Pub Date : 2015-06-29DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000154
Zoheb Karim, Sadaf Afrin
The exploration of biological polymer is a new interest due to its favorable properties used in biomedical and clinical applications. Within the used biopolymer, cellulose emerged as a most exploitable functional material at nanoscale. Working with nanosize cellulose, provides some additional advantages compare to other manmade functional polymers. The fabrication of cellulosic scaffold as a platform for growth and development of cells is a thrust area of tissue engineering but this fabricated scaffold needs to have some fundamental prerequisite before implantation in donor. Thus, this short report discusses about the NC based scaffolds for the growth and development of cells and tissue. The main focus is on derived wood and microbial NCs. Thereafter; some interesting examples will be discussed to understand the necessity of cellulose-based supports in tissue engineering field.
{"title":"Nanocellulose as Novel Supportive Functional Material for Growth and Development of Cells","authors":"Zoheb Karim, Sadaf Afrin","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000154","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration of biological polymer is a new interest due to its favorable properties used in biomedical and clinical applications. Within the used biopolymer, cellulose emerged as a most exploitable functional material at nanoscale. Working with nanosize cellulose, provides some additional advantages compare to other manmade functional polymers. The fabrication of cellulosic scaffold as a platform for growth and development of cells is a thrust area of tissue engineering but this fabricated scaffold needs to have some fundamental prerequisite before implantation in donor. Thus, this short report discusses about the NC based scaffolds for the growth and development of cells and tissue. The main focus is on derived wood and microbial NCs. Thereafter; some interesting examples will be discussed to understand the necessity of cellulose-based supports in tissue engineering field.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90457754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-04DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000153
A. C. Nwuzo, O. Ogbu, R. IrohaI., E. Okonkwo, F. OkohN, N. Alom, C. UhuoA, N. AfiukwaF, D. Ilang
A total of 150 blood samples were collected from Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients who visited selected hospitals in Ebonyi State. The subjects were made up of 57 males and 93 female patients. The blood samples were screened for the presence of four human malaria parasites using parasitological examination of blood stained films and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Of the 150 positive individuals, 75(50%) blood samples were positive for malaria ( P. falciparum ). The comparison of blood films microscopy and PCR results were evaluated thus, 88 malaria positive cases recorded a prevalence of 58.68% for malaria parasites by PCR analysis while the overall prevalence of malaria infections by microscopy gave 50% prevalence. However, there were a number of disagreements in the identification of Plasmodium species by these two methods. Ten (6.67%) subjects were identified by PCR to be infected by P. malariae while blood film microscopy yielded 4(2.67%). Microscopy gave 70(46.67%) malaria positive cases of P. falciparum while PCR analysis yielded 75(50%). Two percent of the subjects screened were determined to be a mixed infection of P.falciparum and P. malariae by PCR while microscopy result revealed 0.67% prevalence. Therefore, PCR examination proves more sensitive than the parasitological technique used in malaria parasite studies.
