Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.26650/eurjbiol.2018.0014
F. Di̇kmen, D. Tore, A. Aytekin
DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0014 Objective: Lack of information regarding the floral preferences of wild bees is one of the major problems in understanding plant–bee interactions. Therefore, we investigated the plant preferences of Halictus Latreille (Halictidae: Apoidea: Hymenoptera) species that are distributed in the Mediterranean Region of southern Turkey. Materials and Methods: Bees were collected through field studies that were performed during the spring and summer seasons between 2008 and 2009. The flowers visited by bees were also recorded. In total, 516 bee specimens belonging to 19 species were collected, and 54 plant taxa were found to be related to these Halictus species. In addition to field study data, information collected from the literature was included in the study. The most commonly visited plant families, genera, and species are described using diversity indices scores in terms of the plant taxa preferences of the bees. Results: A total of 516 bee and 195 plant specimens were sampled from 76 stations located in 14 provinces. In total, 54 plant taxa were found to be related to 19 Halictus species. Among such large plant taxa preferences, the most commonly visited ones were Onopordum, Centaurea, and Carduus members. Conclusion: This study suggests that members of the genus Halictus primarily prefer to visit plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. However, they may also visit several other types of flowers such as those belonging to Rosaceae and Brassicaceae families.
{"title":"Plant Preferences of Halictus Latreille (Halictidae: Hymenoptera) in the Mediterranean Region of Southern Turkey","authors":"F. Di̇kmen, D. Tore, A. Aytekin","doi":"10.26650/eurjbiol.2018.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/eurjbiol.2018.0014","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0014 Objective: Lack of information regarding the floral preferences of wild bees is one of the major problems in understanding plant–bee interactions. Therefore, we investigated the plant preferences of Halictus Latreille (Halictidae: Apoidea: Hymenoptera) species that are distributed in the Mediterranean Region of southern Turkey. Materials and Methods: Bees were collected through field studies that were performed during the spring and summer seasons between 2008 and 2009. The flowers visited by bees were also recorded. In total, 516 bee specimens belonging to 19 species were collected, and 54 plant taxa were found to be related to these Halictus species. In addition to field study data, information collected from the literature was included in the study. The most commonly visited plant families, genera, and species are described using diversity indices scores in terms of the plant taxa preferences of the bees. Results: A total of 516 bee and 195 plant specimens were sampled from 76 stations located in 14 provinces. In total, 54 plant taxa were found to be related to 19 Halictus species. Among such large plant taxa preferences, the most commonly visited ones were Onopordum, Centaurea, and Carduus members. Conclusion: This study suggests that members of the genus Halictus primarily prefer to visit plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. However, they may also visit several other types of flowers such as those belonging to Rosaceae and Brassicaceae families.","PeriodicalId":9711,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73974302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.400108
D. Moretti, W. Nordi, R. Machado-Neto
DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.400108 Objective: The electrophoretic profile of serum proteins was investigated in juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus and Salminus brasiliensis fed with diets containing bovine colostrum, a nutraceutical food, in lyophilized form (LBC) for either 30 or 60 days. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from juveniles of P. mesopotamicus and S. brasiliensis fed for either 30 or 60 days with diets containing 0%, 10% or 20% of LBC. Serum protein fractions were then determined by electrophoresis in agarose gel. Results: The P. mesopotamicus, an omnivorous fish, showed six serum protein fractions, while the S. brasiliensis, a carnivorous fish, showed four serum protein fractions. In both species the albumin fraction showed higher protein content at 30 days than at 60 days (p<0.05), indicating an inverse relationship with growth. The 5th and 4th fraction in mobility from the P. mesopotamicus and S. brasiliensis serum, respectively, were positioned in a gamma-globulin zone. In P. mesopotamicus, the concentration of protein in the gamma-globulin zone was higher at 60 days than at 30 days (p<0.05). In S. brasiliensis, in turn, the concentration of protein in the gamma-globulin zone was higher at 30 days than at 60 days (p<0.05). In juvenile P. mesopotamicus, a higher concentration of protein was also observed in the gamma-globulin zone in the 0% LBC compared to 10% and 20% LBC (p<0.05). Thus, the feeding period influenced only the fractions that were positioned in the albumin and gamma-globulin migration zone in both species. Conclusion: The consumption of bovine colostrum decreased the concentration of protein in gamma-globulin fraction of the P. mesopotamicus, indicating that these juveniles had either less stimulus for their own synthesis of defense elements or an immunosuppressive effect of bovine colostrum ingestion.
