigger.
{"title":"The role of macrophages, myeloperoxidase, interleukins IL-12, IL-13 in the formation of bronchial response to hyperosmolar stimulus in patients with bronchial asthma","authors":"A. Pirogov, A. Prikhodko","doi":"10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-42-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-42-51","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The involvement of macrophages in the realization of oxidative / halogenating stress andthe role of macrophage populations in maintaining the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with asthma with osmotic types of bronchial hyperresponsiveness has not been sufficiently studied.Aim. To study the role of macrophages, myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-12, IL-13 in the formation of the bronchial response to the hyperosmolar trigger in patients with asthma.Materials and methods. The object of the study was asthma patients (n=35). The level of asthma control (Asthma Control Test, points), cellular composition (%) and MPO (pixel) of induced sputum (IS), bronchial response (ΔFEV1IHS, %) after 3-minute ultrasonic inhalation of hypertonic (4.5% NaCl) solution (IHS) were assessed. Before and after the IHS test, exhaled air condensate was collected, in which the concentration of IL-12, IL-12 (pg/mL) was determined.Results. Patients with asthma did not control the disease, ACT was 14 (11; 16.5) points. Group 1 (n=15) included individuals with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to the IHS, group 2 (n=20) included patients with lack of it (ΔFEV1IHS -19.8±1.9 and 1.43±0.72%, respectively, p<0.001). Baseline FEV1 in groups 1 and 2 was 89.5±2.8 and 93.7±2.3%, respectively (p>0.05). The percentage of sputum macrophages in group 1 was lower (40 [15.95; 50.75]%), and the average cytochemical coefficient in phagocytes was higher (141.4±9.7) than in group 2 (50 [42.5; 63.6]; p=0.039 and 98.8±12.3; p=0.013, respectively). IL-12 expression was to be more significant than IL-13 expression in the initiation of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness to hyperosmolar stimulus.Conclusion. The lower concentration of macrophages in the bronchi of asthma patients with airway hyperresponsiveness to hyperosmolar stimulus is most likely due to an increase in the secretory function of cells. A high level of MPO activity in these patients depended on the peroxidase function of secreting macrophages, was associated with M1 polarization of macrophages, and indicated a Th1 immune response associated with the participation of IL-12 in the regulation of airway hyperresponsiveness to a hypertonic trigger.","PeriodicalId":9598,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86446149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-29-34
E. Kulik, V. Pavlenko, S. Naryshkina, A. Bakina
Aim. To analyze indicators of the vascular endothelium function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) depending on the COVID-19 history.Materials and methods. 98 patients with stable COPD who had COVID-19, regardless of the severity of the infection, were examined 4-8 weeks after discharge from the infectious disease hospital (Group 1). The comparison group included 50 patients with stable COPD without a history of COVID-19 (Group 2). To assess the vascular endothelium function, in all patients the following were determined: endothelin-1 (ET-1, fmol/L), total homocysteine (Hcy, µmol/L), antigen to von Willebrand factor (vWF, fmol/L), C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L). The following parameters of arterial stiffness (AS) were recorded using sphygmomanometry (Vasera-1000, Japan): pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/s), right/left cardio-ankle vascular index (R/L-CAVI, units), augmentation index on the right shoulder (R-AI, units), augmentation index on the common carotid artery (C-AI, units).Results. The concentration of biomarkers Hcy, ET-1, vWF in the 1st group was significantly higher than in the 2nd group (p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.05, respectively). The studied parameters of AS in patients with COPD were significantly higher than the reference values, regardless of the presence of a COVID-19 history. In patients of the 1st group, the indices R-AI and CAI (p<0.05) were significantly higher than in patients of the 2nd group. Correlation analysis showed relationships between R-CAVI and CRP (r=0.513, p<0.001) and CRP and ET-1 (r=0.485, p<0.01).Conclusion. In patients with COPD, the past COVID-19 leads to more significant shifts in the functional activity of the vascular endothelium than in isolated COPD of a stable course and is associated with active systemic inflammation.
