Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.370366
A. Çetin, M. Türemiş, İ. Keski̇n, M. Kati, B. Taştekin, M. A. Çipiloğlu, R. Kibar
The calculation of the kinetic parameters of a thermoluminescence material (kinetic order (b), activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s)) by using the thermoluminescence (TL) method is extremely important in determining the kinetic characterization of the materials. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is an inorganic salt. It is a crystal well known for its luminescent properties, with a simple cubic structure and its band gap is rather large (~ 8.5 eV). In this work, it was reported the TL response of the material in the range of 50– 400 o C and calculated kinetic parameters of sea salt. Two glow peaks were observed at 100 o C and 235 o C in the TL glow curve of sea salt with a heating rate 2 o C/s after X-ray irradiation. The T m -T stop method was used to determine the overlapping peaks under the main peak at 100 o C. With the computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) method, the peak analysis was performed. In addition, kinetic parameters were calculated using various heating rates and peak shape. The b = 1.5, E = 0.88 eV and s = 1.7x10 11 s -1 values were calculated using the peak shape method.
用热释光(TL)方法计算热释光材料的动力学参数(动力学阶数(b)、活化能(E)和频率因子(s))对于确定材料的动力学特性是非常重要的。氯化钠(NaCl)是无机盐。它是一种以其发光特性而闻名的晶体，具有简单的立方结构和相当大的带隙(~ 8.5 eV)。本文报道了材料在50 ~ 400℃范围内的TL响应，并计算了海盐的动力学参数。x射线辐照后，海盐的TL发光曲线在升温速率为2℃/s的条件下，在100℃和235℃处观察到两个发光峰。采用T - m -T停止法确定100℃时主峰下的重叠峰，采用计算机辉光曲线反褶积(CGCD)方法进行峰分析。此外，利用不同的升温速率和峰形计算了动力学参数。采用峰形法计算b = 1.5, E = 0.88 eV和s = 1.7x10 11 s -1值。
{"title":"The Investigation of Kinetic Characterization of Sea Salt via Thermoluminescence Method","authors":"A. Çetin, M. Türemiş, İ. Keski̇n, M. Kati, B. Taştekin, M. A. Çipiloğlu, R. Kibar","doi":"10.18466/cbayarfbe.370366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.370366","url":null,"abstract":"The calculation of the kinetic parameters of a thermoluminescence material (kinetic order (b), activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s)) by using the thermoluminescence (TL) method is extremely important in determining the kinetic characterization of the materials. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is an inorganic salt. It is a crystal well known for its luminescent properties, with a simple cubic structure and its band gap is rather large (~ 8.5 eV). In this work, it was reported the TL response of the material in the range of 50– 400 o C and calculated kinetic parameters of sea salt. Two glow peaks were observed at 100 o C and 235 o C in the TL glow curve of sea salt with a heating rate 2 o C/s after X-ray irradiation. The T m -T stop method was used to determine the overlapping peaks under the main peak at 100 o C. With the computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) method, the peak analysis was performed. In addition, kinetic parameters were calculated using various heating rates and peak shape. The b = 1.5, E = 0.88 eV and s = 1.7x10 11 s -1 values were calculated using the peak shape method.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"375 1","pages":"845-849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77536154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370362
Necla Togun, S. Bağdatlı
This paper presents the implementation of non-classical continuum theory for simply supported nanobeam. Hamilton’s principle and modified couple stress methods are employed for obtaining differential equation of motion of nanobeam in cooperation with suitable boundary conditions. An approximate solution of the presented system is developed considering the method of multiple scales which is one of the perturbation techniques. T he effect of material length scale parameter ζ and the Poisson’s ratio υ on the natural frequencies are determined and represented in table form and graphically. Besides, dimensionless natural of frequency of nanobeam are investigated by taking into account various system parameters. The results of the system show that the size influence is very crucial for extremely thin beams with a height of nanoscale dimension. Besides, the outcome of the system shows that the beam modeled considering non-classical continuum theory is stiffer than those of classical one.