{"title":"Serum Protein Profile of Juvenile Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and Dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) Fed Bovine Colostrum as Partial Source of Protein in the Diet","authors":"D. Moretti, W. Nordi, R. Machado-Neto","doi":"10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.400108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.400108","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.400108 Objective: The electrophoretic profile of serum proteins was investigated in juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus and Salminus brasiliensis fed with diets containing bovine colostrum, a nutraceutical food, in lyophilized form (LBC) for either 30 or 60 days. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from juveniles of P. mesopotamicus and S. brasiliensis fed for either 30 or 60 days with diets containing 0%, 10% or 20% of LBC. Serum protein fractions were then determined by electrophoresis in agarose gel. Results: The P. mesopotamicus, an omnivorous fish, showed six serum protein fractions, while the S. brasiliensis, a carnivorous fish, showed four serum protein fractions. In both species the albumin fraction showed higher protein content at 30 days than at 60 days (p<0.05), indicating an inverse relationship with growth. The 5th and 4th fraction in mobility from the P. mesopotamicus and S. brasiliensis serum, respectively, were positioned in a gamma-globulin zone. In P. mesopotamicus, the concentration of protein in the gamma-globulin zone was higher at 60 days than at 30 days (p<0.05). In S. brasiliensis, in turn, the concentration of protein in the gamma-globulin zone was higher at 30 days than at 60 days (p<0.05). In juvenile P. mesopotamicus, a higher concentration of protein was also observed in the gamma-globulin zone in the 0% LBC compared to 10% and 20% LBC (p<0.05). Thus, the feeding period influenced only the fractions that were positioned in the albumin and gamma-globulin migration zone in both species. Conclusion: The consumption of bovine colostrum decreased the concentration of protein in gamma-globulin fraction of the P. mesopotamicus, indicating that these juveniles had either less stimulus for their own synthesis of defense elements or an immunosuppressive effect of bovine colostrum ingestion.","PeriodicalId":9711,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88880599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.18017
O. Sacan
DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.18017 Objective: For many years, plants have been considered a source of alternative medicine and are used for the treatment of several diseases. These medicinal plants are excellent sources of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) originates from East Bulgaria but can be found mostly in West Caucasia and the Black Sea region of Turkey. Its flowering branches, rhizomes, and leaves are used as food. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activity of a T. orientalis aqueous infusion was investigated using various antioxidant tests, such as reducing power and radical scavenging activity. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. Results were compared with natural and synthetic antioxidants. Results: The results demonstrated that T. orientalis (L.) is a good source of antioxidants. Conclusion: This study suggested that T. orientalis extract can be considered a useful natural antioxidant source because of its flavonoid, phenolic, and anthocyanin contents. The food and cosmetic industries might employ T. orientalis extract as an alternative additive to other highly toxic synthetic antioxidants.
