Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/0008125619862802001
Robert S. Kaplan
{"title":"Accounting Lag: The Obsolescence of Cost Accounting Systems","authors":"Robert S. Kaplan","doi":"10.1177/0008125619862802001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619862802001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1177/00081256241259188
Andreas Kaplan, Michael Haenlein
Since their beginnings, virtual worlds have experienced two major media hypes in their short lifetime—the first in 2003 after the launch of Second Life and the second in 2021, with Mark Zuckerberg announcing his strategy for the Metaverse. Most academic research on virtual worlds emerged between these two peaks of interest. This article delves into the enduring relevance of such research, contrasting the two hype cycles. It analyzes the reasons behind current caution expressed by companies and offers insights into the future trajectory of the Metaverse and which crucial developments are needed for sustained traction in virtual worlds.
{"title":"To Be or Not to Be: Will Virtual Worlds and the Metaverse Gain Lasting Traction?","authors":"Andreas Kaplan, Michael Haenlein","doi":"10.1177/00081256241259188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241259188","url":null,"abstract":"Since their beginnings, virtual worlds have experienced two major media hypes in their short lifetime—the first in 2003 after the launch of Second Life and the second in 2021, with Mark Zuckerberg announcing his strategy for the Metaverse. Most academic research on virtual worlds emerged between these two peaks of interest. This article delves into the enduring relevance of such research, contrasting the two hype cycles. It analyzes the reasons behind current caution expressed by companies and offers insights into the future trajectory of the Metaverse and which crucial developments are needed for sustained traction in virtual worlds.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141755399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00081256241256997
Mario Benassi, Riccardo Rialti
Legacy companies are firms that rely on stable business models, established internal processes, and familiar technologies. Existing research acknowledges that legacy companies need to explore new technologies, but scholars largely neglect to analyze how this process unfolds. This knowledge gap is particularly relevant when disruptive technological paradigms are about to modify the business arena, as in the case of the metaverse. This article presents an inductive qualitative approach to understanding why and how legacy companies explore the metaverse. The metaverse exploration process is purpose-driven and largely incremental. Capabilities co-specialization facilitates the use of complementary resources for new purposes, subsequently determining the path toward different strategic fit configurations.
{"title":"Exploring the Metaverse from a Legacy Company Perspective: A Capabilities-Based View","authors":"Mario Benassi, Riccardo Rialti","doi":"10.1177/00081256241256997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241256997","url":null,"abstract":"Legacy companies are firms that rely on stable business models, established internal processes, and familiar technologies. Existing research acknowledges that legacy companies need to explore new technologies, but scholars largely neglect to analyze how this process unfolds. This knowledge gap is particularly relevant when disruptive technological paradigms are about to modify the business arena, as in the case of the metaverse. This article presents an inductive qualitative approach to understanding why and how legacy companies explore the metaverse. The metaverse exploration process is purpose-driven and largely incremental. Capabilities co-specialization facilitates the use of complementary resources for new purposes, subsequently determining the path toward different strategic fit configurations.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1177/00081256241252700
Paavo Ritala, Mika Ruokonen, Angelos Kostis
This study presents a metaverse flywheel model providing insights into how the emerging layered modular architecture of the metaverse can enable new types of value-creation opportunities for organizations. Based on interviews with early metaverse adopters and innovators, this article identifies three key metaverse affordances: prospection of future conditions, persistence of editable and evolving virtual spaces, and integration between virtual and physical worlds. The findings enhance the nascent metaverse literature by highlighting that new organizing logics are required for metaverse-specific value creation, which goes beyond the previous generation’s isolated 3D models and other interfaces.
