Marc Parrilla, A. Slosse, Robin Van Echelpoel, N. F. Montiel, F. Van Durme, K. De Wael
Illicit drug consumption is posing critical concerns in our society causing health issues, crime-related activities and the disruption of the border trade. The smuggling of illicit drugs urges the development of new tools for rapid on-site identification in cargos. Current methods used by law enforcement offices rely on presumptive color tests and portable spectroscopic techniques. However, these methods sometimes exhibit inaccurate results due to commonly used cutting agents or because the drugs are smuggled (hidden or mixed) in colored samples. Interestingly, electrochemical sensors can deal with these specific problems. Herein, it is presented an electrochemical device that uses low-cost screen-printed electrodes for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) profiling. A library of electrochemical profiles is built upon pure and mixtures of illicit drugs with common cutting agents. This library allows the design of a tailor-made script that shows the identification of each drug through a user-friendly interface. Finally, the results obtained from the analysis of different samples from confiscated cargos at an end-user laboratory present a promising alternative to current methods offering low-cost and rapid testing in the field.
{"title":"Portable Electrochemical Detection of Illicit Drugs in Smuggled Samples: Towards More Secure Borders","authors":"Marc Parrilla, A. Slosse, Robin Van Echelpoel, N. F. Montiel, F. Van Durme, K. De Wael","doi":"10.3390/csac2021-10612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/csac2021-10612","url":null,"abstract":"Illicit drug consumption is posing critical concerns in our society causing health issues, crime-related activities and the disruption of the border trade. The smuggling of illicit drugs urges the development of new tools for rapid on-site identification in cargos. Current methods used by law enforcement offices rely on presumptive color tests and portable spectroscopic techniques. However, these methods sometimes exhibit inaccurate results due to commonly used cutting agents or because the drugs are smuggled (hidden or mixed) in colored samples. Interestingly, electrochemical sensors can deal with these specific problems. Herein, it is presented an electrochemical device that uses low-cost screen-printed electrodes for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) profiling. A library of electrochemical profiles is built upon pure and mixtures of illicit drugs with common cutting agents. This library allows the design of a tailor-made script that shows the identification of each drug through a user-friendly interface. Finally, the results obtained from the analysis of different samples from confiscated cargos at an end-user laboratory present a promising alternative to current methods offering low-cost and rapid testing in the field.","PeriodicalId":9815,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79928229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytochemical products start to be employed to assist 2D nanomaterials exfoliation. However, a lack of studies regarding the molecules involved and their capacity to give rise to functional materials is evident. In this work, a novel green liquid-phase exfoliation strategy (LPE) is proposed, wherein a flavonoid namely catechin (CT) exclusively assists the exfoliation of bulk graphite in conductive water-soluble graphene nanoflakes (GF). Physicochemical and electrochemical methods have been employed to characterize the morphological, structural, and electrochemical features of the GF-CT. Surprisingly, the obtained GF-CT integrates well-defined electroactive quinoid adducts. The resulting few-layers graphene flakes intercalated with CT aromatic skeleton ensure strict electrical contact among graphene sheets, whereas the fully reversible quinoid electrochemistry (ΔE = 28 mV, Ip, a/Ip, c = ~1) is attributed to the residual catechol moieties, which work as an electrochemical mediator. The GF-CT intimate electrochemistry is generated directly during the LPE of graphite, not requiring any modification or electro-polymerization steps, resulting in stable (8 months) and reproducible material. The electrocatalytic activity has been proven towards hydrazine (HY) and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a pollutant and a coenzyme, respectively. High sensitivity in extended linear ranges (HY: LOD = 0.1 µM, L.R. 0.5–150 µM; NADH: LOD = 0.6 µM, L.R. 2.5–200 µM) at low overpotential (+0.15 V) was obtained using amperometry, avoiding electrode-fouling. Improved performances, compared with graphite commercial electrodes and graphene exfoliated with a conventional surfactant, were obtained. The GF-CT was successfully used to perform the detection of HY and NADH (recoveries 94–107%, RSD ≤ 8%) in environmental and biological matrices, proving the material exploitability even in challenging analytical applications. On course studies aim to combine the intrinsic conductivity of the GF-CT with flexible substrates, in order to construct flexible electrodes/devices able to house GF-CT-exclusively composed conductive films. In our opinion, the proposed GF-CT elects itself as a cost-effective and sustainable material, particularly captivating in the (bio)sensoristics scenario.