{"title":"Investigation of the Size Effect in Euler-Bernoulli Nanobeam Using the Modified Couple Stress Theory","authors":"Necla Togun, S. Bağdatlı","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370362","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the implementation of non-classical continuum theory for simply supported nanobeam. Hamilton’s principle and modified couple stress methods are employed for obtaining differential equation of motion of nanobeam in cooperation with suitable boundary conditions. An approximate solution of the presented system is developed considering the method of multiple scales which is one of the perturbation techniques. T he effect of material length scale parameter ζ and the Poisson’s ratio υ on the natural frequencies are determined and represented in table form and graphically. Besides, dimensionless natural of frequency of nanobeam are investigated by taking into account various system parameters. The results of the system show that the size influence is very crucial for extremely thin beams with a height of nanoscale dimension. Besides, the outcome of the system shows that the beam modeled considering non-classical continuum theory is stiffer than those of classical one.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"215 1","pages":"893-899"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89202064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370359
Cengiz Çorbacı, E. Uyar, H. T. Yalcin
Constituting the most important group of microorganisms that offered to human consumption through food, yeasts are a substantial part of microflora in dairy products. Due to sophisticated enzyme production especially high proteolytic and lipolytic activities, some of the yeast species play an essential role in many processes such as fermentation, ripening, production of aroma precursors and deterioration in dairy product indicating these products as a source of extracellular enzyme producer yeast strains. In this study, butter samples were collected from delicatessens and grocery stores in different locations in Izmir province in order to isolate enzyme producers. A total of 40 yeast strains were isolated and investigated for their lipase, protease and amylase activities on solid medium consisting of tributyrin, skim milk and starch, respectively. Sixteen yeast isolates were found to be positive for enzyme production. Lipase and protease activities were observed in 11 yeast strains (68,75%), while only one yeast strain (6,25%) was found to be positive for protease and amylase production. 4 of yeast strains (25%) were able to produce only lipase enzyme. Molecular characterization of the yeast strains based on 26S rRNA region D1/D2 domains revealed that the isolates belonged to Candida zeylanoides (62,5%) and Pichia fermentas (37,5%) species.
{"title":"Determination of Enzyme Profiles and Molecular Characterization of Yeast Species Isolated from Butter Samples","authors":"Cengiz Çorbacı, E. Uyar, H. T. Yalcin","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370359","url":null,"abstract":"Constituting the most important group of microorganisms that offered to human consumption through food, yeasts are a substantial part of microflora in dairy products. Due to sophisticated enzyme production especially high proteolytic and lipolytic activities, some of the yeast species play an essential role in many processes such as fermentation, ripening, production of aroma precursors and deterioration in dairy product indicating these products as a source of extracellular enzyme producer yeast strains. In this study, butter samples were collected from delicatessens and grocery stores in different locations in Izmir province in order to isolate enzyme producers. A total of 40 yeast strains were isolated and investigated for their lipase, protease and amylase activities on solid medium consisting of tributyrin, skim milk and starch, respectively. Sixteen yeast isolates were found to be positive for enzyme production. Lipase and protease activities were observed in 11 yeast strains (68,75%), while only one yeast strain (6,25%) was found to be positive for protease and amylase production. 4 of yeast strains (25%) were able to produce only lipase enzyme. Molecular characterization of the yeast strains based on 26S rRNA region D1/D2 domains revealed that the isolates belonged to Candida zeylanoides (62,5%) and Pichia fermentas (37,5%) species.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"60 1","pages":"833-837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82316386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.330995
Fatih Yücalar, Emin Borandag
Early detection and correction of errors appearing in software projects reduces the risk of exceeding the estimated time and cost. An efficient and effective test plan should be implemented to detect potential errors as early as possible. In the earlier phases, codes can be analyzed by efficiently employing software metric and insight can be gained about error susceptibility and measures can be taken if necessary. It is possible to classify software metric according to the time of collecting data, information used in the measurement, type and interval of the data generated. Considering software metric depending on the type and interval of the data generated, object-oriented software metric is widely used in the literature. There are three main metric sets used for software projects that are developed as object-oriented. These are Chidamber & Kemerer, MOOD and QMOOD metric sets. In this study, an approach for identifying the classes that should primarily be tested has been developed by using the object-oriented software metric. Then, this approach is applied for selected versions of the project developed. According to the results obtained, the correct determination rate of sum of the metrics method, which was developed to identify the classes that should primarily be tested, is ranged between 55% and 68%. In the random selection method, which was used to make comparisons, the correct determination rate for identifying the classes that should primarily be tested is ranged between 9.23% and 11.05%. In the results obtained using sum of the metrics method, a significant rate of improvement is observed compared to the random selection method.