目的:多年来，植物一直被认为是替代药物的来源，并被用于治疗几种疾病。这些药用植物是植物化学物质和抗氧化活性的极好来源。毛茛(Trachystemon orientalis)G. Don (Boraginaceae)原产于东保加利亚，但主要分布在西高加索和土耳其的黑海地区。它的开花树枝、根茎和叶子被用作食物。材料与方法:采用各种抗氧化实验，如还原能力和自由基清除能力，对东方红水浸液的抗氧化活性进行了研究。测定了其酚类和类黄酮含量。结果对天然抗氧化剂和合成抗氧化剂进行了比较。结果:东方红是一种良好的抗氧化剂来源。结论:本研究表明，东方藤提取物具有丰富的黄酮类、酚类和花青素含量，是一种有益的天然抗氧化来源。食品和化妆品行业可能会使用东方红提取物作为其他高毒性合成抗氧化剂的替代添加剂。
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenol and Total Flavonoid Contents of Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don","authors":"O. Sacan","doi":"10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.18017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.18017","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.18017 Objective: For many years, plants have been considered a source of alternative medicine and are used for the treatment of several diseases. These medicinal plants are excellent sources of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) originates from East Bulgaria but can be found mostly in West Caucasia and the Black Sea region of Turkey. Its flowering branches, rhizomes, and leaves are used as food. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activity of a T. orientalis aqueous infusion was investigated using various antioxidant tests, such as reducing power and radical scavenging activity. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. Results were compared with natural and synthetic antioxidants. Results: The results demonstrated that T. orientalis (L.) is a good source of antioxidants. Conclusion: This study suggested that T. orientalis extract can be considered a useful natural antioxidant source because of its flavonoid, phenolic, and anthocyanin contents. The food and cosmetic industries might employ T. orientalis extract as an alternative additive to other highly toxic synthetic antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":9711,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81592367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.26650/eurjbiol.2018.0016
O. D. Ozsoylemez, G. Ozcan
DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0016 Objective: This study was conducted to determine the antiproliferative effects of paclitaxel (PAC) and Colchicum umbrosum plant extract on C-4 I and Vero cells. In addition, the apoptotic effects of plant extract on these cells were compared. Materials and Methods: C-4 I and Vero cells were treated with PAC and corm extract of C. umbrosum for 24 h. The antiproliferative effects of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL of plant extract and 7.5, 15, and 30 nM of PAC and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by the MTT method. Morphological changes occurring in the C-4 I and Vero cells were observed under phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopes using DAPI staining. Results: The IC50 values were found to be 0.01 mg/mL in C-4 I cells and 1 mg/mL in Vero cells for the plant extract and 15 nM in C-4 I and Vero cells for PAC. The apoptotic index (AI) values of the experimental groups of C-4 I and Vero cells were significantly increased compared to those of the control group (p<0.01) after treatment with IC50 concentration of the plant extract. The AI values of the plant extract treatment in C-4 I cells were higher than those in Vero cells at 24 and 48 h. Conclusion: Treatment with the IC50 concentration of the plant extract induced apoptotic cell death in C-4 I cells. It can worth be considered as a novel promising candidate for the treatment of cancer.
{"title":"The Antiproliferative Activity of Colchicum umbrosum Plant Extract and Paclitaxel on C-4 I and Vero Cells","authors":"O. D. Ozsoylemez, G. Ozcan","doi":"10.26650/eurjbiol.2018.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/eurjbiol.2018.0016","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0016 Objective: This study was conducted to determine the antiproliferative effects of paclitaxel (PAC) and Colchicum umbrosum plant extract on C-4 I and Vero cells. In addition, the apoptotic effects of plant extract on these cells were compared. Materials and Methods: C-4 I and Vero cells were treated with PAC and corm extract of C. umbrosum for 24 h. The antiproliferative effects of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL of plant extract and 7.5, 15, and 30 nM of PAC and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by the MTT method. Morphological changes occurring in the C-4 I and Vero cells were observed under phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopes using DAPI staining. Results: The IC50 values were found to be 0.01 mg/mL in C-4 I cells and 1 mg/mL in Vero cells for the plant extract and 15 nM in C-4 I and Vero cells for PAC. The apoptotic index (AI) values of the experimental groups of C-4 I and Vero cells were significantly increased compared to those of the control group (p<0.01) after treatment with IC50 concentration of the plant extract. The AI values of the plant extract treatment in C-4 I cells were higher than those in Vero cells at 24 and 48 h. Conclusion: Treatment with the IC50 concentration of the plant extract induced apoptotic cell death in C-4 I cells. It can worth be considered as a novel promising candidate for the treatment of cancer.","PeriodicalId":9711,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86504543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.26650/eurojbiol.2018.0003