{"title":"Graphene Nanoflakes Incorporating Natural Phytochemicals Containing Catechols as Functional Material for Sensors","authors":"F. Silveri, F. D. Pelle, D. Rojas, D. Compagnone","doi":"10.3390/csac2021-10619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/csac2021-10619","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemical products start to be employed to assist 2D nanomaterials exfoliation. However, a lack of studies regarding the molecules involved and their capacity to give rise to functional materials is evident. In this work, a novel green liquid-phase exfoliation strategy (LPE) is proposed, wherein a flavonoid namely catechin (CT) exclusively assists the exfoliation of bulk graphite in conductive water-soluble graphene nanoflakes (GF). Physicochemical and electrochemical methods have been employed to characterize the morphological, structural, and electrochemical features of the GF-CT. Surprisingly, the obtained GF-CT integrates well-defined electroactive quinoid adducts. The resulting few-layers graphene flakes intercalated with CT aromatic skeleton ensure strict electrical contact among graphene sheets, whereas the fully reversible quinoid electrochemistry (ΔE = 28 mV, Ip, a/Ip, c = ~1) is attributed to the residual catechol moieties, which work as an electrochemical mediator. The GF-CT intimate electrochemistry is generated directly during the LPE of graphite, not requiring any modification or electro-polymerization steps, resulting in stable (8 months) and reproducible material. The electrocatalytic activity has been proven towards hydrazine (HY) and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a pollutant and a coenzyme, respectively. High sensitivity in extended linear ranges (HY: LOD = 0.1 µM, L.R. 0.5–150 µM; NADH: LOD = 0.6 µM, L.R. 2.5–200 µM) at low overpotential (+0.15 V) was obtained using amperometry, avoiding electrode-fouling. Improved performances, compared with graphite commercial electrodes and graphene exfoliated with a conventional surfactant, were obtained. The GF-CT was successfully used to perform the detection of HY and NADH (recoveries 94–107%, RSD ≤ 8%) in environmental and biological matrices, proving the material exploitability even in challenging analytical applications. On course studies aim to combine the intrinsic conductivity of the GF-CT with flexible substrates, in order to construct flexible electrodes/devices able to house GF-CT-exclusively composed conductive films. In our opinion, the proposed GF-CT elects itself as a cost-effective and sustainable material, particularly captivating in the (bio)sensoristics scenario.","PeriodicalId":9815,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76487212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-cost gas sensors detect pollutants gas at the parts-per-billion level and may be installed in small devices to densify air quality monitoring networks for the spread analysis of pollutants around an emissive source. However, these sensors suffer from several issues such as the impact of environmental factors and cross-interfering gases. For instance, the ozone (O3) electrochemical sensor senses nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and O3 simultaneously without discrimination. Alphasense proposes the use of a pair of sensors; the first one, NO2-B43F, is equipped with a filter dedicated to measure NO2. The second one, OX-B431, is sensitive to both NO2 and O3. Thus, O3 concentration can be obtained by subtracting the concentration of NO2 from the sum of the two concentrations. This technique is not practical and requires calibrating each sensor individually, leading to biased concentration estimation. In this paper, we propose Partial Least Square regression (PLS) to build a calibration model including both sensors’ responses and also temperature and humidity variations. The results obtained from data collected in the field for two months show that PLS regression provides better gas concentration estimation in terms of accuracy than calibrating each sensor individually.
{"title":"Field Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone Monitoring Using Electrochemical Sensors with Partial Least Squares Regression","authors":"Rachid Laref, E. Losson, A. Sava, M. Siadat","doi":"10.3390/csac2021-10622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/csac2021-10622","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost gas sensors detect pollutants gas at the parts-per-billion level and may be installed in small devices to densify air quality monitoring networks for the spread analysis of pollutants around an emissive source. However, these sensors suffer from several issues such as the impact of environmental factors and cross-interfering gases. For instance, the ozone (O3) electrochemical sensor senses nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and O3 simultaneously without discrimination. Alphasense proposes the use of a pair of sensors; the first one, NO2-B43F, is equipped with a filter dedicated to measure NO2. The second one, OX-B431, is sensitive to both NO2 and O3. Thus, O3 concentration can be obtained by subtracting the concentration of NO2 from the sum of the two concentrations. This technique is not practical and requires calibrating each sensor individually, leading to biased concentration estimation. In this paper, we propose Partial Least Square regression (PLS) to build a calibration model including both sensors’ responses and also temperature and humidity variations. The results obtained from data collected in the field for two months show that PLS regression provides better gas concentration estimation in terms of accuracy than calibrating each sensor individually.","PeriodicalId":9815,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91223649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work concerns the development of a good quality graphene doped TiO2 nanotube array sensor for efficient detection of methanol. A pure and graphene doped TiO2 nanotube array was synthesized by electrochemical anodization. Morphological, structural and optical characterizations were performed to study the samples. Both the nanotube samples were produced in Au/TiO2 nanotube/Ti type MIM-structured devices. Pure and graphene-doped TiO2 nanotubes offered a response magnitude of 20% and 28% to 100 ppm of methanol at room temperature, respectively. Response/Recovery time was fast for the graphene doped TiO2 nanotube array (34 s/40 s) compared to a pure TiO2 nanotube array (116 s/576 s) at room temperature. This study confirmed the notable enhancement in methanol sensing due to the formation of local heterojunctions between graphene and TiO2 in the hybrid sample.
