Pub Date : 2015-11-27DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000162
H. Alam, Chinnari Sumedha, Siddhartha Pati, B. P. Dash, A. Chatterji
In the developing eggs of the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas, Muller), the peri-vitelline fluid (PVF) occurs at the 21st stage of embryogenesis. Besides maintaining the homeostasis balance inside the developing eggs it also helps in organogenesis. Considering PVF assisting cell differentiation and proliferation during embryonic development, we made an attempt to examine its activity in triggering human bone marrow stem cells transforming into cardiomyocyte. Out of ten-peak PVF profile obtained from FPLC analysis, only the eighth fraction (PVF-8) showed highest activity on the differentiation of human bone marrow stem cell into myocyte differentiation. By FACS analysis, the optimum dose of PVF-8 was 0.1 mg/ml where maximum rate of bone marrow stem cells differentiation into myocyte observed. Since PVF-8 was showing the highest myocyte differentiation activity it was further analysed for its purity on SDSPAGE where a single band of 29 kDa molecular weight was obtained. The protein sequencing of the PVF-8 showed the presence of 122 amino acids. In order to identify the myocytes present in the colonies formed after the longtermed culture of bone marrow stem cells, cells expressing myosin were identified both by immunohistochemical and FACS analysis. In immunehistochemical analysis, PVF-8 was found to induce a great expression of myosin in some adherent’s cells incubated with it as compared to control cells cultured in presence of VEGF or b-FGF. Moreover, in presence of PVF-8, peroxidase activity in the exposed cells surpassed those in the control group. These results confirmed that PVF-8 effectively improved the rate of bone marrow stem cell differentiation.
{"title":"Horseshoe Crab Peri-Vitelline Fluid Triggers the Human Bone Marrow Stem Cell Differentiation into Cardiomyocyte In Vitro","authors":"H. Alam, Chinnari Sumedha, Siddhartha Pati, B. P. Dash, A. Chatterji","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"In the developing eggs of the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas, Muller), the peri-vitelline fluid (PVF) occurs at the 21st stage of embryogenesis. Besides maintaining the homeostasis balance inside the developing eggs it also helps in organogenesis. Considering PVF assisting cell differentiation and proliferation during embryonic development, we made an attempt to examine its activity in triggering human bone marrow stem cells transforming into cardiomyocyte. Out of ten-peak PVF profile obtained from FPLC analysis, only the eighth fraction (PVF-8) showed highest activity on the differentiation of human bone marrow stem cell into myocyte differentiation. By FACS analysis, the optimum dose of PVF-8 was 0.1 mg/ml where maximum rate of bone marrow stem cells differentiation into myocyte observed. Since PVF-8 was showing the highest myocyte differentiation activity it was further analysed for its purity on SDSPAGE where a single band of 29 kDa molecular weight was obtained. The protein sequencing of the PVF-8 showed the presence of 122 amino acids. In order to identify the myocytes present in the colonies formed after the longtermed culture of bone marrow stem cells, cells expressing myosin were identified both by immunohistochemical and FACS analysis. In immunehistochemical analysis, PVF-8 was found to induce a great expression of myosin in some adherent’s cells incubated with it as compared to control cells cultured in presence of VEGF or b-FGF. Moreover, in presence of PVF-8, peroxidase activity in the exposed cells surpassed those in the control group. These results confirmed that PVF-8 effectively improved the rate of bone marrow stem cell differentiation.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78658578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-20DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000161
B. Tolera
In spite of the costly procurement and secondary acclimatization activities, the Ethiopia Sugar estates use huge quantity of micropropagated sugarcane plantlets to complement the conventional propagation method. The current study was aimed at finding rapid and cost effective propagation method for sugarcane planting materials multiplication to complement in vitro propagation method. In the study, acclimatized sugarcane plantlets were treated with Diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), plant growth regulators and leaf trimming treatments. Plantlets lacking fertilizer, plant growth regulators and without trimming were used as free check. Data were collected on the number of tillers per shoot, average shoot length and number of leaves per shoot after 30 days. Analysis of variance revealed that the interaction effects of genotypes, trimming, DAP and plant growth regulators application was very highly significant (p<0.0001). Treatment combinations containing DAP at 0.16 gm L-1 m-2 with plant growth regulators GA3, BAP and kinetin each at 0.04 mg L-1 m-2 and trimming one-third of the leaves gave optimum in vivo shoot proliferation responses. On this treatment combination, B52-298 gave 6.45 ± 0.51 tillers per shoot with 4.39 ± 1.44 cm average shoot length and 5.12 ± 0.23 leaves per shoot while NCo-334 produced 5.77± 0.79 tillers per shoot with 7.21 ± 0.11 cm average shoot length and 5.51 ± 0.05 leaves per shoot. Similarly, N14 gave 5.36 ± 0.55 tillers per shoot with 5.71 ± 0.15 cm average shoot length and 5.41 ± 0.30 leaves per shoot on the same treatment combination. Thus, the current result can be used as rapid and cost effective sugarcane planting material multiplication system to complement the costly micropropagation technology and hence minimize the cost of sugar production.