{"title":"Genotypic Speciation of Four Plasmodium among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Individuals Attending HIV Clinics in Abakaliki, South-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"A. C. Nwuzo, O. Ogbu, R. IrohaI., E. Okonkwo, F. OkohN, N. Alom, C. UhuoA, N. AfiukwaF, D. Ilang","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000153","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 150 blood samples were collected from Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients who visited selected hospitals in Ebonyi State. The subjects were made up of 57 males and 93 female patients. The blood samples were screened for the presence of four human malaria parasites using parasitological examination of blood stained films and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Of the 150 positive individuals, 75(50%) blood samples were positive for malaria ( P. falciparum ). The comparison of blood films microscopy and PCR results were evaluated thus, 88 malaria positive cases recorded a prevalence of 58.68% for malaria parasites by PCR analysis while the overall prevalence of malaria infections by microscopy gave 50% prevalence. However, there were a number of disagreements in the identification of Plasmodium species by these two methods. Ten (6.67%) subjects were identified by PCR to be infected by P. malariae while blood film microscopy yielded 4(2.67%). Microscopy gave 70(46.67%) malaria positive cases of P. falciparum while PCR analysis yielded 75(50%). Two percent of the subjects screened were determined to be a mixed infection of P.falciparum and P. malariae by PCR while microscopy result revealed 0.67% prevalence. Therefore, PCR examination proves more sensitive than the parasitological technique used in malaria parasite studies.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73225664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-03DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000152
Abay Burusie, N. Deyessa
Background: HIV Mother-to-child transmission is the second most common mode of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa which includes Ethiopia. However; there is little study on determinants of mother-to-child HIV transmission in the country. Objective: To assess determinants of Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission. Methods: A case-control study on infants who were born to HIV positive mothers was conducted in Assela, Adama and Bishoftu Hospitals. One hundred and six HIV infected (cases) and 318 not infected infants (controls) were selected by stratified random sampling method. Results: Mothers who knew their HIV sero-positivity during pregnancy and after delivery were found significantly more likely to transmit HIV to their babies compared with those who knew before getting pregnant (AOR [95% CI] = 4.71 [ 1.39-15.93 ] and 4.46 [1.40-16.22]), respectively. Similarly, mothers who took Zidovudine prophylaxis for < 4 weeks and no Zidovudine prophylaxis at all during pregnancy were found significantly more likely to transmit (AOR [95% CI] = 13.29 [2.34-75.33] and 15.63 [3.29-74.26]), respectively. Likewise, Mothers with CD4 cell count < 200 and 201-500 cells/μl during lactation were found significantly more likely to transmit (AOR [95% CI] = 7.65 [3.20-18.31] and 4. 07 [1.90-8.71]), respectively. Mother who had cracked nipple/mastitis while lactating and who were practicing mixed feeding were also found significantly more likely to transmit (AOR [95% CI] = 13.05 [1.23-138.21] and 3.55 [1.62-7.78]), in that order. On the other hand, infants who were given Zidovudine for 28 days or 7 days after birth were found significantly less likely to contract HIV than single done Nevirapine given ones (AOR [95% CI] = 0.19 [0.07-0.48]. Conclusions: Knowing HIV sero-positivity before getting pregnant, longer duration of Zidovudine prophylaxis during pregnancy, extended prophylaxis to infant with Zidovudine, higher maternal CD4 cell count and healthy maternal breast while lactating and exclusive breastfeeding were found significantly protective of HIV mother-to-child transmission.
{"title":"Determinants of Mother to Child HIV Transmission (HIV MTCT); A Case Control Study in Assela, Adama and Bishoftu Hospitals, Oromia Regional State,Ethiopia","authors":"Abay Burusie, N. Deyessa","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000152","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV Mother-to-child transmission is the second most common mode of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa which includes Ethiopia. However; there is little study on determinants of mother-to-child HIV transmission in the country. \u0000Objective: To assess determinants of Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission. \u0000Methods: A case-control study on infants who were born to HIV positive mothers was conducted in Assela, Adama and Bishoftu Hospitals. One hundred and six HIV infected (cases) and 318 not infected infants (controls) were selected by stratified random sampling method. \u0000Results: Mothers who knew their HIV sero-positivity during pregnancy and after delivery were found significantly more likely to transmit HIV to their babies compared with those who knew before getting pregnant (AOR [95% CI] = 4.71 [ 1.39-15.93 ] and 4.46 [1.40-16.22]), respectively. Similarly, mothers who took Zidovudine prophylaxis for < 4 weeks and no Zidovudine prophylaxis at all during pregnancy were found significantly more likely to transmit (AOR [95% CI] = 13.29 [2.34-75.33] and 15.63 [3.29-74.26]), respectively. Likewise, Mothers with CD4 cell count < 200 and 201-500 cells/μl during lactation were found significantly more likely to transmit (AOR [95% CI] = 7.65 [3.20-18.31] and 4. 