{"title":"Development of Graphene-Doped TiO2-Nanotube Array-Based MIM-Structured Sensors and Its Application for Methanol Sensing at Room Temperature","authors":"Teena Gakhar, A. Hazra","doi":"10.3390/csac2021-10620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/csac2021-10620","url":null,"abstract":"This work concerns the development of a good quality graphene doped TiO2 nanotube array sensor for efficient detection of methanol. A pure and graphene doped TiO2 nanotube array was synthesized by electrochemical anodization. Morphological, structural and optical characterizations were performed to study the samples. Both the nanotube samples were produced in Au/TiO2 nanotube/Ti type MIM-structured devices. Pure and graphene-doped TiO2 nanotubes offered a response magnitude of 20% and 28% to 100 ppm of methanol at room temperature, respectively. Response/Recovery time was fast for the graphene doped TiO2 nanotube array (34 s/40 s) compared to a pure TiO2 nanotube array (116 s/576 s) at room temperature. This study confirmed the notable enhancement in methanol sensing due to the formation of local heterojunctions between graphene and TiO2 in the hybrid sample.","PeriodicalId":9815,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76028846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadezhda V. Vladimirova, Julia Ashina, D. Kirsanov
Since the development process of new sensors is long and tedious, it would be very helpful to develop a model that could predict sensor properties based on active compound structure without the actual synthesis and characterization of the corresponding sensors. In this work, the model for the prediction of logK (HCO3−/Cl−) was constructed based on 40 ligand structures suggested in the literature for carbonate sensing. Substructural molecular fragments (SMF) were used to describe the structure of compounds, where fragments were considered as sequences of bonds and atoms. The projection on latent structures (PLS) method was used to calculate the regression model.
{"title":"QSPR Modelling of Potentiometric HCO3−/Cl− Selectivity for Polymeric Membrane Sensors","authors":"Nadezhda V. Vladimirova, Julia Ashina, D. Kirsanov","doi":"10.3390/csac2021-10621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/csac2021-10621","url":null,"abstract":"Since the development process of new sensors is long and tedious, it would be very helpful to develop a model that could predict sensor properties based on active compound structure without the actual synthesis and characterization of the corresponding sensors. In this work, the model for the prediction of logK (HCO3−/Cl−) was constructed based on 40 ligand structures suggested in the literature for carbonate sensing. Substructural molecular fragments (SMF) were used to describe the structure of compounds, where fragments were considered as sequences of bonds and atoms. The projection on latent structures (PLS) method was used to calculate the regression model.","PeriodicalId":9815,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76611242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Scroccarello, F. D. Pelle, Qurat Ul Ain Bukhari, F. Silveri, D. Zappi, Enrico Cozzoni, D. Compagnone
Carbonaceous-based nanomaterials (C-NMs) are the pillar of myriad sensing and catalytic electrochemical applications. In this field, the search for environmentally sustainable C-NMs from renewable sources became a duty in the development of nano-sensors. Herein, water-soluble carbon nanofibers (CF) were produced from eucalyptus scraps-based biochar (BH) through an ultrasound treatment, assisted by sodium cholate used as a stabilizing agent. Noteworthy, thanks to the use of the bio-stabilizing agent, the nanofibers were dispersed in water avoiding the use of organic solvents. The BH-CF was investigated as sensing material onto commercial screen-printed electrodes via drop-casting (BH-SPE) and as thin-film fully integrated into a lab-made flexible electrode. The thin film was produced via BH-CF vacuum filtration followed by the film transferring to a thermo-adhesive plastic substrate through thermal lamination. This approach gave rise to a conductive BH-CF film (BH-Film) easily embodied in a lab-made electrode produced with office-grade instrumentation (i.e., craft-cutter machine, thermal laminator) and materials (i.e., laminating pouches, stencil). The BH-CF amount was optimized and the resulting film morphologically characterized, then, the electrochemical performances were studied. The BH-CF electrochemical features were investigated towards a broad range of analytes containing phenol moieties, discrimination between orto- and mono-phenolic structures were achieved for all the studied compounds. As proof of applicability, the BH-CF-based sensors were challenged for simultaneous determination of mono-phenols and ortho-diphenols in olive oil extracts. LODs ≤ 0.5 μM and ≤ 3.8 μM were obtained for hydroxytyrosol (o-diphenol reference standard) and Tyrosol (m-phenols reference standard), respectively. Moreover, a high inter-sensors precision (RSD calibration-slopes ≤ 7%, n = 3) and quantitative recoveries in sample analysis (recoveries 91–111%, RSD ≤ 6%) were obtained. Here, a solvent-free strategy to obtain water-soluble BH-CF was proposed, and their usability to sensor fabrication and modification proved. This work demonstrated as cost-effective and sustainable renewable sources, rationally used, can lead to obtain useful nanomaterials.
