Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9296.21.10.223
N. Mohammad
Tissue Culture may be a handle that incorporates revealing plant tissue to a specific regimen of supplements, hormones and light underneath sterile, in vitro conditions to provide numerous modern plants, each a clone of the primary mother plant, over an horrendously brief period of time. There are three essential steps to the tissue culture plan are begin increment and root course of action organize. A short time later the plants are from the investigate office to the nurseries for empower progression. Tissue culture is the development of tissues or cells in an manufactured medium partitioned from the parent life form. This procedure is additionally called of a semi-solid, strong
{"title":"Tissue Culture and Its Modern Usage","authors":"N. Mohammad","doi":"10.35248/2168-9296.21.10.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9296.21.10.223","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue Culture may be a handle that incorporates revealing plant tissue to a specific regimen of supplements, hormones and light underneath sterile, in vitro conditions to provide numerous modern plants, each a clone of the primary mother plant, over an horrendously brief period of time. There are three essential steps to the tissue culture plan are begin increment and root course of action organize. A short time later the plants are from the investigate office to the nurseries for empower progression. Tissue culture is the development of tissues or cells in an manufactured medium partitioned from the parent life form. This procedure is additionally called of a semi-solid, strong","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75155353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9296.21.10.220
Vaishnavi potlu
{"title":"A Short Commentary on Cancer cells","authors":"Vaishnavi potlu","doi":"10.35248/2168-9296.21.10.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9296.21.10.220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85320178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9296.21.10.235
Okunnuga Adedotun Adetokunbo, O. Ojo-bola, B. Alo, N. Okunnuga
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and antibiotics resistance of Staphylococcus aureus among HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from Federal teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti and University Teaching Hospital Ado-Ekiti. The blood samples were examined for bacteria using cultural and biochemical characteristics. Antibiogram was carried out by disc diffusion method. CD4+ T-cell count was done using flow cytometry method. The Socio-demographic data of the patients were obtained through questionnaire. A total of 26 Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from HIV/AIDS patients with overall prevalence rate of 13.0% which is statistically significant (p value 0.02). Results showed that female subjects 15(7.5%) with HIV/AIDS were more susceptible to S. aureus associated bacteraemia than males 11(5.5%). Age group 41-50 years were the most infected with S. aureus with median age of 35 years (p value 0.607, X2= 0.26, df=1) which is not statistically significant. The CD4+ T-cell of the HIV/AIDS patients with S. aureus were within the range of 20 to 400 cells/µl. However, low CD4-T cell and multiple previous hospital admission were the identified risk factors with 100% and 88.5% occurrence rate respectively. The bacterial isolates were tested for resistance to eight antibiotics commonly prescribed in hospitals. The resistance to the antibiotics ranged between 42.3% to 80.8% with ciprofloxacin having less resistance. This study strongly suggests that the isolation of the S. aureus from HIV/AIDS patients might be because it takes advantage of the weaken immune system provided by deficiency in β-cell and dysfunctional macrophage in HIV/AIDS patients
{"title":"Prevalence and Antibiotics Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Hiv/Aids Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Ekiti State","authors":"Okunnuga Adedotun Adetokunbo, O. Ojo-bola, B. Alo, N. Okunnuga","doi":"10.35248/2168-9296.21.10.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9296.21.10.235","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and antibiotics resistance of Staphylococcus aureus among HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from Federal teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti and University Teaching Hospital Ado-Ekiti. The blood samples were examined for bacteria using cultural and biochemical characteristics. Antibiogram was carried out by disc diffusion method. CD4+ T-cell count was done using flow cytometry method. The Socio-demographic data of the patients were obtained through questionnaire. A total of 26 Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from HIV/AIDS patients with overall prevalence rate of 13.0% which is statistically significant (p value 0.02). Results showed that female subjects 15(7.5%) with HIV/AIDS were more susceptible to S. aureus associated bacteraemia than males 11(5.5%). Age group 41-50 years were the most infected with S. aureus with median age of 35 years (p value 0.607, X2= 0.26, df=1) which is not statistically significant. The CD4+ T-cell of the HIV/AIDS patients with S. aureus were within the range of 20 to 400 cells/µl. However, low CD4-T cell and multiple previous hospital admission were the identified risk factors with 100% and 88.5% occurrence rate respectively. The bacterial isolates were tested for resistance to eight antibiotics commonly prescribed in hospitals. The resistance to the antibiotics ranged between 42.3% to 80.8% with ciprofloxacin having less resistance. This study strongly suggests that the isolation of the S. aureus from HIV/AIDS patients might be because it takes advantage of the weaken immune system provided by deficiency in β-cell and dysfunctional macrophage in HIV/AIDS patients","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83989921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9296.20.9.E002
J. Kanungo
{"title":"Advance and Impact of CDB","authors":"J. Kanungo","doi":"10.35248/2168-9296.20.9.E002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9296.20.9.E002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80500331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9296.2020.9.206
Olutayo Ariyo
Knowledge of neurovascular variants in the upper limb is important to neurologists in explaining unusual neurological presentations, to trauma surgeons in the selection of appropriate surgical interventions, and to neuroradiologists in the interpretation of images. Here we present the case of an absent subscapular artery coexisting with multiple variants of the brachial plexus nerves in the left limb of a 71-year-old female cadaver. The median nerve was formed from 3 roots, 2 contributed by the lateral cord and one from the medial cord. The thoracodorsal branch shared a common trunk of origin with the lateral thoracic artery, while the circumflex scapular arose directly from the axillary artery. The musculocutaneous nerve did not penetrate the coracobrachialis muscle, but coursed superior to the second lateral root, and about the proximal and middle third of the brachium supplied the flexor arm muscle, continuing distally as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. The first lateral root coursed initially within the medial root proximally, exiting about 3 cm distally before travelling superolaterally to join the second lateral root. Final formation of the median nerve was in the distal third brachium. There is uniqueness in this median nerve formation; a variant or a reverse of Le Minor Type 2 was observed except that this lateral root joined the medial root initially, unlike in Type 2 in which the medial root joins the musculocutaneous nerve, both re-exiting to join in median nerve formation. Clinically, unexplained sensorimotor deficits in the flexor compartments distal to the elbow may be explained by inadvertent ligation to any of these median nerve roots.
