This study involved investigation and comparison of the capacity of garlic and ginger particles in adsorption of lead, cadmium and chromium ions from contaminated water. This was motivated by the perennial contamination of well water by crude oil, which carried alongside heavy metals from earth surface and other sources in contact with it while discharging from oil facilities to the subsurface region. Heavy metal analysis on the well water and crude oil from the polluted site showed high level of heavy contamination. Effect of initial concentration of heavy metals, adsorbents dosage and contact time on adsorption of the lead, cadmium and chromium ions in aqueous solution by garlic and ginger particles were studied. Garlic and ginger particles adsorption process was studied using Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. Also, to describe the kinetics of the adsorption process, the Pseudo first and second order kinetics as well as the intra-particle diffusion kinetics were used to study the experimental data. The analysis showed that the percentage of lead, cadmium and chromium ions adsorbed by garlic and ginger particles decreased as the initial concentration of metals in solution and contact time were increased. Similarly, the percentage of lead, cadmium or chromium ions adsorbed by the garlic and ginger particles at equilibrium increased as adsorbent dosages was increased due to increased effective surface area of the adsorbent. Equilibrium was attained at about 60 minutes with either garlic or ginger particles. However, garlic particles adsorbed the heavy metals more than the particles of ginger at all conditions. Also, it was observed that lead ion has more affinity to both garlic and ginger particles followed by cadmium ion. The adsorption of lead, cadmium and chromium ions were better explained by the Langmuir isotherm model than the Temkin’s isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity for lead, cadmium and chromium ions with garlic particles were 3.9308 mg/g, 3.3223 mg/g and 1.992 mg/g while that of ginger particles were 2.9011 mg/g, 2.3121 mg/g and 1.9543 mg/g respectively. The adsorption of lead, cadmium and chromium ions in the solution of both adsorbents revealed that diffusion and chemisorptions occurred in the adsorption process, which was best fitted in the Pseudo second order kinetics. Indicating that the Pseudo second order kinetics was the rate controlling step, and thus, will predict accurately the concentration of metal ions adsorbed. Conclusively, the garlic and ginger particles showed capacity for the removal of lead, cadmium and chromium in aqueous solution, and therefore are recommended for use in adsorption of heavy metals in wastewater. Keywords : Garlic, Ginger, Heavy metals, Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetics DOI : 10.7176/CPER/60-04 Publication date :March 31 st 2019
{"title":"Kinetic Study of Garlic and Ginger Particles in Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Aqueous Solution","authors":"K. Dagde, Jonah Igwe Ndaka","doi":"10.7176/cper/60-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cper/60-04","url":null,"abstract":"This study involved investigation and comparison of the capacity of garlic and ginger particles in adsorption of lead, cadmium and chromium ions from contaminated water. This was motivated by the perennial contamination of well water by crude oil, which carried alongside heavy metals from earth surface and other sources in contact with it while discharging from oil facilities to the subsurface region. Heavy metal analysis on the well water and crude oil from the polluted site showed high level of heavy contamination. Effect of initial concentration of heavy metals, adsorbents dosage and contact time on adsorption of the lead, cadmium and chromium ions in aqueous solution by garlic and ginger particles were studied. Garlic and ginger particles adsorption process was studied using Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. Also, to describe the kinetics of the adsorption process, the Pseudo first and second order kinetics as well as the intra-particle diffusion kinetics were used to study the experimental data. The analysis showed that the percentage of lead, cadmium and chromium ions adsorbed by garlic and ginger particles decreased as the initial concentration of metals in solution and contact time were increased. Similarly, the percentage of lead, cadmium or chromium ions adsorbed by the garlic and ginger particles at equilibrium increased as adsorbent dosages was increased due to increased effective surface area of the adsorbent. Equilibrium was attained at about 60 minutes with either garlic or ginger particles. However, garlic particles adsorbed the heavy metals more than the particles of ginger at all conditions. Also, it was observed that lead ion has more affinity to both garlic and ginger particles followed by cadmium ion. The adsorption of lead, cadmium and chromium ions were better explained by the Langmuir isotherm model than the Temkin’s isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity for lead, cadmium and chromium ions with garlic particles were 3.9308 mg/g, 3.3223 mg/g and 1.992 mg/g while that of ginger particles were 2.9011 mg/g, 2.3121 mg/g and 1.9543 mg/g respectively. The adsorption of lead, cadmium and chromium ions in the solution of both adsorbents revealed that diffusion and chemisorptions occurred in the adsorption process, which was best fitted in the Pseudo second order kinetics. Indicating that the Pseudo second order kinetics was the rate controlling step, and thus, will predict accurately the concentration of metal ions adsorbed. Conclusively, the garlic and ginger particles showed capacity for the removal of lead, cadmium and chromium in aqueous solution, and therefore are recommended for use in adsorption of heavy metals in wastewater. Keywords : Garlic, Ginger, Heavy metals, Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetics DOI : 10.7176/CPER/60-04 Publication date :March 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":9769,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85965996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we will establish a mathematical model with the help of second order differential equations by assuming that the rate of change of percentage germination loss with respect to grain infestation is proportional to germination loss. We have selected entomological data for our problem to be in the paper. The model is useful for better management of storage of grains and it will reduce the storage losses of grains under the consideration of various parameters like moisture, humidity etc. Keywords: Germination loss , Infestation loss , Grains , Storage system etc. DOI : 10.7176/CPER/61-03 Publication date : April 30 th 2019
{"title":"Mathematical Model Describing Effect of S.Cerella on Paddy in the Environmental Ecosystem","authors":"R. Yadav, Priyanka","doi":"10.7176/cper/61-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cper/61-03","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we will establish a mathematical model with the help of second order differential equations by assuming that the rate of change of percentage germination loss with respect to grain infestation is proportional to germination loss. We have selected entomological data for our problem to be in the paper. The model is useful for better management of storage of grains and it will reduce the storage losses of grains under the consideration of various parameters like moisture, humidity etc. Keywords: Germination loss , Infestation loss , Grains , Storage system etc. DOI : 10.7176/CPER/61-03 Publication date : April 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":9769,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88797666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-24DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.65.2017.41.13.24
K. Adedeji, A. .. Yussouff, S. A. Adebanjo, W. Raji
{"title":"Production Processing for the Beneficiation of Waste Polythylene Product","authors":"K. Adedeji, A. .. Yussouff, S. A. Adebanjo, W. Raji","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.65.2017.41.13.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.65.2017.41.13.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9769,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90326506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-14DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.65.2017.41.1.12
Duduyemi Oladejo, P. Ngoddy, Ade-omowaye B.I.O, A. O. Abioye
Cassava chips with dimension 5x2x0.4cm were dried at 60 0 C, 70 0 C and 80 0 C in a laboratory tunnel dryer. Kinetics of drying was investigated using Fick’s second law. Drying pattern was observed to be in the falling rate period. Non linear regression analysis was used to fit in the experimental data and the coefficient of determination was found to be greater than 0.97 for all the models. The values of R 2 , RMSE, MBE and reduced chi square showed that Logarithm model best described the drying behaviour of the samples. The value of activation energy was found to be 30kJ/mol Key word : cassava chips, tunnel dryer, drying, modelling
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Osmotic Dehydration of Fruits and Vegetables: Using Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) and Carrot (Daucus Carota L) in a Semi-Continuous Process","authors":"Duduyemi Oladejo, P. Ngoddy, Ade-omowaye B.I.O, A. O. Abioye","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.65.2017.41.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.65.2017.41.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava chips with dimension 5x2x0.4cm were dried at 60 0 C, 70 0 C and 80 0 C in a laboratory tunnel dryer. Kinetics of drying was investigated using Fick’s second law. Drying pattern was observed to be in the falling rate period. Non linear regression analysis was used to fit in the experimental data and the coefficient of determination was found to be greater than 0.97 for all the models. The values of R 2 , RMSE, MBE and reduced chi square showed that Logarithm model best described the drying behaviour of the samples. The value of activation energy was found to be 30kJ/mol Key word : cassava chips, tunnel dryer, drying, modelling","PeriodicalId":9769,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87926194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-02DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2016.3.2/65.2.35.45
N. Shehata, M. S. El-Geundi, E. Ashour, Reda M. A. Abobeah
A study of the characteristics of clay from El-Sheikh Fadl Village, El-Minia governorate in Egypt has been carried out. A crucial factor in the applying clay as a low-cost adsorbent, however, is the understanding of the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and colloidal properties of these clays. The characteristics of texture such as surface area, pore volume, porosity, pore size distribution, particle shape and density were determined. The pore size distribution results showed that natural clay is predominantly mesoporous. The thermal behavior of clay was studied using differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis analysis. The X-Ray diffraction analysis was performed in order to determine the main constituents of the materials. The X-Ray diffraction analysis verified the presence of kaolinite, montmorillonite and quartz in the natural clay. Then clay was tested for infrared spectra, it confirm the presence of the constituents mentioned above. The structure and chemical composition, exchangeable ion type and small crystal size of montmorillonite are responsible for several properties, including a large chemically active surface area.