{"title":"Eucalyptus Biochar as a Sustainable Nanomaterial for Electrochemical Sensors","authors":"A. Scroccarello, F. D. Pelle, Qurat Ul Ain Bukhari, F. Silveri, D. Zappi, Enrico Cozzoni, D. Compagnone","doi":"10.3390/csac2021-10618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/csac2021-10618","url":null,"abstract":"Carbonaceous-based nanomaterials (C-NMs) are the pillar of myriad sensing and catalytic electrochemical applications. In this field, the search for environmentally sustainable C-NMs from renewable sources became a duty in the development of nano-sensors. Herein, water-soluble carbon nanofibers (CF) were produced from eucalyptus scraps-based biochar (BH) through an ultrasound treatment, assisted by sodium cholate used as a stabilizing agent. Noteworthy, thanks to the use of the bio-stabilizing agent, the nanofibers were dispersed in water avoiding the use of organic solvents. The BH-CF was investigated as sensing material onto commercial screen-printed electrodes via drop-casting (BH-SPE) and as thin-film fully integrated into a lab-made flexible electrode. The thin film was produced via BH-CF vacuum filtration followed by the film transferring to a thermo-adhesive plastic substrate through thermal lamination. This approach gave rise to a conductive BH-CF film (BH-Film) easily embodied in a lab-made electrode produced with office-grade instrumentation (i.e., craft-cutter machine, thermal laminator) and materials (i.e., laminating pouches, stencil). The BH-CF amount was optimized and the resulting film morphologically characterized, then, the electrochemical performances were studied. The BH-CF electrochemical features were investigated towards a broad range of analytes containing phenol moieties, discrimination between orto- and mono-phenolic structures were achieved for all the studied compounds. As proof of applicability, the BH-CF-based sensors were challenged for simultaneous determination of mono-phenols and ortho-diphenols in olive oil extracts. LODs ≤ 0.5 μM and ≤ 3.8 μM were obtained for hydroxytyrosol (o-diphenol reference standard) and Tyrosol (m-phenols reference standard), respectively. Moreover, a high inter-sensors precision (RSD calibration-slopes ≤ 7%, n = 3) and quantitative recoveries in sample analysis (recoveries 91–111%, RSD ≤ 6%) were obtained. Here, a solvent-free strategy to obtain water-soluble BH-CF was proposed, and their usability to sensor fabrication and modification proved. This work demonstrated as cost-effective and sustainable renewable sources, rationally used, can lead to obtain useful nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":9815,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73898664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Șerban, O. Buiu, M. Bumbac, R. Marinescu, N. Dumbravescu, V. Avramescu, C. Cobianu, C. Nicolescu, M. Brezeanu, C. Radulescu, F. Comanescu
The relative humidity (RH) sensing response of a chemoresistive sensor using a novel ternary hybrid nanocomposite film as a sensing element is presented. The sensitive layer was obtained by employing the drop-casting technique for depositing a thin film of nanocomposite between the electrodes of an interdigitated (IDT) structure. The sensing support structure consists of an IDT dual-comb structure fabricated on a oSi-SiO2 substrate. The IDT comprises chromium, as an adhesion layer (10 nm thickness), and a gold layer (100 nm thickness). The sensing capability of a novel thin film based on a ternary hybrid made of oxidated carbon nanohorns–titanium dioxide–polyvinylpyrrolidone (CNHox/TiO2/PVP) nanocomposite was investigated by applying a direct current with known intensity between the two electrodes of the sensing structure, and measuring the resulting voltage difference, while varying the RH from 0% to 100% in a humid nitrogen atmosphere. The ternary hybrid-based thin film’s resistance increased when the sensors were exposed to relative humidity ranging from 0 to 100%. It was found that the performance of the new chemoresistive sensor is consistent with that of the capacitive commercial sensor used as a benchmark. Raman spectroscopy was used to provide information on the composition of the sensing layer and on potential interactions between constituents. Several sensing mechanisms were considered and discussed, based on the interaction of water molecules with each component of the ternary nanohybrid. The sensing results obtained lead to the conclusion that the synergic effect of the p-type semiconductor behavior of the CNHox and the PVP swelling process plays a pivotal role in the overall resistance decrease of the sensitive film.