C. Eroglu, E. Avcı, Mücahit Seçme, Y. Dodurga, H. Vural, E. Kurar
DOI : 10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.0003 Objective : Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Nowadays, new treatment approaches have been tested for cancer therapy including natural compounds with low toxicity. Ferulic acid (FA) is known as an abundant phenolic compound found in various fruits and vegetables. As a potent antioxidant, the anticarcinogenic effect of FA has been demonstrated in various cancer cell lines. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of FA and gemcitabine on apoptosis and metastasis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods : Cell viability was determined using the XTT method after the cells were treated with gemcitabine or FA and gemcitabine. According to the results of cytotoxicity assays, PC-3 cells were treated with
目的:前列腺癌是男性癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。如今，新的治疗方法已经被测试用于癌症治疗，包括低毒性的天然化合物。阿魏酸(FA)是一种丰富的酚类化合物，存在于各种水果和蔬菜中。作为一种有效的抗氧化剂，FA的抗癌作用已在多种癌细胞系中得到证实。本研究旨在探讨FA联合吉西他滨对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞株凋亡和转移的影响。材料与方法:细胞经吉西他滨或FA +吉西他滨处理后，采用XTT法测定细胞活力。细胞毒性试验结果显示，200 μM FA + 35 μM吉西他滨联合剂量
{"title":"The Combination Effect of Ferulic Acid and Gemcitabine on Expression of Genes Related Apoptosis and Metastasis in PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells","authors":"C. Eroglu, E. Avcı, Mücahit Seçme, Y. Dodurga, H. Vural, E. Kurar","doi":"10.26650/eurojbiol.2018.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/eurojbiol.2018.0003","url":null,"abstract":"DOI : 10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.0003 Objective : Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Nowadays, new treatment approaches have been tested for cancer therapy including natural compounds with low toxicity. Ferulic acid (FA) is known as an abundant phenolic compound found in various fruits and vegetables. As a potent antioxidant, the anticarcinogenic effect of FA has been demonstrated in various cancer cell lines. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of FA and gemcitabine on apoptosis and metastasis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods : Cell viability was determined using the XTT method after the cells were treated with gemcitabine or FA and gemcitabine. According to the results of cytotoxicity assays, PC-3 cells were treated with <IC50 doses of combination (200 μM FA and 35 μM gemcitabine) and IC50 dose of gemcitabine. Expressions of genes that are important in apoptosis and metastasis pathways were evaluated in dose and control groups by qPCR. Results : According to the results, the combination of FA and gemcitabine affected the expression of more genes in apoptosis and metastasis with a higher fold change compared with the single treatment of gemcitabine in PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Conclusion : Our study indicates that FA can be an effective part of the combination treatments.","PeriodicalId":9711,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84303539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.0012
Sudeshna Sarker, T. Abraham, Sayani Banerjee, Harresh Adikesavalu
DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0012 Objective: This study investigated the pathogenicity and pathology of the gill rot-associated bacterium Flavobacterium sp. KG3 in experimentally challenged Carassius auratus. Material and Methods: The pathogenicity of Flavobacterium sp. KG3 was assessed by intraperitoneal injection (i/p) and abrasion-bath treatment followed by histopathology. Results: Flavobacterium sp. KG3 challenge caused extensive damages to the gills and internal organs of C. auratus, resulting in cellular and tissue-level alterations. The i/p challenge resulted in significant mortalities, with an LD50 value of 2.5 × 105 CFU/fish. The abrasion-bath challenge resulted in 60% mortality at 6.0 × 106 cells/mL in 5 days. The kidney of the challenged C. auratus exhibited extensive haaemorrhages, polymorphic and constricted nephritic tubules, fibrosis, glomerulopathy, degeneration of nephritic tubular epithelium, disruption of blood vessels, cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, granuloma formation, necrosis of haaematopoietic area, vacuolation in haaematopoietic tissue, widening of lumen, and thickening of the luminal lining. Conclusion: Like other recognized bacterial pathogens, Flavobacterium sp. KG3 was moderately virulent to C. auratus and can produce systemic pathology in the gills, muscle, spleen, and kidney.