{"title":"Structural Characteristics of the Egyptian Clay as a Low-Cost Adsorbent","authors":"N. Shehata, M. S. El-Geundi, E. Ashour, Reda M. A. Abobeah","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2016.3.2/65.2.35.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2016.3.2/65.2.35.45","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the characteristics of clay from El-Sheikh Fadl Village, El-Minia governorate in Egypt has been carried out. A crucial factor in the applying clay as a low-cost adsorbent, however, is the understanding of the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and colloidal properties of these clays. The characteristics of texture such as surface area, pore volume, porosity, pore size distribution, particle shape and density were determined. The pore size distribution results showed that natural clay is predominantly mesoporous. The thermal behavior of clay was studied using differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis analysis. The X-Ray diffraction analysis was performed in order to determine the main constituents of the materials. The X-Ray diffraction analysis verified the presence of kaolinite, montmorillonite and quartz in the natural clay. Then clay was tested for infrared spectra, it confirm the presence of the constituents mentioned above. The structure and chemical composition, exchangeable ion type and small crystal size of montmorillonite are responsible for several properties, including a large chemically active surface area.","PeriodicalId":9769,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84432966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-02DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2016.3.3/65.3.46.55
F. AdepojuT., P. EyibioU., E. OlatunbosunB.
This research work dwells on the anaerobic digestions of rumen with Tithonia diversifolia (T. diversifolia) for biogas production. The anaerobic digestions of rumen with T. diversifolia was carried out for 30 days within the mesophilic temperature range (30.0 °C - 40.0 °C) using a digester with dimensions 50 cm x 25 cm. Results obtained indicated that the maximum biogas volume obtained was 7.05 x 10-3 m3 on 29th day. The temperature of the digestate remained constant throughout the fermentation period. The pH of the medium changes progressively from acidic to slightly alkaline (6.41 to 7.2). In order to estimate the statistical analysis, linear regression and correlation model were used, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was constructed. The coefficient of determination R2 with Prob>F=0.0001 was 0.7339, the regression parameters βO (intercept) and β1 (slope) were obtained as 6.05 x 10-6 and 1.942 x 10-3, respectively. The Root Mean Square Error (RSME) was 7.84 x 10 -5, the Sum of the Square Error (SSE) was 1.72 x 10-5, the total sum of the square error (SST) was 6.46 x 10-5 and regression of the square (SSR) was 4.74 x 10-6. The estimated regression function equation of biogas volume was expressed as y = 0.00000605239x + 0 .001941651. The physicochemical properties of the digester feedstock before and after the anaerobic digestion showed that the COD, ash content, organic carbon, total kjedahl nitrogen, pH increased after the anaerobic digestion while the total solids, volatile solids, aluminum, copper, iron, calcium and ammonia nitrogen decreased. The C/N ratio of the feedstock was approximately 4:1. The study showed that T. diversifolia with rumen can produce sufficient carbon that accelerated effective gas generation.
