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Cracking Optimization of Palmitic Acid Using Fe3+ Modified Natural Mordenite for Producing Aviation Fuel Compounds 用Fe3+改性天然丝光沸石优化棕榈酸裂解制备航空燃料化合物
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.23939/chcht17.03.625
Abdulloh Abdulloh, Ulfa Rahmah, Ahmadi Jaya Permana, Achmad Affan Mahdy, Titah Aldila Budiastanti, Mochamad Zakki Fahmi
Natural mordenite from Turen village Malang district Indonesia has been modified to Fe3+-mordenite for heterogenous catalyst in cracking process of palmitic acid to produce Aviation fuel components. Cation exchange method has been used in mordenite modification using FeCl3. The Fe3+-mordenite was characterized by structure analysis, Fe content, Si/Al ratio, number of acid sites, pore size, pore volume, and surface area. The catalytic performances, conversion, and selectivity were measured at 583 K by GC-MS for 1, 2, and 3 hours. The high content of Fe in mordenite has larger Brønsted-Lewis’s acid site, pore volume and surface area than the natural mordenite. The crystal structure of Fe3+-mordenite is still the same with natural mordenite. The Fe3+-mordenite also has a smaller pore size than the natural mordenite. In cracking process of palmitic acid, Fe3+-mordenite performed 61.94 % of conversion and 92.90 %, which produced aviation fuel compounds, namely alkanes, alkene, cycloalkane and aromatic.
将印尼玛琅土仁村天然丝光沸石改性为Fe3+-丝光沸石,在棕榈酸裂解生产航空燃料组分过程中用作多相催化剂。阳离子交换法应用于FeCl3对丝光沸石的改性。通过结构分析、Fe含量、Si/Al比、酸位数、孔径、孔体积和比表面积等指标对Fe3+丝光沸石进行表征。采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定了在583 K下1、2和3小时的催化性能、转化率和选择性。高铁含量的丝光沸石比天然丝光沸石具有更大的Brønsted-Lewis酸位点、孔隙体积和比表面积。Fe3+-丝光沸石的晶体结构仍与天然丝光沸石相同。Fe3+-丝光沸石的孔径也比天然丝光沸石小。在棕榈酸裂解过程中,Fe3+-丝光沸石的转化率为61.94%,转化率为92.90%,生成了烷烃、烯烃、环烷烃和芳烃等航空燃料化合物。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Powder Diffractometry for Assessment of the Qualitative Composition of Components in a Pharmaceutical Formulation 红外光谱法和x射线粉末衍射法在评价药物制剂中成分定性组成中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.23939/chcht17.03.510
Maryna Stasevych, Viktor Zvarych, Mykhailo Dronik, Martyn Sozanskyi, Semen Khomyak
A qualitative assessment of a new four-component pharmaceutical composition has been carried out using the methods of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry. Qualitative characteristics for the identification of mixture components by absorption bands in infrared spectra and characteristic peaks by positions on the scattering angle 2θ scale in diffractograms were determined. It was experimentally confirmed that the quantitative content of benzocaine and procaine hydrochloride in the mixture without diclofenac sodium decreased by two times compared to their content in the mixture with it. Original infrared spectra and X-ray diffractograms of the new pharmaceutical composition with diclofenac sodium, which can be used for its identification, are presented.
采用红外光谱法和x射线粉末衍射法对一种新型四组分药物组合物进行了定性评价。确定了红外光谱吸收带鉴别混合组分的定性特征和衍射图中散射角2θ尺度上特征峰的位置。实验证实,不加双氯芬酸钠的混合物中苯佐卡因和盐酸普鲁卡因的定量含量比加双氯芬酸钠的混合物中含量降低了2倍。本文给出了新药物组合物与双氯芬酸钠的原始红外光谱和x射线衍射图,可用于鉴别。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Potassium Humate on the Technological Aging Processes of Oxidized Petroleum Bitumen 腐植酸钾对氧化石油沥青工艺老化过程的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.23939/chcht17.03.681
Myroslava Donchenko, Oleg Grynyshyn, Yuriy Demchuk, Petro Topilnytskyy, Yuriy Turba
The possibility of using potassium humate as an inhibitor of the technological aging of oxidized petro-leum bitumen has been investigated. Samples of potas-sium humate obtained from various raw materials, in particular peat and leonardite, were selected and compared. Aging coefficients have been calculated and operational properties of modified bitumen as a binding material for hot mix asphalt have been investigated. It was established that 3.0 wt. % of PH-3 added to oxidized petroleum bitumen, slows down the technological aging processes and allows obtaining asphalt concrete with better characteristics compared to the coating made on the basis of unmodified bitumen.