{"title":"In Vivo Proliferation of In Vitro Propagated Sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum L.) genotypes at Tana- Beles Sugar Development Project,North-Western Ethiopia","authors":"B. Tolera","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000161","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the costly procurement and secondary acclimatization activities, the Ethiopia Sugar estates use huge quantity of micropropagated sugarcane plantlets to complement the conventional propagation method. The current study was aimed at finding rapid and cost effective propagation method for sugarcane planting materials multiplication to complement in vitro propagation method. In the study, acclimatized sugarcane plantlets were treated with Diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), plant growth regulators and leaf trimming treatments. Plantlets lacking fertilizer, plant growth regulators and without trimming were used as free check. Data were collected on the number of tillers per shoot, average shoot length and number of leaves per shoot after 30 days. Analysis of variance revealed that the interaction effects of genotypes, trimming, DAP and plant growth regulators application was very highly significant (p<0.0001). Treatment combinations containing DAP at 0.16 gm L-1 m-2 with plant growth regulators GA3, BAP and kinetin each at 0.04 mg L-1 m-2 and trimming one-third of the leaves gave optimum in vivo shoot proliferation responses. On this treatment combination, B52-298 gave 6.45 ± 0.51 tillers per shoot with 4.39 ± 1.44 cm average shoot length and 5.12 ± 0.23 leaves per shoot while NCo-334 produced 5.77± 0.79 tillers per shoot with 7.21 ± 0.11 cm average shoot length and 5.51 ± 0.05 leaves per shoot. Similarly, N14 gave 5.36 ± 0.55 tillers per shoot with 5.71 ± 0.15 cm average shoot length and 5.41 ± 0.30 leaves per shoot on the same treatment combination. Thus, the current result can be used as rapid and cost effective sugarcane planting material multiplication system to complement the costly micropropagation technology and hence minimize the cost of sugar production.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84300431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000E135
Xuehua Xu
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Chemotaxis in the Model System Dictyostelium discoideum and Mammalian Neutrophils and Breast Cancer Cells","authors":"Xuehua Xu","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000E135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000E135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76044499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-03DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000160
M. A. Mazri, R. Meziani
Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis are the two pathways of choice for rapid and large-scale propagation of date palm. They have been successfully used for the micropropagation of elite genotypes and have proved their effectiveness for the commercial production of many cultivars. Nevertheless, regeneration through somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis in date palm is still difficult to achieve for recalcitrant genotypes and is often hampered by certain physiological disorders. In the present review, we report the results of a number of studies carried out on date palm micropropagation. It also describes different factors that influence each stage of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis and the main problems encountered during these two micropropagation processes.
{"title":"Micropropagation of Date Palm: A Review","authors":"M. A. Mazri, R. Meziani","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000160","url":null,"abstract":"Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis are the two pathways of choice for rapid and large-scale propagation of date palm. They have been successfully used for the micropropagation of elite genotypes and have proved their effectiveness for the commercial production of many cultivars. Nevertheless, regeneration through somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis in date palm is still difficult to achieve for recalcitrant genotypes and is often hampered by certain physiological disorders. In the present review, we report the results of a number of studies carried out on date palm micropropagation. It also describes different factors that influence each stage of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis and the main problems encountered during these two micropropagation processes.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80864189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-24DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000157
Jaehyeon Oh, S. Won, Jae-Hee Lee, D. Shin, Chang-Kug Kim
Anthocyanins are a group of secondary metabolite that is responsible for the color in plant and their antioxidant activity has been noticed as a health-promoting material. To identify the genes responsible for anthocyaninenrichment in the black rice grains, we assessed the expression of transcripts in both black and white rice cultivars using the 135K Oryza sativa microarray and found that the 3,728 genes were associated with the production of anthocyanin pigment. Among them, the 573 conserved orthologous genes were identified using the COGs analyses and were compared with the existing flavonoid-pathway network. Enriched-pathway analysis finally resulted in 53 candidates for anthocyanin biosynthesis. These genes were anchored to the chromosomes of the rice genome to identify their genetic-map positions and were subjected to the phylogenetic construction together with their 31 homologous proteins sequences from A. thaliana, using the maximum-likelihood method. Our candidate genes seem to either play a regulatory role in anthocyanin biosynthesis or be related to anthocyanin metabolism.