{"title":"Optimization Investigation of Biogas Potential of Tithonia Diversifolia as an Alternative Energy Source","authors":"F. AdepojuT., P. EyibioU., E. OlatunbosunB.","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2016.3.3/65.3.46.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2016.3.3/65.3.46.55","url":null,"abstract":"This research work dwells on the anaerobic digestions of rumen with Tithonia diversifolia (T. diversifolia) for biogas production. The anaerobic digestions of rumen with T. diversifolia was carried out for 30 days within the mesophilic temperature range (30.0 °C - 40.0 °C) using a digester with dimensions 50 cm x 25 cm. Results obtained indicated that the maximum biogas volume obtained was 7.05 x 10-3 m3 on 29th day. The temperature of the digestate remained constant throughout the fermentation period. The pH of the medium changes progressively from acidic to slightly alkaline (6.41 to 7.2). In order to estimate the statistical analysis, linear regression and correlation model were used, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was constructed. The coefficient of determination R2 with Prob>F=0.0001 was 0.7339, the regression parameters βO (intercept) and β1 (slope) were obtained as 6.05 x 10-6 and 1.942 x 10-3, respectively. The Root Mean Square Error (RSME) was 7.84 x 10 -5, the Sum of the Square Error (SSE) was 1.72 x 10-5, the total sum of the square error (SST) was 6.46 x 10-5 and regression of the square (SSR) was 4.74 x 10-6. The estimated regression function equation of biogas volume was expressed as y = 0.00000605239x + 0 .001941651. The physicochemical properties of the digester feedstock before and after the anaerobic digestion showed that the COD, ash content, organic carbon, total kjedahl nitrogen, pH increased after the anaerobic digestion while the total solids, volatile solids, aluminum, copper, iron, calcium and ammonia nitrogen decreased. The C/N ratio of the feedstock was approximately 4:1. The study showed that T. diversifolia with rumen can produce sufficient carbon that accelerated effective gas generation.","PeriodicalId":9769,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85697349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.18488/journal.65/2016.3.2/65.2.23.34
K. Dagde, Uduak Sylvanus Harry
A model to predict the behavior of an adiabatic tubular fixed-bed reactor for the production of dimethyl ether using alumina catalyst was developed. The steady state model incorporates the reaction rate kinetic expression obtained from literature into the model equations. The models were integrated numerically using Fourth-order Runge-Kutta method incorporated into a computer simulator (MATLAB 7.7 code). Model predictions are compared with data obtained from the literature under the same operating conditions and a good agreement is obtained with a variation ranging from 0.5% to 2.7%. The simulation results show that the production of dimethyl ether is greatly affected by parameters such as temperature, and feed flow rate with optimum yield of DME at a catalyst bed height of 2-4m at a temperature of 557 to 570K.
{"title":"Modeling of a Tubular Fixed-Bed Reactor for the Production of Dimethyl Ether Using Alumina Catalyst","authors":"K. Dagde, Uduak Sylvanus Harry","doi":"10.18488/journal.65/2016.3.2/65.2.23.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.65/2016.3.2/65.2.23.34","url":null,"abstract":"A model to predict the behavior of an adiabatic tubular fixed-bed reactor for the production of dimethyl ether using alumina catalyst was developed. The steady state model incorporates the reaction rate kinetic expression obtained from literature into the model equations. The models were integrated numerically using Fourth-order Runge-Kutta method incorporated into a computer simulator (MATLAB 7.7 code). Model predictions are compared with data obtained from the literature under the same operating conditions and a good agreement is obtained with a variation ranging from 0.5% to 2.7%. The simulation results show that the production of dimethyl ether is greatly affected by parameters such as temperature, and feed flow rate with optimum yield of DME at a catalyst bed height of 2-4m at a temperature of 557 to 570K.","PeriodicalId":9769,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86729885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2016.3.1/65.1.1.9
E. Mbadike, Okafor F.O, J. Agunwamba
The goal of producing concrete that provides long term durability with regard to properties such as strength and reduced susceptibility to alkali-silica reactions has led to the development of several high performance materials. In this research work, the effect of cellulose industrial residue in concrete matrix was investigated. A mix proportion of 1:1:6:3.2 with water-cement ratio of 0.47 were used. The percentage replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with cellulose industrial residue (CIR) is 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Concrete cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm of OPC/CIR were cast and cured at 3,7,28,60 and 90 days respectively. At the end of each hydration period, the three concrete cubes for each hydration period were crushed and their average compressive strength recorded. A total of ninety (90) concrete cubes was cast. The result of the compressive strength test for 5-40% replacement of cement with cellulose industrial residue ranges from 13.02-32.81 N/mm2 as against 25.60-42.08 for the controi test. Similarly, the setting time of 5-40% replacement of cement with CIR ranges from 61-118mins for the initial setting time and 620-836mins for the final setting time as against 52mins and 950mins for the initial and final setting time respectively for the control test (0% replacement). The result of the slump test for 5-40% replacement of cement with CIR ranges from 12-53mm as against 6mm for the control test. The major aim of this research work is to determine the effect of cellulose industrial residue when used at a certain replacement level of cement in concrete matrix.