{"title":"An Absent Subscapular Artery Co-Existing with Multiple Variants of the Brachial Plexus and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Olutayo Ariyo","doi":"10.35248/2168-9296.2020.9.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9296.2020.9.206","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of neurovascular variants in the upper limb is important to neurologists in explaining unusual neurological presentations, to trauma surgeons in the selection of appropriate surgical interventions, and to neuroradiologists in the interpretation of images. Here we present the case of an absent subscapular artery coexisting with multiple variants of the brachial plexus nerves in the left limb of a 71-year-old female cadaver. The median nerve was formed from 3 roots, 2 contributed by the lateral cord and one from the medial cord. The thoracodorsal branch shared a common trunk of origin with the lateral thoracic artery, while the circumflex scapular arose directly from the axillary artery. The musculocutaneous nerve did not penetrate the coracobrachialis muscle, but coursed superior to the second lateral root, and about the proximal and middle third of the brachium supplied the flexor arm muscle, continuing distally as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. The first lateral root coursed initially within the medial root proximally, exiting about 3 cm distally before travelling superolaterally to join the second lateral root. Final formation of the median nerve was in the distal third brachium. There is uniqueness in this median nerve formation; a variant or a reverse of Le Minor Type 2 was observed except that this lateral root joined the medial root initially, unlike in Type 2 in which the medial root joins the musculocutaneous nerve, both re-exiting to join in median nerve formation. Clinically, unexplained sensorimotor deficits in the flexor compartments distal to the elbow may be explained by inadvertent ligation to any of these median nerve roots.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83548348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9296.20.9.211
V. Shilpa
The repair of DNA harm could be a complex prepare that depends on specific pathways to cure particular sorts of harm to DNA. The run of insuperable to DNA incorporates little, humble changes in structure counting jumbled bases and straightforward methylation occasions to oxidized bases, intra- and interstrand DNA crosslinks, DNA twofold strand breaks and protein-DNA adducts. Pathways required for the repair of these injuries incorporate jumble repair, base extraction repair, nucleotide extraction repair, and the homology coordinated repair/Fanconi frailty pathway. Each of these pathways contributes to hereditary steadiness, and transformations in qualities encoding proteins included in these pathways have been illustrated to advance hereditary insecurity and cancer. In truth, it has been proposed all cancers show abandons in DNA repair. It has too been illustrated that the capacity of cancer cells to repair restoratively actuated DNA harm impacts helpful adequacy. This has driven to focusing on DNA repair pathways and proteins to create anti-cancer specialists that will increment affectability to conventional chemotherapeutics. Whereas beginning ponders mulled and were tormented by a need of specificity and a characterized instrument of activity, more later approaches to misuse engineered deadly interaction and create tall liking chemical inhibitors have demonstrated impressively more viable. In this audit we are going highlight later propels and talk about past disappointments in focusing on DNA repair to clear the way for future DNA repair focused on operators and their utilize in cancer treatment.