探讨了腐植酸钾作为石油沥青氧化工艺老化抑制剂的可能性。选择并比较了从各种原料,特别是泥炭和褐煤中获得的腐植酸钾样品。计算了改性沥青的老化系数,研究了改性沥青作为热混合沥青粘结材料的使用性能。结果表明,在氧化石油沥青中加入3.0 wt. %的PH-3,可以减缓工艺老化过程,与未改性沥青制成的涂层相比,可以获得性能更好的沥青混凝土。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Rubber Crumb Obtained from Waste Car Tires for the Production of Road Bitumen and Roofing Materials from Residues of Ukrainian Oil Processing 利用废旧汽车轮胎橡胶屑生产道路沥青和乌克兰石油加工残渣生产屋面材料
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.23939/chcht17.03.674
Andriy Nagurskyy, Oleg Grynyshyn, Yuriy Khlibyshyn, Bohdan Korchak
The process of modifying road bitumen obtained from the residues of Ukrainian oils processing with rubber crumb has been studied. The dependence of the softening temperature, ductility, penetration, and elasticity of the three-component bituminous composition “bitumen : linseed oil : rubber crumb” on its formulation has been examined. Based on the mentioned composition a new type of cold-applied bitumen roofing has been developed. A process flow diagram for the production of modified bitumen and special-purpose bituminous composition has been developed.
研究了用橡胶屑加工乌克兰油品残渣改性道路沥青的工艺。研究了沥青-亚麻籽油-橡胶屑三组分沥青组合物的软化温度、延展性、渗透性和弹性与配方的关系。在此基础上研制了一种新型冷敷沥青屋面材料。编制了改性沥青和专用沥青组合物的生产工艺流程图。
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引用次数: 0
Compositions of Arylalicyclic Copolyimide with Alkylated Monthmorillonite 芳脂环共聚亚胺与烷基化月脱石的组成
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.23939/chcht17.03.601
Maira Umerzakova, Talkybek Jumadilov, Ruslan Kondaurov, Rakhima Sarieva
The results of studies on the preparation and study of the properties of composite materials based on compositions of arylalicyclic copolyimide and alkylated montmorillonite (AMM) modified with polyethylene glycol to increase the affinity of a natural mineral to polymer matrix are presented in the work. It was found that an increase in the compatibility of composition’s components is due to the addition to copolyimide solution of previously prepared mixture of alkylated montmorillonite in 5 % and 2 % polyethylene glycol solution in methylpyrrolidone. Based on IR-spectroscopy of the obtained mixtures and literature data, an assumption about specified composition mechanism was made. Compounds of copolyimide compositions with modified montmorillonite were determined. Found that the total content of alkylated montmorillonite and polyethylene glycol should not exceed 12.5 wt. % in the case of copolyimide – 1 wt. % and in case of copolyimide-2 – 4 wt. %. The optimal conditions for obtaining on their basis transparent composite films with a smooth surface by a mechanical mixing method are found. Their basic thermodestructive and mechanical properties were determined. It was shown that the materials have high thermodestructive and strength properties: the temperature of decomposition onset is 409-421°C, the tensile strength is in the range of 140-168 MPa. The best thermodestructive properties and tensile strength are possessed by films obtained from ternary mixtures of the initial composition 87.5 SPI1 + 7 PEG + 5.5 AMM and 97 SPI2 + 2 PEG + 1 AMM, while the elasticity of the material remained at an acceptable level.