{"title":"Determining the Tested Classes with Software Metrics","authors":"Fatih Yücalar, Emin Borandag","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.330995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.330995","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection and correction of errors appearing in software projects reduces the risk of exceeding the estimated time and cost. An efficient and effective test plan should be implemented to detect potential errors as early as possible. In the earlier phases, codes can be analyzed by efficiently employing software metric and insight can be gained about error susceptibility and measures can be taken if necessary. It is possible to classify software metric according to the time of collecting data, information used in the measurement, type and interval of the data generated. Considering software metric depending on the type and interval of the data generated, object-oriented software metric is widely used in the literature. There are three main metric sets used for software projects that are developed as object-oriented. These are Chidamber & Kemerer, MOOD and QMOOD metric sets. In this study, an approach for identifying the classes that should primarily be tested has been developed by using the object-oriented software metric. Then, this approach is applied for selected versions of the project developed. According to the results obtained, the correct determination rate of sum of the metrics method, which was developed to identify the classes that should primarily be tested, is ranged between 55% and 68%. In the random selection method, which was used to make comparisons, the correct determination rate for identifying the classes that should primarily be tested is ranged between 9.23% and 11.05%. In the results obtained using sum of the metrics method, a significant rate of improvement is observed compared to the random selection method.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"6 1","pages":"863-871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79790349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370368
B. Ergönül
Chemical and instrumental textural attributes of chicken breast meat cooked by using different techniques were evaluated in this research. Blanching, cooking in convection oven and microwave cooking methods were used. It was determined that there were significant differences among Hunter a* and b* color values of the samples (P 0.05). As determined by using TA-XT texture analyzer, hardness and gumminess values of the samples were significantly different from each other (P 0.05). As results of chemical and textural analyses, it is determined that most appropriate method for cooking chicken breast was blanching. Chicken breast meat cooked by blanching is determined to be more soft and chewable.
{"title":"Influence of Different Cooking Methods on Quality Attributes of Chicken Breast Meat","authors":"B. Ergönül","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370368","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical and instrumental textural attributes of chicken breast meat cooked by using different techniques were evaluated in this research. Blanching, cooking in convection oven and microwave cooking methods were used. It was determined that there were significant differences among Hunter a* and b* color values of the samples (P 0.05). As determined by using TA-XT texture analyzer, hardness and gumminess values of the samples were significantly different from each other (P 0.05). As results of chemical and textural analyses, it is determined that most appropriate method for cooking chicken breast was blanching. Chicken breast meat cooked by blanching is determined to be more soft and chewable.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"40 1","pages":"883-885"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91278279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370356
Y. Ağuş
In this study, 210 Po radioactivity in tobacco and effective dose estimation from smoke inhalation were investigated. 14 most frequently used cigarette brands in Turkey were used for this purpose. 210 Po average radioactivity in tobacco was found to be 25.4 ± 2.0 Bq/kg. 210 Po mean annual effective dose was found to be 181.8 µSv/y.
{"title":"210Po Radioactivity in Tobacco and Smoke Inhalation Effective Dose Estimation","authors":"Y. Ağuş","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370356","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 210 Po radioactivity in tobacco and effective dose estimation from smoke inhalation were investigated. 14 most frequently used cigarette brands in Turkey were used for this purpose. 210 Po average radioactivity in tobacco was found to be 25.4 ± 2.0 Bq/kg. 210 Po mean annual effective dose was found to be 181.8 µSv/y.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"52 1","pages":"829-831"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83510612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.321889
Armagan Karamanli
This paper is dedicated to present static behaviour of Reddy-Bickford laminated composite and sandwich beams subjected to various sets of boundary conditions which are simply supported (SS), clamped-simply supported (CS), clamped-clamped (CC) and clamped-free (CF) by using Ritz method. An analytical solution based on polynomial series including auixiliary functions which are used to satisfy the boundary conditions is developed to solve the studied problem. The polynomial shape functions for axial, transverse deflections and the rotation of the cross-section are presented. The validation and convergence studies are performed by solving symmetric and anti-symmetric cross-ply composite beam problems with various boundary conditions and aspect ratios. The numerical results in terms of mid-span deflections, axial and shear stresses are obtained to make comparison with previous studies and to investigate the accuracy of the present study. The effects of fiber angle, lay-up and aspect ratio on displacements and stresses are studied. The static response of the various laminated composite sandwich structures which have symmetric lay-up based on the various boundary conditions, fiber angles and thickness ratios is also studied. It is found that the polynomial series with auxiliary functions can be used for the static analysis of the composite and sandwich beams via Ritz method.