07 [1.90-8.71]), respectively. Mother who had cracked nipple/mastitis while lactating and who were practicing mixed feeding were also found significantly more likely to transmit (AOR [95% CI] = 13.05 [1.23-138.21] and 3.55 [1.62-7.78]), in that order. On the other hand, infants who were given Zidovudine for 28 days or 7 days after birth were found significantly less likely to contract HIV than single done Nevirapine given ones (AOR [95% CI] = 0.19 [0.07-0.48]. \u0000Conclusions: Knowing HIV sero-positivity before getting pregnant, longer duration of Zidovudine prophylaxis during pregnancy, extended prophylaxis to infant with Zidovudine, higher maternal CD4 cell count and healthy maternal breast while lactating and exclusive breastfeeding were found significantly protective of HIV mother-to-child transmission.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81750934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-16DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000151
P. Arpitha
Although several cellular and immune based therapies are available, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is gaining importance due to its functional ability to accelerate and promote apoptosis of tumour cells. The ionized jet of plasma has been shown to selectively obliterate the tumour cells while leaving the normal healthy cells unaltered. This important property of CAP has been studied in vitro and in vivo. However, there are very few reports and scientific advancements to address the mechanism by which CAP induces cell death. The cellular and molecular mechanisms triggering the events have not been well understood. While changes in the redox potential may be a factor, the role of receptors, cell adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines and the apoptotic proteins and various downstream signalling targets are currently being studied. New findings have suggested that the CAP activated medium itself serves as a source for cell stress induced changes in redox potential. It is interesting that CAP may induce the activation of specific receptors, cytokines that may induce cell death. The field of biomarker discovery in combination with CAP may serve as therapeutics treatments for solid tumours and for treatments in cancer biology. Therefore, application of CAP for the purpose of human therapeutics in treatment for cancer serves as a new biomedical intervention that can replace-to-reduce the chemotherapeutic targets.
{"title":"Cold Atmospheric Plasma as an Alternative Therapy for Cancer Treatment","authors":"P. Arpitha","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000151","url":null,"abstract":"Although several cellular and immune based therapies are available, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is gaining importance due to its functional ability to accelerate and promote apoptosis of tumour cells. The ionized jet of plasma has been shown to selectively obliterate the tumour cells while leaving the normal healthy cells unaltered. This important property of CAP has been studied in vitro and in vivo. However, there are very few reports and scientific advancements to address the mechanism by which CAP induces cell death. The cellular and molecular mechanisms triggering the events have not been well understood. While changes in the redox potential may be a factor, the role of receptors, cell adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines and the apoptotic proteins and various downstream signalling targets are currently being studied. New findings have suggested that the CAP activated medium itself serves as a source for cell stress induced changes in redox potential. It is interesting that CAP may induce the activation of specific receptors, cytokines that may induce cell death. The field of biomarker discovery in combination with CAP may serve as therapeutics treatments for solid tumours and for treatments in cancer biology. Therefore, application of CAP for the purpose of human therapeutics in treatment for cancer serves as a new biomedical intervention that can replace-to-reduce the chemotherapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79410424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000E133
K. PadayacheeEBlennow
{"title":"High Density Lipoproteins-Natures Endogenous Nanovehicles Are Pushing Alzheimers Drug Discovery to New Frontiers","authors":"K. PadayacheeEBlennow","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000E133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000E133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73587884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-22DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000E129
Livia Wilz, Liang Ge
Autophagy is a fundamental strategy eukaryotic cells employ for bulk turnover of cytoplasmic components to maintain cellular homeostasis. At the organismal level, autophagy is involved in a variety of physiological processes such as development, metabolism and immunity. Dysfunctional autophagy has been implicated in numerous human disorders including cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, infection and metabolic disease [1-3].