{"title":"Effect of Incorporation of Cellulose Industrial Residue in Concrete Matrix","authors":"E. Mbadike, Okafor F.O, J. Agunwamba","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2016.3.1/65.1.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2016.3.1/65.1.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of producing concrete that provides long term durability with regard to properties such as strength and reduced susceptibility to alkali-silica reactions has led to the development of several high performance materials. In this research work, the effect of cellulose industrial residue in concrete matrix was investigated. A mix proportion of 1:1:6:3.2 with water-cement ratio of 0.47 were used. The percentage replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with cellulose industrial residue (CIR) is 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Concrete cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm of OPC/CIR were cast and cured at 3,7,28,60 and 90 days respectively. At the end of each hydration period, the three concrete cubes for each hydration period were crushed and their average compressive strength recorded. A total of ninety (90) concrete cubes was cast. The result of the compressive strength test for 5-40% replacement of cement with cellulose industrial residue ranges from 13.02-32.81 N/mm2 as against 25.60-42.08 for the controi test. Similarly, the setting time of 5-40% replacement of cement with CIR ranges from 61-118mins for the initial setting time and 620-836mins for the final setting time as against 52mins and 950mins for the initial and final setting time respectively for the control test (0% replacement). The result of the slump test for 5-40% replacement of cement with CIR ranges from 12-53mm as against 6mm for the control test. The major aim of this research work is to determine the effect of cellulose industrial residue when used at a certain replacement level of cement in concrete matrix.","PeriodicalId":9769,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84172841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.18488/journal.65/2016.3.1/65.1.10.22
K. Dagde, Emmanuel Kilsibari Kpalap
The design of the multi-component distillation column for processing of Bonny light crude is presented using advanced process simulation software (Aspen Hysys). The steady state design models were developed from Mesh equations and were used to obtain the design parameters based on the principle of conservation of mass and energy. The design parameters were column diameter, column cross sectional area, height of the column, downcomer area, hole area, weir length, wet area and tray spacing. The equations developed are capable of predicting compositions, partial pressures and temperature of the components of interest from the mixtures of crude oil. The accuracy of the design parameters were ascertained by comparing predicted results with literature data of a distillation unit. The simulation of the design models were performed using Aspen Hysys to obtain optimum values of the most significant variables/parameters (column diameters 1.558m, column height 17.048m, cross section area 1.907m2, downcomer area 0.229m2, tray spacing 0.5m, weir length 1.200m, hole area 0.191m2 and wet area 1.678m2). The result obtained from the steady state simulation shows that the feed flow rate, temperature and pressure influence the efficiency of the distillation column.