{"title":"Ternary Oxidized Carbon Nanohorns/TiO2/PVP Nanohybrid as Sensitive Layer for Chemoresistive Humidity Sensor","authors":"B. Șerban, O. Buiu, M. Bumbac, R. Marinescu, N. Dumbravescu, V. Avramescu, C. Cobianu, C. Nicolescu, M. Brezeanu, C. Radulescu, F. Comanescu","doi":"10.3390/csac2021-10616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/csac2021-10616","url":null,"abstract":"The relative humidity (RH) sensing response of a chemoresistive sensor using a novel ternary hybrid nanocomposite film as a sensing element is presented. The sensitive layer was obtained by employing the drop-casting technique for depositing a thin film of nanocomposite between the electrodes of an interdigitated (IDT) structure. The sensing support structure consists of an IDT dual-comb structure fabricated on a oSi-SiO2 substrate. The IDT comprises chromium, as an adhesion layer (10 nm thickness), and a gold layer (100 nm thickness). The sensing capability of a novel thin film based on a ternary hybrid made of oxidated carbon nanohorns–titanium dioxide–polyvinylpyrrolidone (CNHox/TiO2/PVP) nanocomposite was investigated by applying a direct current with known intensity between the two electrodes of the sensing structure, and measuring the resulting voltage difference, while varying the RH from 0% to 100% in a humid nitrogen atmosphere. The ternary hybrid-based thin film’s resistance increased when the sensors were exposed to relative humidity ranging from 0 to 100%. It was found that the performance of the new chemoresistive sensor is consistent with that of the capacitive commercial sensor used as a benchmark. Raman spectroscopy was used to provide information on the composition of the sensing layer and on potential interactions between constituents. Several sensing mechanisms were considered and discussed, based on the interaction of water molecules with each component of the ternary nanohybrid. The sensing results obtained lead to the conclusion that the synergic effect of the p-type semiconductor behavior of the CNHox and the PVP swelling process plays a pivotal role in the overall resistance decrease of the sensitive film.","PeriodicalId":9815,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83530699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Grossi, E. Valli, A. Bendini, T. G. Toschi, Bruno Riccò
Olive oil quality is normally assessed by chemical analysis as well as sensory analysis to detect the presence of organoleptic defects. Two of the most important parameters that define the quality of olive oil are the free acidity and the peroxide index. These chemical parameters are usually determinated by manual titration procedures that must be carried out in a laboratory by trained personnel. In this paper, a portable sensor system to evaluate the quality grade of olive oil is presented. The system is battery operated and characterized by small dimensions, a light weight and quick measurement response. The working principle is based on the measurement of the electrical conductance of an emulsion between a hydro-alcoholic solution and the olive oil sample. Tests have been carried out on a set of 17 olive oil samples. The results have shown how for fresh olive oil samples, the olive oil’s free acidity can be estimated from the electrical conductance of the emulsion. In the case of oxidized olive oil, the measured electrical conductance is also the function of the oxidation level, and a conductance threshold can be set to discriminate between extra virgin olive oils and lower-quality grade oils. The proposed system can be a low-cost alternative to standard laboratory analysis to evaluate the quality grade of olive oil.