{"title":"Preparing the Membrane for Autophagosome Biogenesis","authors":"Livia Wilz, Liang Ge","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000E129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000E129","url":null,"abstract":"Autophagy is a fundamental strategy eukaryotic cells employ for bulk turnover of cytoplasmic components to maintain cellular homeostasis. At the organismal level, autophagy is involved in a variety of physiological processes such as development, metabolism and immunity. Dysfunctional autophagy has been implicated in numerous human disorders including cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, infection and metabolic disease [1-3].","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80776693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000E126
D. Lu, Jin-Yu Che, Hong-ying Wu, Tingren Lu
Diabetes Mellitus is an old disease but modern epidemics. Despite many improvements and benefits of diabetes mellitus treatments recently, many new and unresolved problems relevant to diabetes mellitus pathogenesis and therapy have been found; Pathogenesis and treatments study of diabetes currently is complicated and imperfect. Disease complications, such as cardiovascular symptoms, vision impairments, nephropathy, chronic leg infections etc are even more fatal than hyperglycemia control; Moreover, drug toxicities owing to long-term utilization of many chemical agents and drugs are equally harmful for patients. Furthermore, different doctors and drug manufactures hold different views on diabetes mellitus treatment options and financial interesting distributions. In this editorial, new ideas for building update diabetes mellitus therapeutic systems, new drug development pipelines and experimental and clinical models, possible future directions are proposed, addressed and highlighted.
{"title":"The Pathogenesis and Treatments of Diabetes, Questions and Answers","authors":"D. Lu, Jin-Yu Che, Hong-ying Wu, Tingren Lu","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000E126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000E126","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus is an old disease but modern epidemics. Despite many improvements and benefits of diabetes mellitus treatments recently, many new and unresolved problems relevant to diabetes mellitus pathogenesis and therapy have been found; Pathogenesis and treatments study of diabetes currently is complicated and imperfect. Disease complications, such as cardiovascular symptoms, vision impairments, nephropathy, chronic leg infections etc are even more fatal than hyperglycemia control; Moreover, drug toxicities owing to long-term utilization of many chemical agents and drugs are equally harmful for patients. Furthermore, different doctors and drug manufactures hold different views on diabetes mellitus treatment options and financial interesting distributions. In this editorial, new ideas for building update diabetes mellitus therapeutic systems, new drug development pipelines and experimental and clinical models, possible future directions are proposed, addressed and highlighted.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78241621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000E127
Surajit Sarkar
Polyglutamine or poly(Q) diseases represent a group of fatal human disorders which exhibit some common neurodegenerative symptoms and share somewhat similar mechanism of pathogenesis. Some of the common clinical symptoms of poly(Q) diseases include progressive loss of body coordination, memory, difficulty in speech and intellectual disabilities [1]. Most forms of the poly(Q) disorders are dominantly inherited, exhibit age dependent phenotypic manifestations, progressive in nature and result in degeneration of specific group of neurons in the brain as per the characteristics of each disease type [2,3]. Some of the commonly known poly(Q) disorders include Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA), Huntington’s Disease (HD), six of the Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17) and Dentato Rubral Pallidoluysian Atrophy (DRPLA) [2,4].
{"title":"Impairment of Cellular Transcriptional Machinery in Poly(Q) Disorders","authors":"Surajit Sarkar","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000E127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000E127","url":null,"abstract":"Polyglutamine or poly(Q) diseases represent a group of fatal human disorders which exhibit some common neurodegenerative symptoms and share somewhat similar mechanism of pathogenesis. Some of the common clinical symptoms of poly(Q) diseases include progressive loss of body coordination, memory, difficulty in speech and intellectual disabilities [1]. Most forms of the poly(Q) disorders are dominantly inherited, exhibit age dependent phenotypic manifestations, progressive in nature and result in degeneration of specific group of neurons in the brain as per the characteristics of each disease type [2,3]. Some of the commonly known poly(Q) disorders include Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA), Huntington’s Disease (HD), six of the Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17) and Dentato Rubral Pallidoluysian Atrophy (DRPLA) [2,4].","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86118029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-29DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000144
Nirmala Mavila, Marie V. Nguyen, David James, Kasper S. Wang
During organogenesis, the liver develops from the foregut endoderm and grows into the adjacent septum transversum resulting in the formation of the liver bud. Growth factors released from the septum transversum and the cardiac mesenchyme induce endodermal differentiation and proliferation, thus, forming the primordial liver and extrahepatic biliary structures. Endodermal precursor cells within the liver bud comprise bi-potential liver progenitor cells called hepatoblasts, which differentiates into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. While the postnatal liver has remarkable capacity to regenerate via the proliferation of mature hepatocytes, this compensatory mechanism may be overwhelmed during states of chronic injury. Under these conditions, resident stem/progenitor cells proliferate to replace lost liver parenchyma. Significant progress has been made recently in elucidating the role of various signaling pathways and progenitor cells in liver development and regeneration. In this review, we summarize our recent understanding of progenitor cells in liver development, regeneration and repair.