{"title":"Computer Aided Design of a Multi-Component Distillation Column for Processing of Nigerian Bonny Light Crude Oil","authors":"K. Dagde, Emmanuel Kilsibari Kpalap","doi":"10.18488/journal.65/2016.3.1/65.1.10.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.65/2016.3.1/65.1.10.22","url":null,"abstract":"The design of the multi-component distillation column for processing of Bonny light crude is presented using advanced process simulation software (Aspen Hysys). The steady state design models were developed from Mesh equations and were used to obtain the design parameters based on the principle of conservation of mass and energy. The design parameters were column diameter, column cross sectional area, height of the column, downcomer area, hole area, weir length, wet area and tray spacing. The equations developed are capable of predicting compositions, partial pressures and temperature of the components of interest from the mixtures of crude oil. The accuracy of the design parameters were ascertained by comparing predicted results with literature data of a distillation unit. The simulation of the design models were performed using Aspen Hysys to obtain optimum values of the most significant variables/parameters (column diameters 1.558m, column height 17.048m, cross section area 1.907m2, downcomer area 0.229m2, tray spacing 0.5m, weir length 1.200m, hole area 0.191m2 and wet area 1.678m2). The result obtained from the steady state simulation shows that the feed flow rate, temperature and pressure influence the efficiency of the distillation column.","PeriodicalId":9769,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72777048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2015.2.3/65.3.30.43
T. F. Adepoju, A. Okunola
In this research work, statistical approach (ANN and RSM) were used to optimize the transesterification of beniseed oil to beniseed methyl ester (BME). Analyses of an heterogeneous catalyst (Mangifera indica powdered) obtained from unripe Mangifera indica peels showed that the powder consist macro elements such as K (59.85%), Si (30.53%), Cl (4.58%), Al (3.05%) and Ca (1.05%) and micro elements such as P (0.196%), S (0.593%), Mn (0.043%), Fe (0.037%), Zn (0.008%), Rb (0.042%) and Sr (0.032%). ANN predicted optimal condition for Beniseed methyl ester produced was X1= 60.0 min, X2 = 1.0 wt.%, X3= 57 0C and X4 = 6.0. The predicted BME (94.40% (w/w)) under this condition was validated to be of 93.80 % (w/w). Meanwhile, RSM predicted 94.20% (w/w) at the following condition X1= 62.0 min, X2 = 0.9 wt. %, X3= 60 0C and X4 = 6.5 was validated as 92.80 % (w/w). The results obtained showed the superiority of ANN over RSM owing to its higher values of predicted value, RMSE, AAD, R2 and R2Adj. The fatty acid profile and the physicochemical properties of the BME indicated that, BME can serve as alternative fuel for conventional diesel.
{"title":"Modeling and Optimization of Transesterification of Beniseed Oil to Beniseed Methylester: A Case of Artificial Neural Network versus Response Surface Methodology","authors":"T. F. Adepoju, A. Okunola","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2015.2.3/65.3.30.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.65/2015.2.3/65.3.30.43","url":null,"abstract":"In this research work, statistical approach (ANN and RSM) were used to optimize the transesterification of beniseed oil to beniseed methyl ester (BME). Analyses of an heterogeneous catalyst (Mangifera indica powdered) obtained from unripe Mangifera indica peels showed that the powder consist macro elements such as K (59.85%), Si (30.53%), Cl (4.58%), Al (3.05%) and Ca (1.05%) and micro elements such as P (0.196%), S (0.593%), Mn (0.043%), Fe (0.037%), Zn (0.008%), Rb (0.042%) and Sr (0.032%). ANN predicted optimal condition for Beniseed methyl ester produced was X1= 60.0 min, X2 = 1.0 wt.%, X3= 57 0C and X4 = 6.0. The predicted BME (94.40% (w/w)) under this condition was validated to be of 93.80 % (w/w). Meanwhile, RSM predicted 94.20% (w/w) at the following condition X1= 62.0 min, X2 = 0.9 wt. %, X3= 60 0C and X4 = 6.5 was validated as 92.80 % (w/w). The results obtained showed the superiority of ANN over RSM owing to its higher values of predicted value, RMSE, AAD, R2 and R2Adj. The fatty acid profile and the physicochemical properties of the BME indicated that, BME can serve as alternative fuel for conventional diesel.","PeriodicalId":9769,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75102781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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