{"title":"Mechanical Properties and Application of Graphite and Graphite-based Nanocomposite : A Review","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/cmr/15-1-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/15-1-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90682023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extraction of Cobalt and Cadmium in Municipal Dump Sites around Zaria, Kaduna State Using EDTA and Citrate as Complexing Agents","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/cmr/15-1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/15-1-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"221 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76663518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Quantitative Estimation of Phytochemical, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Crude Extract of Root of Jurinea Dolomiaea Boiss","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/cmr/15-1-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/15-1-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76709608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of Essential Minerals in Manures of Selected Domestic Animals in Karatina and Their Effects on Soil and Plants","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/cmr/15-1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cmr/15-1-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82395130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nickel (Ni) is a highly toxic heavy metal because nickel can accumulate and poison aquatic biotic components, therefore it’s levels must be determined with certainty. In this study, nickel metal measurements were made using the cyclic voltammetry method. Several measurement parameters, including voltage range, scan rate, and pH, were tested in this study to improve sensitivity and accuracy. This is done to achieve the best possible measurement conditions. The results show that the best conditions for detecting Ni ions are a voltage range of -0.75 V to -1.00 V, a scan rate of 250 mV/s, and a pH of 3. The validation test produced results in the range of 15 to 40 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.99, detection and quantitation limits of 274.99 ppm and 916.66 ppm, respectively, and an RSD of 1.10%. As a comparison, Ni content was tested using AAS, and the Ni contents obtained by cyclic voltammetry and AAS methods were 1666.47 and 1676 ppm, respectively.
{"title":"Analysis of Nickel(II) in Water Medium using Electrochemical Techniques","authors":"Gayatri Citra Dewi, Odetta Levin","doi":"10.56425/cma.v2i1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56425/cma.v2i1.49","url":null,"abstract":"Nickel (Ni) is a highly toxic heavy metal because nickel can accumulate and poison aquatic biotic components, therefore it’s levels must be determined with certainty. In this study, nickel metal measurements were made using the cyclic voltammetry method. Several measurement parameters, including voltage range, scan rate, and pH, were tested in this study to improve sensitivity and accuracy. This is done to achieve the best possible measurement conditions. The results show that the best conditions for detecting Ni ions are a voltage range of -0.75 V to -1.00 V, a scan rate of 250 mV/s, and a pH of 3. The validation test produced results in the range of 15 to 40 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.99, detection and quantitation limits of 274.99 ppm and 916.66 ppm, respectively, and an RSD of 1.10%. As a comparison, Ni content was tested using AAS, and the Ni contents obtained by cyclic voltammetry and AAS methods were 1666.47 and 1676 ppm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73188283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuliana Dewi Anugrah, Annissa Amalia, Salma Fitri Annisa
Polyphenols from clove extract (Syzygium aromaticum) were successfully used as reducing agents to synthesize nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). Optimization of nZVI synthesis was carried out by reacting polyphenols and FeSO4 at a composition of 0.25:4.75, 1:4, 2:3, and 3:2. The particle size analyzer showed that the smaller particle size distribution was obtained at nZVI 0.25:4.75, with values of D10 = 85.1 nm, D50 = 122 nm, and D90 = 175 nm. The results of the Pb(II) removal test showed that nZVI 0.25:4.75 had a fairly high percentage of Pb(II) removal, which was 96.4852% at 60 minutes. The smaller particle size of nZVI 0.25:4.75 compared to other samples is an important factor affecting the adsorption activity of Pb(II) in an aqueous medium.