{"title":"Static Analysis of Reddy-Bickford Composite and Sandwich Beams via Ritz Method","authors":"Armagan Karamanli","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.321889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.321889","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is dedicated to present static behaviour of Reddy-Bickford laminated composite and sandwich beams subjected to various sets of boundary conditions which are simply supported (SS), clamped-simply supported (CS), clamped-clamped (CC) and clamped-free (CF) by using Ritz method. An analytical solution based on polynomial series including auixiliary functions which are used to satisfy the boundary conditions is developed to solve the studied problem. The polynomial shape functions for axial, transverse deflections and the rotation of the cross-section are presented. The validation and convergence studies are performed by solving symmetric and anti-symmetric cross-ply composite beam problems with various boundary conditions and aspect ratios. The numerical results in terms of mid-span deflections, axial and shear stresses are obtained to make comparison with previous studies and to investigate the accuracy of the present study. The effects of fiber angle, lay-up and aspect ratio on displacements and stresses are studied. The static response of the various laminated composite sandwich structures which have symmetric lay-up based on the various boundary conditions, fiber angles and thickness ratios is also studied. It is found that the polynomial series with auxiliary functions can be used for the static analysis of the composite and sandwich beams via Ritz method.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"147 1","pages":"933-942"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85371929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370370
Ç. K. Karayıldırım
Natural products used in the traditional systems of medicine exhibit a various and promising resource in human health. However, these products are often characterized for their chemical composition as well as mechanisms of action. Considering the bacterial infections play an important role in human diseases, it is necessary to develop new antibacterial herbal products. The aim of this study was to isolation and structural identification of hesperidin from Citrus sinensis L. and to formulate hesperidin loaded to water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion as an inovative formulation for bactericidal treatment. This present study indicates that hesperidin microemulsion has antibacterial activity against various types of bacteria according to MIC method. All strains were showed logaritmic reduction. These findings indicated that the microemulsion as a drug carrier, especially hesperidin formulation, may be used as an effective antibacterial therapy.
{"title":"Characterization and in vitro Evolution of Antibacterial Efficacy of Novel Hesperidin Microemulsion","authors":"Ç. K. Karayıldırım","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370370","url":null,"abstract":"Natural products used in the traditional systems of medicine exhibit a various and promising resource in human health. However, these products are often characterized for their chemical composition as well as mechanisms of action. Considering the bacterial infections play an important role in human diseases, it is necessary to develop new antibacterial herbal products. The aim of this study was to isolation and structural identification of hesperidin from Citrus sinensis L. and to formulate hesperidin loaded to water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion as an inovative formulation for bactericidal treatment. This present study indicates that hesperidin microemulsion has antibacterial activity against various types of bacteria according to MIC method. All strains were showed logaritmic reduction. These findings indicated that the microemulsion as a drug carrier, especially hesperidin formulation, may be used as an effective antibacterial therapy.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"18 1","pages":"943-947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75064193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.298927
E. Yılmaz, S. Çetin
Mobile phones, which became indispensable in our daily lives, are likely to be colonized by microorganisms found in the hands of people using them. In this study, a total of 30 mobile phones and owner hands (30) were screened for Staphylococci and E. coli contamination in various departments at Mustafa Kemal University. For this purpose, samples were taken from the mobile phones and index fingers and thumbs of dominant hands of randomly selected 30 students studying at various departments at Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli colonization were screened in these samples, and their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials in different groups. And, oxacillin salt agar screening test was performed to detect methicillin resistance. Microplate (MP) method, Congo Red Agar (CRA) method and Standard Tube (ST) method were used to determine biofilm formation. A questionnaire about mobile phone usage habits was also applied to statistically investigate whether the colonization depends on the usage. According to our results, E. coli colonization was no found in any sample, while 31 samples were isolated as Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and 2 samples as Staphylococcus aureus . Out of 30 samples collected from the mobile phones of the students, 53.3% was found as CoNS and 3.3% as S taphylococcus aureus . Whereas, among 30 samples collected from the hands of the students, CoNS was isolated in 50% and Staphylococcus aureus 3.3% of the samples. All 33 Staphylococci isolates were found to be susceptible to vancomycin and rifampicin, while 27% were found to be resistant to oxacilline , 36% to cefoxitin , 70% to ampicillin, 48% to tetracycline, 76% to erythromycin, 70% to penicillin, 30% to gentamicin, 30% to ampicillin- clavulanicase , 24% to ciprofloxacin, 27% to ciprofloxacin, 27% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and 27% to methicillin. It was determined that 9 (27.2 %) of the 33 Staphlococci isolates was resistant to methicillin. Staphylococci were 100% biofilm producers according to the microplate method. Especially hand hygiene should be carefully provided and mobile phones should be regularly cleaned in order to prevent bacterial colonization of mobile phones, and prevention strategies should be developed in terms of public health.