{"title":"The Metaverse Flywheel: Creating Value across Physical and Virtual Worlds","authors":"Paavo Ritala, Mika Ruokonen, Angelos Kostis","doi":"10.1177/00081256241252700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241252700","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a metaverse flywheel model providing insights into how the emerging layered modular architecture of the metaverse can enable new types of value-creation opportunities for organizations. Based on interviews with early metaverse adopters and innovators, this article identifies three key metaverse affordances: prospection of future conditions, persistence of editable and evolving virtual spaces, and integration between virtual and physical worlds. The findings enhance the nascent metaverse literature by highlighting that new organizing logics are required for metaverse-specific value creation, which goes beyond the previous generation’s isolated 3D models and other interfaces.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.1177/00081256241246123
Fabian Tingelhoff, Sebastian Klug, Edona Elshan
The metaverse, although yet to be fully realized, offers a compelling vision: a scalable and interoperable ecosystem of virtual worlds that can be simultaneously accessed by multiple users using continuous, user-generated, and embodied identities (i.e., avatars). Since the metaverse will likely achieve widespread user adoption once innovators and early adopters recognize its values, it must evolve in a direction that appeals to these groups. However, it remains unsure what aspects of the metaverse innovators perceive as opportunities and challenges when engaging with early adopters. This article describes the opinions of users who influence the metaverse’s mass adoption, clarifying their perception of what already works well, holds high potential, and presents challenges. By synthesizing and critically evaluating this information, the article offers guidance for the future development and use of the metaverse and provides insights concerning its diffusion in society.
{"title":"The Diffusion of the Metaverse: How YouTube Influencers Shape Mass Adoption","authors":"Fabian Tingelhoff, Sebastian Klug, Edona Elshan","doi":"10.1177/00081256241246123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241246123","url":null,"abstract":"The metaverse, although yet to be fully realized, offers a compelling vision: a scalable and interoperable ecosystem of virtual worlds that can be simultaneously accessed by multiple users using continuous, user-generated, and embodied identities (i.e., avatars). Since the metaverse will likely achieve widespread user adoption once innovators and early adopters recognize its values, it must evolve in a direction that appeals to these groups. However, it remains unsure what aspects of the metaverse innovators perceive as opportunities and challenges when engaging with early adopters. This article describes the opinions of users who influence the metaverse’s mass adoption, clarifying their perception of what already works well, holds high potential, and presents challenges. By synthesizing and critically evaluating this information, the article offers guidance for the future development and use of the metaverse and provides insights concerning its diffusion in society.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1177/00081256241247067
David R. Clough, Andy Wu
Metaverse architects face challenges akin to urban planners developing a new city: multiple stakeholders must coordinate on technical standards for interoperability and establish social consensus around specific choices. The article presents an analogy between the metaverse and the Las Vegas Strip in the unincorporated town of Paradise, NV, which arose in the mid-twentieth century as a focal destination for immersive entertainment delivered by eclectic interconnected resorts. It integrates this case study of the Las Vegas Strip with theories of technology management to derive practical insights for building the metaverse: focusing social momentum around a new destination and governing cooperation among de facto competitors.
{"title":"Metaverse Management as Urban Planning: Lessons from Paradise (Nevada)","authors":"David R. Clough, Andy Wu","doi":"10.1177/00081256241247067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241247067","url":null,"abstract":"Metaverse architects face challenges akin to urban planners developing a new city: multiple stakeholders must coordinate on technical standards for interoperability and establish social consensus around specific choices. The article presents an analogy between the metaverse and the Las Vegas Strip in the unincorporated town of Paradise, NV, which arose in the mid-twentieth century as a focal destination for immersive entertainment delivered by eclectic interconnected resorts. It integrates this case study of the Las Vegas Strip with theories of technology management to derive practical insights for building the metaverse: focusing social momentum around a new destination and governing cooperation among de facto competitors.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1177/00081256241242166
Jasper Heeren, Vareska van de Vrande, Henk Volberda, Erik de Waard
This article explores the effects of open innovation on innovation performance in military bureaucracies. While the understanding of how bureaucratic organizations can benefit from open innovation is still limited, this study discovered that open innovation can have a negative effect on innovation performance. However, leveraging an innovative culture can lead to improved innovation performance in organizations characterized by high levels of structure and hierarchy, especially those where secrecy and security are of vital importance.
{"title":"Closing the Innovation Performance Gap: Open Innovation in Military Bureaucracies","authors":"Jasper Heeren, Vareska van de Vrande, Henk Volberda, Erik de Waard","doi":"10.1177/00081256241242166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241242166","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the effects of open innovation on innovation performance in military bureaucracies. While the understanding of how bureaucratic organizations can benefit from open innovation is still limited, this study discovered that open innovation can have a negative effect on innovation performance. However, leveraging an innovative culture can lead to improved innovation performance in organizations characterized by high levels of structure and hierarchy, especially those where secrecy and security are of vital importance.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"292 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1177/00081256241238453
Joakim Björkdahl, Marcus Holgersson, David Teece
Digital platforms are often characterized as enablers of new ecosystems. However, platforms are sometimes introduced into pre-existing ecosystems, where a platform’s ability to harmonize with the ecosystem is critical for its success. This article draws on the case of digital healthcare platforms and introduces the concept of platform grafting, which denotes the process of integrating a new platform into a pre-existing ecosystem, leading to a coevolutionary process of adapting both the platform and the surrounding ecosystem. Dynamic capabilities are critical for successfully integrating the platform into the ecosystem, and this article provides a capabilities framework for understanding platform grafting.