{"title":"Progenitor Cells in Liver Development, Regeneration and Repair","authors":"Nirmala Mavila, Marie V. Nguyen, David James, Kasper S. Wang","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000144","url":null,"abstract":"During organogenesis, the liver develops from the foregut endoderm and grows into the adjacent septum transversum resulting in the formation of the liver bud. Growth factors released from the septum transversum and the cardiac mesenchyme induce endodermal differentiation and proliferation, thus, forming the primordial liver and extrahepatic biliary structures. Endodermal precursor cells within the liver bud comprise bi-potential liver progenitor cells called hepatoblasts, which differentiates into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. While the postnatal liver has remarkable capacity to regenerate via the proliferation of mature hepatocytes, this compensatory mechanism may be overwhelmed during states of chronic injury. Under these conditions, resident stem/progenitor cells proliferate to replace lost liver parenchyma. Significant progress has been made recently in elucidating the role of various signaling pathways and progenitor cells in liver development and regeneration. In this review, we summarize our recent understanding of progenitor cells in liver development, regeneration and repair.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85675374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-20DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000146
T. Johnston, Morgan Re, E. Perkins, D. Ferguson, D. Cropek
Studies examined the effects of different culture conditions for the brain, gonads (testis and ovary), and liver of adult male and Female Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) (FHM) during a 28 day assessment of viability and functionality. Five parameters were tested including media pH, incubation temperature, media composition, media exchange rate, and substrate. Within the ranges tested, incubation temperature was the most influential on tissue viability with dramatic improvements using cooler incubation temperatures (<18°C) over the entire 28 day test period. Tissues remained equally viable in five different common culture media, although highest viability with each medium was observed with a weekly media exchange over more frequent exchanges, alginate over polystyrene, and a media pH near physiological values. Use of these combined conditions resulted in continual function of testis and ovarian tissue over the entire 28 days, as indicated by continued production of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) by testes and estradiol (E2) by ovaries. Liver function was maintained through seven days, although vitellogenin production in response to added E2 eventually decreased over time. Consistent tissue viability over time periods commonly used for in vivo studies will enhance the link of in vitro tissue toxicology studies to whole-fish and population level impacts.
{"title":"In Vitro Culture Conditions for Reproductive Endocrine Tissues of Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)","authors":"T. Johnston, Morgan Re, E. Perkins, D. Ferguson, D. Cropek","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000146","url":null,"abstract":"Studies examined the effects of different culture conditions for the brain, gonads (testis and ovary), and liver of adult male and Female Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) (FHM) during a 28 day assessment of viability and functionality. Five parameters were tested including media pH, incubation temperature, media composition, media exchange rate, and substrate. Within the ranges tested, incubation temperature was the most influential on tissue viability with dramatic improvements using cooler incubation temperatures (<18°C) over the entire 28 day test period. Tissues remained equally viable in five different common culture media, although highest viability with each medium was observed with a weekly media exchange over more frequent exchanges, alginate over polystyrene, and a media pH near physiological values. Use of these combined conditions resulted in continual function of testis and ovarian tissue over the entire 28 days, as indicated by continued production of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) by testes and estradiol (E2) by ovaries. Liver function was maintained through seven days, although vitellogenin production in response to added E2 eventually decreased over time. Consistent tissue viability over time periods commonly used for in vivo studies will enhance the link of in vitro tissue toxicology studies to whole-fish and population level impacts.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78807194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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