{"title":"Investigation of Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli colonization and biofilm formation on university students’ mobile phones and hands","authors":"E. Yılmaz, S. Çetin","doi":"10.18466/cbayarfbe.298927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.298927","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile phones, which became indispensable in our daily lives, are likely to be colonized by microorganisms found in the hands of people using them. In this study, a total of 30 mobile phones and owner hands (30) were screened for Staphylococci and E. coli contamination in various departments at Mustafa Kemal University. For this purpose, samples were taken from the mobile phones and index fingers and thumbs of dominant hands of randomly selected 30 students studying at various departments at Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli colonization were screened in these samples, and their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials in different groups. And, oxacillin salt agar screening test was performed to detect methicillin resistance. Microplate (MP) method, Congo Red Agar (CRA) method and Standard Tube (ST) method were used to determine biofilm formation. A questionnaire about mobile phone usage habits was also applied to statistically investigate whether the colonization depends on the usage. According to our results, E. coli colonization was no found in any sample, while 31 samples were isolated as Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and 2 samples as Staphylococcus aureus . Out of 30 samples collected from the mobile phones of the students, 53.3% was found as CoNS and 3.3% as S taphylococcus aureus . Whereas, among 30 samples collected from the hands of the students, CoNS was isolated in 50% and Staphylococcus aureus 3.3% of the samples. All 33 Staphylococci isolates were found to be susceptible to vancomycin and rifampicin, while 27% were found to be resistant to oxacilline , 36% to cefoxitin , 70% to ampicillin, 48% to tetracycline, 76% to erythromycin, 70% to penicillin, 30% to gentamicin, 30% to ampicillin- clavulanicase , 24% to ciprofloxacin, 27% to ciprofloxacin, 27% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and 27% to methicillin. It was determined that 9 (27.2 %) of the 33 Staphlococci isolates was resistant to methicillin. Staphylococci were 100% biofilm producers according to the microplate method. Especially hand hygiene should be carefully provided and mobile phones should be regularly cleaned in order to prevent bacterial colonization of mobile phones, and prevention strategies should be developed in terms of public health.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"37 1","pages":"839-844"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80154819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.293113
H. Avci, A. Ozdemir
Due to the rapid increase in population growth, energy and synthetic material consumption, the materials which reduce energy consumption like isolation materials have been gaining an importance after results of many innovative research. So far, the most part of energy reducing materials have been produced by synthetic chemicals and therefore have a detrimental effect on the natural world and living organisms. Rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) is mainly manufactured by synthetic raw materials and widely used as an isolation material for different applications. It is estimated that 96 million tons of PUR foam was produced in 2015. The purpose of this study is to reduce the usage of synthetic raw materials which are used to produce PUF and incorporate natural materials in order to decrease the harmful effects of the synthetics. Resulted composite PUFs demonstrated the similar thermal and physical properties, while the increase content for the ecological and natural sustainability.
{"title":"Sustainable Approach to Produce Polyurethane Composite Foams with Natural Materials","authors":"H. Avci, A. Ozdemir","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.293113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.293113","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the rapid increase in population growth, energy and synthetic material consumption, the materials which reduce energy consumption like isolation materials have been gaining an importance after results of many innovative research. So far, the most part of energy reducing materials have been produced by synthetic chemicals and therefore have a detrimental effect on the natural world and living organisms. Rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) is mainly manufactured by synthetic raw materials and widely used as an isolation material for different applications. It is estimated that 96 million tons of PUR foam was produced in 2015. The purpose of this study is to reduce the usage of synthetic raw materials which are used to produce PUF and incorporate natural materials in order to decrease the harmful effects of the synthetics. Resulted composite PUFs demonstrated the similar thermal and physical properties, while the increase content for the ecological and natural sustainability.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"44 1","pages":"887-892"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78973984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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