{"title":"The indicators of vascular endothelium function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after COVID-19","authors":"E. Kulik, V. Pavlenko, S. Naryshkina, A. Bakina","doi":"10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-29-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-29-34","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To analyze indicators of the vascular endothelium function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) depending on the COVID-19 history.Materials and methods. 98 patients with stable COPD who had COVID-19, regardless of the severity of the infection, were examined 4-8 weeks after discharge from the infectious disease hospital (Group 1). The comparison group included 50 patients with stable COPD without a history of COVID-19 (Group 2). To assess the vascular endothelium function, in all patients the following were determined: endothelin-1 (ET-1, fmol/L), total homocysteine (Hcy, µmol/L), antigen to von Willebrand factor (vWF, fmol/L), C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L). The following parameters of arterial stiffness (AS) were recorded using sphygmomanometry (Vasera-1000, Japan): pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/s), right/left cardio-ankle vascular index (R/L-CAVI, units), augmentation index on the right shoulder (R-AI, units), augmentation index on the common carotid artery (C-AI, units).Results. The concentration of biomarkers Hcy, ET-1, vWF in the 1st group was significantly higher than in the 2nd group (p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.05, respectively). The studied parameters of AS in patients with COPD were significantly higher than the reference values, regardless of the presence of a COVID-19 history. In patients of the 1st group, the indices R-AI and CAI (p<0.05) were significantly higher than in patients of the 2nd group. Correlation analysis showed relationships between R-CAVI and CRP (r=0.513, p<0.001) and CRP and ET-1 (r=0.485, p<0.01).Conclusion. In patients with COPD, the past COVID-19 leads to more significant shifts in the functional activity of the vascular endothelium than in isolated COPD of a stable course and is associated with active systemic inflammation.","PeriodicalId":9598,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89214657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-71-82
E. Zasimova
Aim. To assess correlations of adaptive potential (AP) with metabolic factors in workers of the Yakutia river fleet before and after the voyage in order to assess the impact of a long voyage.Materials and methods. Before a long voyage in 45 men, a questionnaire was conducted, measurement of height, body weight, heart rate, blood pressure, determination of body mass index and AP. The correlation of AP (according to R.M.Baevsky) with biochemical (aspartate transaminase, alanin transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides) and hormonal (TSH, free T3, free T4, testosterone, cortisol) indicators was evaluated, and also with blood plasma metabolites (62 metabolites) determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry before after a long voyage.Results. Distribution by AP level of rivermen – 37.8% have satisfactory adaptive potential, 24.4% have functional stress of adaptive mechanisms, 20.0% have unsatisfactory adaptation and 17.8% have a sharp decrease in the functional capabilities of the circulatory system with the phenomenon of disruption of adaptive mechanisms. The revealed correlations of AP have associations with age, overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Correlations were found with creatinine, testosterone, palmitic acid before the long voyage, and with creatine kinase, glucose, urea, testosterone, gluconic and threonic acids after the voyage. After a long voyage, the number of correlations of AP with metabolic parameters increases.Conclusion. In workers of the Yakutia river fleet the revealed results of metabolic changes indicate an aggravation of disadaptive changes in the conditions of a long voyage. Taking into account the identified features, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures to reduce the severity of disadaptive metabolic changes during a long voyage and rehabilitation actions after the voyage.
{"title":"Correlations of adaptive potential with metabolic factors in workers of the Yakutia river fleet","authors":"E. Zasimova","doi":"10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-71-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-71-82","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess correlations of adaptive potential (AP) with metabolic factors in workers of the Yakutia river fleet before and after the voyage in order to assess the impact of a long voyage.Materials and methods. Before a long voyage in 45 men, a questionnaire was conducted, measurement of height, body weight, heart rate, blood pressure, determination of body mass index and AP. The correlation of AP (according to R.M.Baevsky) with biochemical (aspartate transaminase, alanin transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides) and hormonal (TSH, free T3, free T4, testosterone, cortisol) indicators was evaluated, and also with blood plasma metabolites (62 metabolites) determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry before after a long voyage.Results. Distribution by AP level of rivermen – 37.8% have satisfactory adaptive potential, 24.4% have functional stress of adaptive mechanisms, 20.0% have unsatisfactory adaptation and 17.8% have a sharp decrease in the functional capabilities of the circulatory system with the phenomenon of disruption of adaptive mechanisms. The revealed correlations of AP have associations with age, overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Correlations were found with creatinine, testosterone, palmitic acid before the long voyage, and with creatine kinase, glucose, urea, testosterone, gluconic and threonic acids after the voyage. After a long voyage, the number of correlations of AP with metabolic parameters increases.Conclusion. In workers of the Yakutia river fleet the revealed results of metabolic changes indicate an aggravation of disadaptive changes in the conditions of a long voyage. Taking into account the identified features, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures to reduce the severity of disadaptive metabolic changes during a long voyage and rehabilitation actions after the voyage.","PeriodicalId":9598,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75803517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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