本文介绍了芳脂环共聚物和烷基化蒙脱土(AMM)经聚乙二醇改性的复合材料的制备和性能研究结果,以提高天然矿物对聚合物基体的亲和力。结果表明,将先前制备的烷基化蒙脱土(5%)和聚乙二醇(2%)混合溶液(甲基吡罗烷酮)加入到共亚胺溶液中,可以提高组合物各组分的相容性。根据所得混合物的红外光谱和文献数据,提出了特定组成机理的假设。测定了改性蒙脱土的共聚亚胺组成物。发现烷基化蒙脱土和聚乙二醇的总含量在共聚物- 1 wt. %和共聚物-2 - 4 wt. %的情况下不应超过12.5 wt. %。找到了在其基础上用机械混合法制备表面光滑透明复合薄膜的最佳条件。测定了它们的基本热破坏性能和力学性能。结果表明,该材料具有较高的热破坏性能和强度,分解起始温度为409 ~ 421℃,抗拉强度为140 ~ 168 MPa。由初始成分87.5 SPI1 + 7 PEG + 5.5 AMM和97 SPI2 + 2 PEG + 1 AMM组成的三元混合物获得的薄膜具有最佳的热破坏性能和抗拉强度,而材料的弹性保持在可接受的水平。
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引用次数: 0
Basicity and Nucleophilicity Effect in Charge Transfer of AlH3-Base Adducts: Theoretical Approach 碱性和亲核性在alh3碱加合物电荷转移中的作用:理论研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.23939/chcht17.02.221
Mohammed Aichi, Meriem Hafied
This study permits to explore the interactions involved in Lewis acid (AlH3) and Lewis bases: CO; H2O; NH3; PH3; PC13; H2S; CN–; OH–; O2–2; F–; N(CH3)3; N2; N2H4; N2H2; C5H5N; C6H5-NH2. By means of DFT theory calculations with B3LYP functional using 6-31G(d,p) basis set and in order to check the effects of both the donor and the acceptor in the establishment of the different adducts we focused mainly on the calculation of the energetic gap ∆EHOMO-LUMO, Gibbs energies ∆G, the angle (θ) in AlH3-base and the interaction energy values Einter. The several parameters of the reactivity (electrophilicity index (ω), nucleophilicity (N), chemical potential (μ), hardness (η), and polarizability (α)) are also calculated to define the weak interaction as well as to distinguish between the nucleophilicity and basicity of different Lewis bases. The results showed that the electronic charge transfer is estimated to be important in the systems where the interaction is established between Al and anionic bases, and the electron donor power is predictable for O–2, F–, OH–, and CN–. The pseudo-tetrahedral adduct arrangements depend on the parameter geometries (bond length interaction and θ angle) and Gibbs energies ∆G characterizing the main stability.
本研究允许探索路易斯酸(AlH3)和路易斯碱:CO;水;氨;PH3;PC13;硫化氢;CN -;哦- - - - - -;O2-2;F -;N (CH3) 3;氮气;N2H4;N2H2;C5H5N;C6H5-NH2。采用6-31G(d,p)基集,利用B3LYP泛函数进行DFT理论计算,为了检验供体和受体对不同加合物的建立的影响,我们主要计算了alh3碱的能差∆EHOMO-LUMO、吉布斯能∆G、角(θ)和相互作用能Einter。通过计算反应性的几个参数(亲电性指数(ω)、亲核性(N)、化学势(μ)、硬度(η)和极化率(α))来定义弱相互作用,并区分不同路易斯碱的亲核性和碱性。结果表明,在Al和阴离子碱之间建立相互作用的体系中,估计电子电荷转移是重要的,并且可以预测O-2, F -, OH -和CN -的电子供体功率。伪四面体加合物的排列取决于参数几何(键长、相互作用和θ角)和表征主稳定性的吉布斯能∆G。
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引用次数: 0
Densities, Excess Volumes, and Partial Molar Volumes of Butyl Methacrylate Solutions in Some Organic Solvents 某些有机溶剂中甲基丙烯酸丁酯溶液的密度、过量体积和部分摩尔体积
Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.23939/chcht17.01.001
Valentyn Serheyev
Densities and excess volumes of the binary systems of butyl methacrylate with acetonitrile; acetic acid, benzene, 1,2-dichlorethane, and hexane have been measured as a function of composition at 293 K and atmospheric pressure by pycnometric method. The measured excess volumes were correlated by polynomials. The partial molar volumes were calculated by experimental data.