{"title":"Synthesis of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron with Polyphenol Extract from Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) Through a Stepwise Reaction and Adsorption Test on Pb(II)","authors":"Yuliana Dewi Anugrah, Annissa Amalia, Salma Fitri Annisa","doi":"10.56425/cma.v2i1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56425/cma.v2i1.48","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphenols from clove extract (Syzygium aromaticum) were successfully used as reducing agents to synthesize nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). Optimization of nZVI synthesis was carried out by reacting polyphenols and FeSO4 at a composition of 0.25:4.75, 1:4, 2:3, and 3:2. The particle size analyzer showed that the smaller particle size distribution was obtained at nZVI 0.25:4.75, with values of D10 = 85.1 nm, D50 = 122 nm, and D90 = 175 nm. The results of the Pb(II) removal test showed that nZVI 0.25:4.75 had a fairly high percentage of Pb(II) removal, which was 96.4852% at 60 minutes. The smaller particle size of nZVI 0.25:4.75 compared to other samples is an important factor affecting the adsorption activity of Pb(II) in an aqueous medium.","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83776723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. A. Suliasih, Surya Geraldi, Hana Yunita Hidayat, Eko Abdul Mun’im, Aditya Rifai
Phyllanthin is known to have therapeutic properties such as immunomodulator, nephroprotective, and anticancer. Phyllanthin is a lignan compound that is commonly found in plants of the Phyllanthus genus, one of which is green meniran (Phyllanthus niruri). Solvent Ionic Liquid (IL) is one of the alternative solvents that are widely used for the extraction of compounds from a plant. The purpose of this study were to compare the extraction yield of philanthine compounds from meniran herbs using IL solvent by Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) with methanol by maceration method, and to determine the IL solvent that could produce the highest phyllanthin content. Optimization were carried out using the independent variables IL solvent concentration (0.25 M, 0.75 M, and 1.25 M) and sample-solvent mixture (1:10, 1:12, and 1:14). The variable modeling is designed using Response Surface Methodology that produced 9 runs of combination of solvent concentration and sample-solvent mixture ratio. The phyllanthin assay was using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with ethanol-water mixture (66:34) as mobile phase and wavelength at 229 nm for detection. The optimum extraction conditions showed the best results for imidazolium chloride IL at 1st run with a concentration of 0.75 M, the sample-solvent mixture of 1:14 and phyllanthin content of 0.1783 mg/g while imidazolium bromide IL at 7th run with a concentration of 0.75 M and the sample-solvent mixture of 1:12 and phyllanthin content of 0.23 mg/g. However, the methanol maceration method could only extract phyllanthin as much as 0.1319 mg/g. Based on these results, the use of IL-MAE was more effective than the methanol maceration method due to higher phyllantin extract.
{"title":"Phyllantin Extraction Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids with Chloride and Bromide Anion by Microwaved Assisted Extraction Method","authors":"B. A. Suliasih, Surya Geraldi, Hana Yunita Hidayat, Eko Abdul Mun’im, Aditya Rifai","doi":"10.56425/cma.v2i1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56425/cma.v2i1.47","url":null,"abstract":"Phyllanthin is known to have therapeutic properties such as immunomodulator, nephroprotective, and anticancer. Phyllanthin is a lignan compound that is commonly found in plants of the Phyllanthus genus, one of which is green meniran (Phyllanthus niruri). Solvent Ionic Liquid (IL) is one of the alternative solvents that are widely used for the extraction of compounds from a plant. The purpose of this study were to compare the extraction yield of philanthine compounds from meniran herbs using IL solvent by Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) with methanol by maceration method, and to determine the IL solvent that could produce the highest phyllanthin content. Optimization were carried out using the independent variables IL solvent concentration (0.25 M, 0.75 M, and 1.25 M) and sample-solvent mixture (1:10, 1:12, and 1:14). The variable modeling is designed using Response Surface Methodology that produced 9 runs of combination of solvent concentration and sample-solvent mixture ratio. The phyllanthin assay was using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with ethanol-water mixture (66:34) as mobile phase and wavelength at 229 nm for detection. The optimum extraction conditions showed the best results for imidazolium chloride IL at 1st run with a concentration of 0.75 M, the sample-solvent mixture of 1:14 and phyllanthin content of 0.1783 mg/g while imidazolium bromide