{"title":"DNA Repair Targeted Therapy","authors":"V. Shilpa","doi":"10.35248/2168-9296.20.9.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9296.20.9.211","url":null,"abstract":"The repair of DNA harm could be a complex prepare that depends on specific pathways to cure particular sorts of harm to DNA. The run of insuperable to DNA incorporates little, humble changes in structure counting jumbled bases and straightforward methylation occasions to oxidized bases, intra- and interstrand DNA crosslinks, DNA twofold strand breaks and protein-DNA adducts. Pathways required for the repair of these injuries incorporate jumble repair, base extraction repair, nucleotide extraction repair, and the homology coordinated repair/Fanconi frailty pathway. Each of these pathways contributes to hereditary steadiness, and transformations in qualities encoding proteins included in these pathways have been illustrated to advance hereditary insecurity and cancer. In truth, it has been proposed all cancers show abandons in DNA repair. It has too been illustrated that the capacity of cancer cells to repair restoratively actuated DNA harm impacts helpful adequacy. This has driven to focusing on DNA repair pathways and proteins to create anti-cancer specialists that will increment affectability to conventional chemotherapeutics. Whereas beginning ponders mulled and were tormented by a need of specificity and a characterized instrument of activity, more later approaches to misuse engineered deadly interaction and create tall liking chemical inhibitors have demonstrated impressively more viable. In this audit we are going highlight later propels and talk about past disappointments in focusing on DNA repair to clear the way for future DNA repair focused on operators and their utilize in cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89124797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9296.20.9.212
V. MadhaviLatha
Erythropoiesis is the method by which begetters for ruddy blood cells are created and terminally separate. In all vertebrates, two morphologically particular erythroid heredities (primitive, embryonic, and authoritative, fetal/ adult) shape progressively inside the yolk sac, fetal liver, and marrow and are basic for typical improvement. Ruddy blood cells have advanced profoundly specialized capacities in oxygen transport, defense against oxidation, and vascular remodeling. Here we survey key highlights of the ontogeny of ruddy blood cell improvement in well evolved creatures, highlight similitudes and contrasts uncovered by hereditary and quality expression profiling thinks about, and talk about strategies for recognizing erythroid cells at distinctive stages of improvement and separation.
{"title":"Erythroid Development in the Mammalian Embryo","authors":"V. MadhaviLatha","doi":"10.35248/2168-9296.20.9.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9296.20.9.212","url":null,"abstract":"Erythropoiesis is the method by which begetters for ruddy blood cells are created and terminally separate. In all vertebrates, two morphologically particular erythroid heredities (primitive, embryonic, and authoritative, fetal/ adult) shape progressively inside the yolk sac, fetal liver, and marrow and are basic for typical improvement. Ruddy blood cells have advanced profoundly specialized capacities in oxygen transport, defense against oxidation, and vascular remodeling. Here we survey key highlights of the ontogeny of ruddy blood cell improvement in well evolved creatures, highlight similitudes and contrasts uncovered by hereditary and quality expression profiling thinks about, and talk about strategies for recognizing erythroid cells at distinctive stages of improvement and separation.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87823418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9296.2020.9.208
G.Nikitha
Stem cells are the body's crude materials cells from which all other cells with specialized capacities are created. Beneath the proper conditions within the body or a research facility, stem cells isolate to make more cells called girl cells. These girl cells either ended up unused stem cells (self-renewal) or ended up specialized cells (separation) with a more particular work, such as blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells or bone cells. No other cell within the body has the common capacity to create unused cell types.
{"title":"Stem Cells Therapy","authors":"G.Nikitha","doi":"10.35248/2168-9296.2020.9.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9296.2020.9.208","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cells are the body's crude materials cells from which all other cells with specialized capacities are created. Beneath the proper conditions within the body or a research facility, stem cells isolate to make more cells called girl cells. These girl cells either ended up unused stem cells (self-renewal) or ended up specialized cells (separation) with a more particular work, such as blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells or bone cells. No other cell within the body has the common capacity to create unused cell types.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90721834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9296.2020.9.207
S. Prasanna
The relationship between cell shape stretching and the introduction of the division hub depicted by early cell scholars is still utilized as a worldview in formative ponders. Be that as it may, examination of early fetus advancement and tissue morphogenesis has highlighted the part of the spatial dissemination of cortical signals able to direct axle introduction. In vitro thinks about of cell division have uncovered comparable instruments. Later information bolster the plausibility that the introduction of cell division in mammalian cells is ruled by cell grip and the related footing powers created in interphase. Cell shape could be a appearance of these cement and tensional designs. These designs control the spatial dissemination of cortical signals and subsequently direct shaft introduction and girl cell situating. From these information, cell division shows up to be a nonstop change guaranteeing the support of tissue mechanical keenness.
{"title":"Self-Organization of Cell Function in Living systems","authors":"S. Prasanna","doi":"10.35248/2168-9296.2020.9.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9296.2020.9.207","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between cell shape stretching and the introduction of the division hub depicted by early cell scholars is still utilized as a worldview in formative ponders. Be that as it may, examination of early fetus advancement and tissue morphogenesis has highlighted the part of the spatial dissemination of cortical signals able to direct axle introduction. In vitro thinks about of cell division have uncovered comparable instruments. Later information bolster the plausibility that the introduction of cell division in mammalian cells is ruled by cell grip and the related footing powers created in interphase. Cell shape could be a appearance of these cement and tensional designs. These designs control the spatial dissemination of cortical signals and subsequently direct shaft introduction and girl cell situating. From these information, cell division shows up to be a nonstop change guaranteeing the support of tissue mechanical keenness.","PeriodicalId":9775,"journal":{"name":"Cell & developmental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77119792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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