{"title":"Evaluation of Olive Oil Quality Grade Using a Portable Battery-Operated Sensor System","authors":"M. Grossi, E. Valli, A. Bendini, T. G. Toschi, Bruno Riccò","doi":"10.3390/csac2021-10614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/csac2021-10614","url":null,"abstract":"Olive oil quality is normally assessed by chemical analysis as well as sensory analysis to detect the presence of organoleptic defects. Two of the most important parameters that define the quality of olive oil are the free acidity and the peroxide index. These chemical parameters are usually determinated by manual titration procedures that must be carried out in a laboratory by trained personnel. In this paper, a portable sensor system to evaluate the quality grade of olive oil is presented. The system is battery operated and characterized by small dimensions, a light weight and quick measurement response. The working principle is based on the measurement of the electrical conductance of an emulsion between a hydro-alcoholic solution and the olive oil sample. Tests have been carried out on a set of 17 olive oil samples. The results have shown how for fresh olive oil samples, the olive oil’s free acidity can be estimated from the electrical conductance of the emulsion. In the case of oxidized olive oil, the measured electrical conductance is also the function of the oxidation level, and a conductance threshold can be set to discriminate between extra virgin olive oils and lower-quality grade oils. The proposed system can be a low-cost alternative to standard laboratory analysis to evaluate the quality grade of olive oil.","PeriodicalId":9815,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73592910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Surkova, Aleksandra V Paderina, A. Legin, E. Grachova, D. Kirsanov
In this study, optical multisensor systems based on molecular emitters as a light source are introduced. To obtain such light sources, cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes and Cu(I)-based complexes were synthetized and investigated. Since each complex has its own emission spectrum in the visible range, it is possible to choose an appropriate set of emitters for specific analytical tacks. The developed analytical device was successfully applied for fluoride and phosphate quantification in surface water.
{"title":"Molecular Emitters as a Tunable Light Source for Optical Multisensor Systems","authors":"A. Surkova, Aleksandra V Paderina, A. Legin, E. Grachova, D. Kirsanov","doi":"10.3390/csac2021-10611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/csac2021-10611","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, optical multisensor systems based on molecular emitters as a light source are introduced. To obtain such light sources, cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes and Cu(I)-based complexes were synthetized and investigated. Since each complex has its own emission spectrum in the visible range, it is possible to choose an appropriate set of emitters for specific analytical tacks. The developed analytical device was successfully applied for fluoride and phosphate quantification in surface water.","PeriodicalId":9815,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78537854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Magro, T. Moura, Paulo A. Ribeiro, M. Raposo, S. Sério
Sensors are considered the future monitoring tools, since, compared to traditional sampling and analysis techniques, they provide fast response on the output data in a timely, continuous, safe, and cost-effective fashion. Antibiotics are important pharmaceuticals with a large variety of applications. However, the overconsumption of these drugs is under the spotlight, since traces of antibiotics are being found in aquatic ecosystems and may lead to the development of antibiotic resistance. Thus, in this work, sensors consisting of ceramic or glass BK7 solid supports with interdigitated gold electrodes coated with five bilayers of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) thin films were developed and able to distinguish clarithromycin concentrations between 10−15 M and 10−5 M in mineral and surface water matrices. In mineral water, the ceramic support sensors have shown high reproducibility, whereas glass support sensors are not reproducible for this matrix. For the surface water matrix, both types of sensors proved to be reproducible. The surface water’s principal component analysis, obtained for an electronic tongue composed of the aforementioned sensors, demonstrated the concept’s ability to discriminate between different concentrations of the target compound, although no significant pattern of trend was achieved.
{"title":"Smart Sensing for Antibiotic Monitoring in Mineral and Surface Water: Development of an Electronic Tongue Device","authors":"C. Magro, T. Moura, Paulo A. Ribeiro, M. Raposo, S. Sério","doi":"10.3390/csac2021-10606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/csac2021-10606","url":null,"abstract":"Sensors are considered the future monitoring tools, since, compared to traditional sampling and analysis techniques, they provide fast response on the output data in a timely, continuous, safe, and cost-effective fashion. Antibiotics are important pharmaceuticals with a large variety of applications. However, the overconsumption of these drugs is under the spotlight, since traces of antibiotics are being found in aquatic ecosystems and may lead to the development of antibiotic resistance. Thus, in this work, sensors consisting of ceramic or glass BK7 solid supports with interdigitated gold electrodes coated with five bilayers of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) thin films were developed and able to distinguish clarithromycin concentrations between 10−15 M and 10−5 M in mineral and surface water matrices. In mineral water, the ceramic support sensors have shown high reproducibility, whereas glass support sensors are not reproducible for this matrix. For the surface water matrix, both types of sensors proved to be reproducible. The surface water’s principal component analysis, obtained for an electronic tongue composed of the aforementioned sensors, demonstrated the concept’s ability to discriminate between different concentrations of the target compound, although no significant pattern of trend was achieved.","PeriodicalId":9815,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84687945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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