甲基丙烯酸丁酯与乙腈二元体系的密度和过剩体积在293 K和常压条件下,用分光光度法测定了乙酸、苯、1,2-二氯乙烷和己烷的组成函数。测量的多余体积用多项式进行相关。根据实验数据计算偏摩尔体积。
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引用次数: 1
INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OFAKSHABULAK OIL 阿克沙布拉克油的成分和性质研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.52081/chchtj.2023.v02.i2.006
D.Zh Niyazova, I.D Espanova, A.A. Moldanazar, M.S. Serikbaev, M.G Bekkhozhaev
Annotation. With the help of modern methods of physico-chemical analysis, the physicochemical properties, origin and fractional compositionof the Akshabulak oil field were studied. Using adsorption column chromatography, the oil was purified from asphaltenes and resins contained in it. The full composition of oil was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry and the content of compounds in it was calculated by internal normalization. The NIST-08 database was used as a library of Mass spectra. The origin of the oil was discovered, studied by the ratio of 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane to 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane on the obtained chromatogram. The proven oil was formed at the seabed off the coast by origin. The fractional composition of oil and the products obtained from it was studied by the method of simulated distillation. The heat of combustion of the products obtained and the octane number of gasoline obtained from oil were determined. The results obtained as a result of the study can be used in oil refining.
注释。运用现代物化分析方法,对阿克沙布拉克油田的物化性质、成因及组分进行了研究。采用吸附柱层析法,对油中沥青质和树脂进行了纯化。用色谱-质谱法测定了油的全部成分,用内归一化法计算了油中化合物的含量。使用NIST-08数据库作为质谱库。通过对得到的色谱图中2,6,10,14-四甲基十五烷与2,6,10,14-四甲基十六烷的比值,发现了油的来源。已探明的石油是在海岸附近的海底形成的。采用模拟蒸馏的方法,研究了油的馏分组成及其产品。测定了所得产物的燃烧热和汽油的辛烷值。研究结果可用于石油炼制。
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引用次数: 0
THE PROCESS OF EPOXIDATION OF COTTONSEED OIL WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 过氧化氢环氧化棉籽油的工艺研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.52081/chchtj.2023.v01.i1.001
R. Turmanov, I. Espanova, D.Zh. Niyazova, A.A. Moldanazar, A. Niyazbek
Каталитикалық комплекс сутегі пероксидті ортада аммоний вольфраматының ортофосфор қышқылымен әрекеттесуі кезінде in situ түзілді. Эпоксидтеу үрдісінде триоктилметиламмоний хлориді фазааралық тасымалдау агенті ретінде қарастырылды. Құрамында линолен қышқылы жоқ мақта майының эпоксидтенуі соя майымен салыстырғанда жоғары жылдамдықпен жүретіні көрсетілген, алынған өнімде эпоксидті оттегінің жоғары болуымен және қалдықта қанықпаған қосылыстың аз болуымен сипатталады.Вольфрам қышқылы тұздарының катионы өсімдік майының эпоксидтеу үрдісіне әсер ететіні анықталды. Аммоний вольфраматы жағдайында сутегі пероксиді жоғары жылдамдықпен жұмсалады, бұл үрдістің жоғары көрсеткіштерін сақтай отырып, каталитикалық кешен компоненттерінің мөлшерін азайтуға мүмкіндік береді. Үрдістің таңдалған оңтайлы жағдайында құрамында 6,6% эпоксидті оттегі бар және 3 г I2/100 г аз йод мөлшері бар эпоксидті мақта майы алынды, бұл коммерциялық эпоксидті соя майына қойылатын талаптарға сәйкес келеді. Фосфовольфрамат каталитикалық кешені ретінде натрий немесе аммоний вольфраматы, ортофосфор қышқылынан құралған компоненттер алынды. Фазааралық тасымалдау агенті ретінде триоктилметиламмоний хлориді қолданылды. Үрдістің жүру барысы реакция массасындағы сутегі пероксиді концентрациясының өзгеруіне байланысты бағаланды. Өнімнің сипаттамалары ТУ 0253-061-07510508-2001 нормативтік құжатына сәйкес бағаланды.