{"title":"Pathology of Flavobacterium sp. KG3 in Experimentally Challenged Ornamental Goldfish Carassius auratus (L.)","authors":"Sudeshna Sarker, T. Abraham, Sayani Banerjee, Harresh Adikesavalu","doi":"10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.0012","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0012 Objective: This study investigated the pathogenicity and pathology of the gill rot-associated bacterium Flavobacterium sp. KG3 in experimentally challenged Carassius auratus. Material and Methods: The pathogenicity of Flavobacterium sp. KG3 was assessed by intraperitoneal injection (i/p) and abrasion-bath treatment followed by histopathology. Results: Flavobacterium sp. KG3 challenge caused extensive damages to the gills and internal organs of C. auratus, resulting in cellular and tissue-level alterations. The i/p challenge resulted in significant mortalities, with an LD50 value of 2.5 × 105 CFU/fish. The abrasion-bath challenge resulted in 60% mortality at 6.0 × 106 cells/mL in 5 days. The kidney of the challenged C. auratus exhibited extensive haaemorrhages, polymorphic and constricted nephritic tubules, fibrosis, glomerulopathy, degeneration of nephritic tubular epithelium, disruption of blood vessels, cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, granuloma formation, necrosis of haaematopoietic area, vacuolation in haaematopoietic tissue, widening of lumen, and thickening of the luminal lining. Conclusion: Like other recognized bacterial pathogens, Flavobacterium sp. KG3 was moderately virulent to C. auratus and can produce systemic pathology in the gills, muscle, spleen, and kidney.","PeriodicalId":9711,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77332107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.26650/EUROJBIOL.2018.397348
H. Tuncay, E. Akalın
DOI : 10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.397348 Objective : Istanbul has exceptional plant diversity with 2500 species, (many of) which are under threat due to rapid urbanization. The aim of this study is to update the endemic plants lists of Istanbul to show how many of these endemic plants are only found in Istanbul, which might be helpful in preparing development plans. Materials and Methods : A list of Istanbul’s endemic plants is created according to “Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands” and related articles, books, herbarium records. Results : Ten of the 60 endemic plant species of Turkey’s flora are endemic only to Istanbul. Half of the remaining species are endemic to Istanbul and its surrounding areas (neighboring cities) and the other half have other distribution areas throughout Anatolia. Conclusion : Not only the ten species endemic only to Istanbul, but also the other 50 species found in the area, should be conserved because of their high biological value stemming from their limited distributions.
{"title":"Endemism in Istanbul Plants","authors":"H. Tuncay, E. Akalın","doi":"10.26650/EUROJBIOL.2018.397348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/EUROJBIOL.2018.397348","url":null,"abstract":"DOI : 10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.397348 Objective : Istanbul has exceptional plant diversity with 2500 species, (many of) which are under threat due to rapid urbanization. The aim of this study is to update the endemic plants lists of Istanbul to show how many of these endemic plants are only found in Istanbul, which might be helpful in preparing development plans. Materials and Methods : A list of Istanbul’s endemic plants is created according to “Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands” and related articles, books, herbarium records. Results : Ten of the 60 endemic plant species of Turkey’s flora are endemic only to Istanbul. Half of the remaining species are endemic to Istanbul and its surrounding areas (neighboring cities) and the other half have other distribution areas throughout Anatolia. Conclusion : Not only the ten species endemic only to Istanbul, but also the other 50 species found in the area, should be conserved because of their high biological value stemming from their limited distributions.","PeriodicalId":9711,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87830746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.26650/eurojbiol.2018.388175
L. Bat, F. Şahin, M. Sezgin, S. Gönener, E. Erdem, Uğur Özsandıkçı
DOI : 10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.388175 Objective : The current work was carried out between 2013-2014 during the fishing periods to evaluate certain fish aggloremations within 3 miles of the coastal zone. Therefore, some basic characteristics of fish populations along the Inceburun coast of the Sinop province of the Black Sea were examined. Materials and Methods : Data was collected from 5 trawl operations in the Sinop-Inceburun Region of the Black Sea at depths of 20 to 39 meters at 5 different locations. Biometric measurements of each species was made. A literature search was performed to gather information about the status of threatened fish species found in the region. The length-weight parameters of 4 commercial fish species were estimated. Results : During the fishing season between 1st September 2013 and 15th April 2014 different fish species were captured depending on the season and climate. In these surveys, 16 teleost species from 15 families, 2 elasmobranch species from 2 families and 2 species of invertebrates were recorded from 5 different stations. In these surveys random samples of red mullet, bluefish, horse mackerel, turbot etc. were collected from 5 different stations. The total mean CPUA was estimated at 425.30 kg/km2. Conclusion : The Black Sea areas including those around the Sinop coast have an important effect on the entire production of sea fish of the Turkish fishery. In addition, Sinop fisheries generate significant fishery production supporting logistics and employment. In the Sinop peninsula, there is an increasing trend towards the production of commercial species of the Black Sea.