{"title":"Computational Identification of Anthocyanin-Related Genes Using Transcriptome Data from Black Rice Plants","authors":"Jaehyeon Oh, S. Won, Jae-Hee Lee, D. Shin, Chang-Kug Kim","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins are a group of secondary metabolite that is responsible for the color in plant and their antioxidant activity has been noticed as a health-promoting material. To identify the genes responsible for anthocyaninenrichment in the black rice grains, we assessed the expression of transcripts in both black and white rice cultivars using the 135K Oryza sativa microarray and found that the 3,728 genes were associated with the production of anthocyanin pigment. Among them, the 573 conserved orthologous genes were identified using the COGs analyses and were compared with the existing flavonoid-pathway network. Enriched-pathway analysis finally resulted in 53 candidates for anthocyanin biosynthesis. These genes were anchored to the chromosomes of the rice genome to identify their genetic-map positions and were subjected to the phylogenetic construction together with their 31 homologous proteins sequences from A. thaliana, using the maximum-likelihood method. Our candidate genes seem to either play a regulatory role in anthocyanin biosynthesis or be related to anthocyanin metabolism.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75618581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-24DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000158
G. Dakubo
It is over seven decades since the seminal work of the otolaryngologist, Dr. Danely Slaughter was published. In patients with oral cancer, he critically demonstrated that carcinogen exposure led to the development of “condemned mucosa”, within which multiple cancers emanated. Thus, the histologically normal cells adjacent to the primary tumor harbor invisible features of the cancer. Other workers such as Strong have confirmed Slaughter’s initial observations, and in recent times by many investigators using molecular genetic approaches. This concept of carcinogenesis is partly responsible for our failure to successfully treat some of our cancer patients. With current technological advancements, biomarkers of field cancerization can be assayed using even noninvasive samples such as body fluids such as saliva and bronchial washes. In clinical practice, such validated biomarkers should enable risk stratification, and hence close surveillance of individuals at risk for early cancer detection or the early deployment of chemopreventive strategies. Arguably, this will immensely contribute to the reduction in the socioeconomic, physical and psychological burden of cancer.
{"title":"Danely P.Slaughters Field Cancerization Concept of Carcinogenesis: The Path Forward to Early Cancer Detection and Chemoprevention","authors":"G. Dakubo","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"It is over seven decades since the seminal work of the otolaryngologist, Dr. Danely Slaughter was published. In patients with oral cancer, he critically demonstrated that carcinogen exposure led to the development of “condemned mucosa”, within which multiple cancers emanated. Thus, the histologically normal cells adjacent to the primary tumor harbor invisible features of the cancer. Other workers such as Strong have confirmed Slaughter’s initial observations, and in recent times by many investigators using molecular genetic approaches. This concept of carcinogenesis is partly responsible for our failure to successfully treat some of our cancer patients. With current technological advancements, biomarkers of field cancerization can be assayed using even noninvasive samples such as body fluids such as saliva and bronchial washes. In clinical practice, such validated biomarkers should enable risk stratification, and hence close surveillance of individuals at risk for early cancer detection or the early deployment of chemopreventive strategies. Arguably, this will immensely contribute to the reduction in the socioeconomic, physical and psychological burden of cancer.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74289480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-31DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000155
S. Shostak
The “new” Cnidaria incorporating oligocellular myxozoans with multicellular cnidarians flouts Ernst Haeckel’s biogenetic law and challenges contemporary hierarchical preconceptions of evolution, development, and biological structure. Instead of distorting definitions of embryos, tissues, and organs in order to bring once - unicellular eukaryotes under the aegis of Eumetazoa, current molecular, structural, and developmental data should be incorporated into proposals for new evolutionary mechanisms, such as the symbiogeny hypothesis.
{"title":"Myxozoa in Haeckels Shadow","authors":"S. Shostak","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000155","url":null,"abstract":"The “new” Cnidaria incorporating oligocellular myxozoans with multicellular cnidarians flouts Ernst Haeckel’s biogenetic law and challenges contemporary hierarchical preconceptions of evolution, development, and biological structure. Instead of distorting definitions of embryos, tissues, and organs in order to bring once - unicellular eukaryotes under the aegis of Eumetazoa, current molecular, structural, and developmental data should be incorporated into proposals for new evolutionary mechanisms, such as the symbiogeny hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88809447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-30DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000156
Carlos Eduardo Maldonado
This article argues that the complexity of life can be largely understood and explained by a somewhat “minor” field in biology, namely botany. The complexity of the plant’s cell as well as the modularity of the organization of plants serves as conditions to the explanation of life on earth. Plants process information in a quite different way than animals, and the plant’s anatomy and physiology are to be taken as the rationale for life on Earth.
{"title":"A Step toward Understanding Information Processing in Plants. Explaining the Complexity of Life Thanks to Plants Physiology","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Maldonado","doi":"10.4172/2168-9296.1000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9296.1000156","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the complexity of life can be largely understood and explained by a somewhat “minor” field in biology, namely botany. The complexity of the plant’s cell as well as the modularity of the organization of plants serves as conditions to the explanation of life on earth. Plants process information in a quite different way than animals, and the plant’s anatomy and physiology are to be taken as the rationale for life on Earth.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82695740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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