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引用次数: 0
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COORDINATION NUMBERS OF CRYSTAL LATCH PARAMETERS OF COMPLEX MIXED OXIDES 复杂混合氧化物晶体锁存参数配位数的关系
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.52081/chchtj.2023.v02.i2.007
MM Mataev,, M.A Nurbekova, Z.B Sarsenbayeva, B.B Kuandyk
Күрделі аралас оксидтердің кристаллографиялық көрсеткіштерін есептеу қосылыстардың физика-химиялық қасиеттерін түсіндіреді. Кубты сингонияда кристалданған торлары бар күрделі иондық кристалдардағы иондық радиустарының олардың кристалдық тор параметрлеріне тәуелділігі зерттелді. Кристалдық тордың тұрақтылығы туралы постулатты пайдалана отырып, флюорит құрылымды кубты кристалдардағы ион радиустары мен кристалдық тордың параметрі арасындағы қатынастар тәуелділігі көрсетілді. Күрделі висмутиттердің кристаллографиялық мәндерін бастапқы оксидтердің координациялық сандары мен иондық радиустарын есептеу арқылы шешілді. Алғаш рет изоқұрылысты күрделі висмутиттер қатарының кристалдық тор параметрлерін иондық радиустер арқылы есептеуге арналған теңдеуі қорытылып шығарылды. Координациялық сандар мен элементар ұяшықтар параметрлерін тәуелділігі арқылы байланыс ұзындығы анықталып, байланыстың түзілу шегін көрсететін байланыс кернеулігі есептелген.Координациялық сандар мен элементар ұяшықтар параметрлері тәуелділігі арқылы құрамындағы байланыстардың сипаты түсіндіріліп, байланыс кернеулігі мен байланыс ұзындықтары мәндері барлық қосылыстардың кристалдық торларының толығымен түзілетіндігін дәлелденді. Кристалды заттардың құрылымының тұрақтылық шегі, олардың кристалдық тор энергиясы болып саналады, күрделі аралас висмутитердің кристалдық торлар энергиясы Грушевицкий, Капустинский, Фереман әдістерімен анықталып, иондық радиус арасындағы тәуелділік көрсетіліп, тұрақты кристалды қосылыстар екендігі анықталды. Осы есептелген кристалдық торлар мәндерінің көмегімен көпкомпонентті жүйенің термодинамикалық функцияларын бағалауға болады.
否则将导致晶体活性氧化物受损,从而造成物理和化学损害。如果不想使用离子晶体,就不要使用晶体环参数。如果不想使用晶体参数,萤石立方体将被离子辐射体损坏,晶体参数将被晶体参数取代。请勿在晶体学或晶体学上使用铋剂,也不要使用铋剂 bastapky oxidterdin。这样做会导致晶体环参数损坏铋发射器,并损坏离子辐射计。请勿将设备放置在带附则的协调设备和元素参数器之上,也请勿将附则放置在带附则的参数器或元素参数器之上。如果设备损坏或以任何方式受损,这样做可能会导致火灾或触电、不要将设备放在水晶灯罩上。这样做可能会导致设备损坏,或者设备可能会对晶体环的晶体能量造成损害,从而导致格鲁舍维茨基晶体能量受损、Kapustinsky、Feremann、arasyndagy 的离子半径和晶体的离子半径以及晶体能量。在使用晶体时,观察各成分的热力学功能非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Chemistry and Chemical Technology
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