{"title":"Fishery of Sinop Coasts in the Black Sea Surveys","authors":"L. Bat, F. Şahin, M. Sezgin, S. Gönener, E. Erdem, Uğur Özsandıkçı","doi":"10.26650/eurojbiol.2018.388175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/eurojbiol.2018.388175","url":null,"abstract":"DOI : 10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.388175 Objective : The current work was carried out between 2013-2014 during the fishing periods to evaluate certain fish aggloremations within 3 miles of the coastal zone. Therefore, some basic characteristics of fish populations along the Inceburun coast of the Sinop province of the Black Sea were examined. Materials and Methods : Data was collected from 5 trawl operations in the Sinop-Inceburun Region of the Black Sea at depths of 20 to 39 meters at 5 different locations. Biometric measurements of each species was made. A literature search was performed to gather information about the status of threatened fish species found in the region. The length-weight parameters of 4 commercial fish species were estimated. Results : During the fishing season between 1st September 2013 and 15th April 2014 different fish species were captured depending on the season and climate. In these surveys, 16 teleost species from 15 families, 2 elasmobranch species from 2 families and 2 species of invertebrates were recorded from 5 different stations. In these surveys random samples of red mullet, bluefish, horse mackerel, turbot etc. were collected from 5 different stations. The total mean CPUA was estimated at 425.30 kg/km2. Conclusion : The Black Sea areas including those around the Sinop coast have an important effect on the entire production of sea fish of the Turkish fishery. In addition, Sinop fisheries generate significant fishery production supporting logistics and employment. In the Sinop peninsula, there is an increasing trend towards the production of commercial species of the Black Sea.","PeriodicalId":9711,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74770567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.26650/EUROJBIOL.2018.398174
Ç. Ürkü, Ş. Önalan
DOI : 10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.398174 Objective : This report focuses on the diagnosis of rainbow trout mortality in the Sari Mehmet Dam Lake. Material and Methods : The ten rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (300 - 350 g) examined were infested with numerous copepod parasites which were attached to body muscles especially in the caudal and abdominal area. Results : According to morphological results, this parasite was identified as L. cyprinacea. Histopathological examination of lesions revealed inflammatory response in the dermis and skeletal muscles and infectious granuloma. Conclusion : This paper is the first to describe cases of lernaeosis on the rainbow trout (O. mykiss) from the Sari Mehmet Dam Lake in Van-Turkey.