IL at 7th run with a concentration of 0.75 M and the sample-solvent mixture of 1:12 and phyllanthin content of 0.23 mg/g. However, the methanol maceration method could only extract phyllanthin as much as 0.1319 mg/g. Based on these results, the use of IL-MAE was more effective than the methanol maceration method due to higher phyllantin extract.","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90876533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Platinum is often used as a catalyst in ethanol electrooxidation. Still, it has many disadvantages being expensive and its active site can be poisoned by CO. Transition metal of Co and Ni can become a catalyst in alcohol electrooxidation at a lower cost to synthesize. In this work, bimetallic CoNi were successfully prepared by electrodeposition method with different Co/Ni ratios to enhance ethanol electrooxidation. Samples of CoNi are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD diffractogram confirmed the formation of CoNi. Morphology of CoNi in SEM characterization showed that CoNi with ratio 5:1 has the more dispersed particle and the greatest surface area. EDX characterization indicated that the relative weight of different Co/Ni ratios, the composition wt.% Co is 81.15% and wt.% Ni is 18.85% in CoNi 5:1, wt.% Co is 60.96% and wt.% Ni is 30.94% in CoNi 2:5, while wt.% Co is 50.19%, and wt.% Ni is 49.81% in CoNi 5:5. EIS characterization showed that CoNi with ratio of 5:1 has faster electron kinetics. Electrooxidation of ethanol used cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The best results from the ethanol electrooxidation reaction were obtained for CoNi with a ratio of 5:1 because of the greatest surface area that showed in scanning electron microscopy and fast electron transfer kinetics compared to others ratio of CoxNiy.
{"title":"Electrodeposition of CoxNiy Thin Film and Its Catalytic Activity for Ethanol Electrooxidation","authors":"Hilman Syafei, Dwi Giwang Kurniawan","doi":"10.56425/cma.v2i1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56425/cma.v2i1.50","url":null,"abstract":"Platinum is often used as a catalyst in ethanol electrooxidation. Still, it has many disadvantages being expensive and its active site can be poisoned by CO. Transition metal of Co and Ni can become a catalyst in alcohol electrooxidation at a lower cost to synthesize. In this work, bimetallic CoNi were successfully prepared by electrodeposition method with different Co/Ni ratios to enhance ethanol electrooxidation. Samples of CoNi are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD diffractogram confirmed the formation of CoNi. Morphology of CoNi in SEM characterization showed that CoNi with ratio 5:1 has the more dispersed particle and the greatest surface area. EDX characterization indicated that the relative weight of different Co/Ni ratios, the composition wt.% Co is 81.15% and wt.% Ni is 18.85% in CoNi 5:1, wt.% Co is 60.96% and wt.% Ni is 30.94% in CoNi 2:5, while wt.% Co is 50.19%, and wt.% Ni is 49.81% in CoNi 5:5. EIS characterization showed that CoNi with ratio of 5:1 has faster electron kinetics. Electrooxidation of ethanol used cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The best results from the ethanol electrooxidation reaction were obtained for CoNi with a ratio of 5:1 because of the greatest surface area that showed in scanning electron microscopy and fast electron transfer kinetics compared to others ratio of CoxNiy.","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78615402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, the electrooxidation of ethanol was catalyzed using Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu/CoNi heterostructure syntesized using an electrodeposition method. Potential deposition of CoNi cocatalyst was varied to obtain the highest photoelectrochemical performance and photocatalytic activity of Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu/CoNi. The photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalytic activity investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, and cyclic voltammetry. The increase of deposition potential from -1.3 V to -1.75 V increased the ethanol oxidation reaction. Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu/CoNi -1.75 V electrode showed superior photocatalytic activity for the ethanol electrooxidation compared to other electrodes. This photocatalyst showed a high photocurrent density of 22.47 mA/cm2. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry tests up to 100 cycles indicated that CoNi deposition potential at -2 V increased the long-term stability of the photocatalyst against the poisoning species than other electrodes. The fraction of CoNi enhanced CO tolerance and contributed to the higher specific activity towards ethanol electrooxidation. An excess number of CoNi at -2 V was found to decrease photocatalytic activity but increase the photostability of the material.