{"title":"Digital Platform Grafting: Strategies for Entering Established Ecosystems","authors":"Joakim Björkdahl, Marcus Holgersson, David Teece","doi":"10.1177/00081256241238453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241238453","url":null,"abstract":"Digital platforms are often characterized as enablers of new ecosystems. However, platforms are sometimes introduced into pre-existing ecosystems, where a platform’s ability to harmonize with the ecosystem is critical for its success. This article draws on the case of digital healthcare platforms and introduces the concept of platform grafting, which denotes the process of integrating a new platform into a pre-existing ecosystem, leading to a coevolutionary process of adapting both the platform and the surrounding ecosystem. Dynamic capabilities are critical for successfully integrating the platform into the ecosystem, and this article provides a capabilities framework for understanding platform grafting.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1177/00081256241234709
Robert Strand
This article explores Nordic countries’ and companies’ sustainability practices. It explores how nations like Denmark, Finland, and Sweden and companies such as Novo Nordisk and Ørsted achieve top sustainability rankings through their distinctive approach to stakeholder cooperation. It discusses the historical and cultural context that has shaped the Nordic approach, emphasizing the importance of long-term vision, stakeholder engagement, and cooperative strategies. It provides insights into how these practices contribute to achieving sustainable development goals and offers valuable lessons for global businesses seeking to integrate sustainable practices into their operations.
{"title":"Global Sustainability Frontrunners: Lessons from the Nordics","authors":"Robert Strand","doi":"10.1177/00081256241234709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241234709","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores Nordic countries’ and companies’ sustainability practices. It explores how nations like Denmark, Finland, and Sweden and companies such as Novo Nordisk and Ørsted achieve top sustainability rankings through their distinctive approach to stakeholder cooperation. It discusses the historical and cultural context that has shaped the Nordic approach, emphasizing the importance of long-term vision, stakeholder engagement, and cooperative strategies. It provides insights into how these practices contribute to achieving sustainable development goals and offers valuable lessons for global businesses seeking to integrate sustainable practices into their operations.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1177/00081256241238054
Thomas C. Lawton, Duncan N. Angwin, Brice Dattée, Jean-Luc Arrègle, Paolo Barbieri
Managing acquired subsidiaries can be daunting. Parent and affiliate executives strive to co-create value, but fixed mindsets around subsidiary autonomy can result in diverging interests and outcomes. Through a longitudinal study of Audi’s post-acquisition integration of supercar manufacturer Lamborghini, this article provides guidance on how to manage the level of acquired subsidiary autonomy as a strategic dial that can be dynamically adjusted over time for mutual benefit. This dynamic approach to autonomy rests on three specific managerial levers—appraisal respect, organizational identity, and resource orchestration. These can enable the renewal of competitive capabilities and sustain post-acquisition success.
{"title":"Autonomy as a Strategic Dial: A Dynamic Framework for Managing Acquired Subsidiaries","authors":"Thomas C. Lawton, Duncan N. Angwin, Brice Dattée, Jean-Luc Arrègle, Paolo Barbieri","doi":"10.1177/00081256241238054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256241238054","url":null,"abstract":"Managing acquired subsidiaries can be daunting. Parent and affiliate executives strive to co-create value, but fixed mindsets around subsidiary autonomy can result in diverging interests and outcomes. Through a longitudinal study of Audi’s post-acquisition integration of supercar manufacturer Lamborghini, this article provides guidance on how to manage the level of acquired subsidiary autonomy as a strategic dial that can be dynamically adjusted over time for mutual benefit. This dynamic approach to autonomy rests on three specific managerial levers—appraisal respect, organizational identity, and resource orchestration. These can enable the renewal of competitive capabilities and sustain post-acquisition success.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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