目的:本报告主要研究了Sari Mehmet Dam湖虹鳟鱼死亡率的诊断。材料与方法:10只虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss) (300 ~ 350 g)被大量桡足类寄生虫感染，这些寄生虫附着在身体肌肉上，特别是在尾鳍和腹部区域。结果:经形态学鉴定，该寄生虫为cyprinacea。病变的组织病理学检查显示真皮和骨骼肌的炎症反应和感染性肉芽肿。结论:本文首次报道了土耳其Sari Mehmet Dam湖虹鳟鱼(O. mykiss)的勒纳伊病病例。
{"title":"First Report of Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) on Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Sarı Mehmet Dam Lake in Van-Turkey","authors":"Ç. Ürkü, Ş. Önalan","doi":"10.26650/EUROJBIOL.2018.398174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/EUROJBIOL.2018.398174","url":null,"abstract":"DOI : 10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.398174 Objective : This report focuses on the diagnosis of rainbow trout mortality in the Sari Mehmet Dam Lake. Material and Methods : The ten rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (300 - 350 g) examined were infested with numerous copepod parasites which were attached to body muscles especially in the caudal and abdominal area. Results : According to morphological results, this parasite was identified as L. cyprinacea. Histopathological examination of lesions revealed inflammatory response in the dermis and skeletal muscles and infectious granuloma. Conclusion : This paper is the first to describe cases of lernaeosis on the rainbow trout (O. mykiss) from the Sari Mehmet Dam Lake in Van-Turkey.","PeriodicalId":9711,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85934790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-22DOI: 10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.0004
M. Karaaslan, K. Turan
DOI : 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0004 Objective : Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin by deacetylation. It is a non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, and has attracted considerable interest in a wide range of pharmaceutical applications including drug and vaccine delivery. The immune-stimulating activity of chitosan microparticles such as the activation of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes has been reported. In this work, we have investigated the releasing properties of influenza virus antigens from the chitosan microparticles and beads. Materials and Methods : Chitosan microparticles and beads were prepared by coacervation and ionotropic gelation method, respectively. The microparticles and beads were loaded with the viral antigens by passive adsorption and/or entrapment into the microparticles. The titration of the viruses was defined by haemagglutination assay or by quantitation of viral proteins using the Bradford method. Results : The results showed that the loading efficiency and the loading capacity of chitosan microparticles/beads with the viral antigens and the releasing profiles of the antigens from the particles changed depending on the type of chitosan, the pH of the loading buffer and the methods used to prepare the particles. The influenza viral antigens, passively adsorbed onto microparticles/beads, were released within 2 hours to 5 days. In contrast, the viral antigens entrapped into the chitosan microparticles were released more slowly and continued for up to 30 days. Conclusion : It was concluded from the viral antigen releasing profiles of chitosan particles that the viral antigens entrapped into the microparticles are more suitable for in vivo applications as a potential mucosal vaccine.
{"title":"In Vitro Characterization of Chitosan-Based Particles as Carrier of Influenza Viral Antigens","authors":"M. Karaaslan, K. Turan","doi":"10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/EURJBIOL.2018.0004","url":null,"abstract":"DOI : 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.0004 Objective : Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin by deacetylation. It is a non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, and has attracted considerable interest in a wide range of pharmaceutical applications including drug and vaccine delivery. The immune-stimulating activity of chitosan microparticles such as the activation of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes has been reported. In this work, we have investigated the releasing properties of influenza virus antigens from the chitosan microparticles and beads. Materials and Methods : Chitosan microparticles and beads were prepared by coacervation and ionotropic gelation method, respectively. The microparticles and beads were loaded with the viral antigens by passive adsorption and/or entrapment into the microparticles. The titration of the viruses was defined by haemagglutination assay or by quantitation of viral proteins using the Bradford method. Results : The results showed that the loading efficiency and the loading capacity of chitosan microparticles/beads with the viral antigens and the releasing profiles of the antigens from the particles changed depending on the type of chitosan, the pH of the loading buffer and the methods used to prepare the particles. The influenza viral antigens, passively adsorbed onto microparticles/beads, were released within 2 hours to 5 days. In contrast, the viral antigens entrapped into the chitosan microparticles were released more slowly and continued for up to 30 days. Conclusion : It was concluded from the viral antigen releasing profiles of chitosan particles that the viral antigens entrapped into the microparticles are more suitable for in vivo applications as a potential mucosal vaccine.","PeriodicalId":9711,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86898979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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