本研究采用电沉积法合成掺锌cu20 - cu /CoNi异质结构，催化乙醇的电氧化反应。通过改变钴离子共催化剂的电位沉积，获得了zn掺杂Cu2O-Cu/CoNi的最高光电化学性能和光催化活性。利用电化学阻抗谱、线性扫描伏安法和循环伏安法研究了其光化学性质和光催化活性。沉积电位从-1.3 V增加到-1.75 V，使乙醇氧化反应加快。与其他电极相比，掺杂锌的cu20 - cu /CoNi -1.75 V电极对乙醇电氧化表现出优异的光催化活性。该光催化剂具有22.47 mA/cm2的高光电流密度。此外，循环伏安测试表明，-2 V的CoNi沉积电位比其他电极提高了光催化剂对中毒物质的长期稳定性。CoNi组分增强了对CO的耐受性，并有助于提高乙醇电氧化比活性。在-2 V下过量的CoNi会降低材料的光催化活性，但会增加材料的光稳定性。
{"title":"Electrodeposition of CoNi Cocatalyst to Enhance Ethanol Electrooxidation of Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu Photocatalyst","authors":"Alfian Putra Utama, Afrizal","doi":"10.56425/cma.v2i1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56425/cma.v2i1.44","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the electrooxidation of ethanol was catalyzed using Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu/CoNi heterostructure syntesized using an electrodeposition method. Potential deposition of CoNi cocatalyst was varied to obtain the highest photoelectrochemical performance and photocatalytic activity of Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu/CoNi. The photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalytic activity investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, and cyclic voltammetry. The increase of deposition potential from -1.3 V to -1.75 V increased the ethanol oxidation reaction. Zn-doped Cu2O-Cu/CoNi -1.75 V electrode showed superior photocatalytic activity for the ethanol electrooxidation compared to other electrodes. This photocatalyst showed a high photocurrent density of 22.47 mA/cm2. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry tests up to 100 cycles indicated that CoNi deposition potential at -2 V increased the long-term stability of the photocatalyst against the poisoning species than other electrodes. The fraction of CoNi enhanced CO tolerance and contributed to the higher specific activity towards ethanol electrooxidation. An excess number of CoNi at -2 V was found to decrease photocatalytic activity but increase the photostability of the material.","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82717354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles were successfully prepared using square wave pulse deposition technique by varying the upper potential. The X-ray energy dispersive spectrum pattern confirmed the formation of Pt nanoparticles on the fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrate. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the potential of 0.60 V was able to produced a large number of Pt particles with a unique morphology. The ethanol electrooxidation test conducted using cyclic voltammetry showed that Pt0.60v has the lowest charge transfer resistance value showing high catalytic activity which could be associated to the increase of particle number and its active sites that activated the redox reactions in the system.
{"title":"The Effect of Deposition Potential on the Electrodeposition of Platinum Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electrooxidation","authors":"Amelia Sabella, Reyhan Syifa, Nandita Annisa Dwiyana","doi":"10.56425/cma.v1i3.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56425/cma.v1i3.46","url":null,"abstract":"Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles were successfully prepared using square wave pulse deposition technique by varying the upper potential. The X-ray energy dispersive spectrum pattern confirmed the formation of Pt nanoparticles on the fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrate. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the potential of 0.60 V was able to produced a large number of Pt particles with a unique morphology. The ethanol electrooxidation test conducted using cyclic voltammetry showed that Pt0.60v has the lowest charge transfer resistance value showing high catalytic activity which could be associated to the increase of particle number and its active sites that activated the redox reactions in the system.","PeriodicalId":9724,"journal":{"name":"chemistry and materials research","volume":"2 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89950846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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