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The role of the ventromedial hypothalamus in glycemic responses 腹内侧下丘脑在血糖反应中的作用
IF 29 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.10.004
Kaylee Zilinger, Rachel J. Perry
Mechanisms that preserve glucose homeostasis are highly conserved across species, with the brain playing a central role in regulating these counterregulatory responses. However, the exact neural circuits underlying this regulation remain poorly understood. The previewed papers illuminate how the ventromedial hypothalamus orchestrates glycemic responses through brain-liver communication during periods of increased glucose demand.
维持葡萄糖稳态的机制在物种间是高度保守的,大脑在调节这些反调节反应中起着核心作用。然而,这种调节背后的确切神经回路仍然知之甚少。这些论文阐明了下丘脑腹内侧如何在葡萄糖需求增加期间通过脑-肝通讯协调血糖反应。
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引用次数: 0
When more is not worse: Genetic subtypes of obesity challenge conventional risk paradigms 当更多不是更糟:肥胖的遗传亚型挑战传统的风险范式
IF 29 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.10.002
Hanieh Yaghootkar
Emerging evidence challenges the view of obesity as a uniform metabolic risk. Spotlighting the recent Nature Medicine study by Chami et al.,1 this piece discusses how “uncoupling” adiposity from its cardiometabolic consequences reveals biologically distinct subtypes of obesity. Integrating imaging and multi-omics offers a promising path toward personalized obesity management and deeper mechanistic insight.
新出现的证据挑战了肥胖是一种统一的代谢风险的观点。在Chami等人最近的《自然医学》研究中,这篇文章讨论了从心脏代谢结果中“解耦”肥胖如何揭示出生物学上不同的肥胖亚型。整合成像和多组学为个性化肥胖管理和更深入的机制洞察提供了有希望的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Cystine import and oxidative catabolism fuel vascular growth and repair via nutrient-responsive histone acetylation 胱氨酸输入和氧化分解代谢通过营养反应性组蛋白乙酰化促进血管生长和修复
IF 29 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.10.003
Maria-Kyriaki Drekolia, Janina Mettner, Daiyu Wang, Fredy Delgado Lagos, Christian Koch, Dennis Hecker, Jeanette Eresch, Yifang Mao, Marion Bähr, Dieter Weichenhan, Julio Cordero, Janina Wittig, Boran Zhang, Hanyu Cui, Xiaoming Li, James A. Oo, Andreas Weigert, Mauro Siragusa, Stephan Klatt, Ingrid Fleming, Sofia-Iris Bibli
Endothelial metabolism underpins tissue regeneration, health, and longevity. We uncover a nuclear oxidative catabolic pathway linking cystine to gene regulation. Cells preparing to proliferate upregulate the SLC7A11 transporter to import cystine, which is oxidatively catabolized by cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the nucleus. This generates acetyl units via pyruvate dehydrogenase, driving site-specific histone H3 acetylation and chromatin remodeling that sustain endothelial transcription and proliferation. Combined loss of SLC7A11 and CSE abolishes cystine oxidative and reductive metabolism and causes embryonic lethality, whereas single deletions reveal distinct effects. SLC7A11 deficiency triggers compensatory cysteine de novo biosynthesis, partially maintaining angiogenesis, while CSE deletion disrupts nuclear cystine oxidative catabolism, transcription, and vessel formation. Therapeutically, cystine supplementation promotes vascular repair in retinopathy of prematurity, myocardial infarction, and injury in aging. These findings establish the role of cystine nuclear oxidative catabolism as a fundamental metabolic axis coupling nutrient utilization to gene regulation, with implications for vascular regeneration.
内皮代谢是组织再生、健康和长寿的基础。我们发现了一个核氧化分解代谢途径,将胱氨酸与基因调控联系起来。准备增殖的细胞上调SLC7A11转运体以输入胱氨酸,胱氨酸在细胞核中被胱氨酸-γ-裂解酶(CSE)氧化分解。这通过丙酮酸脱氢酶产生乙酰基单位,驱动位点特异性组蛋白H3乙酰化和染色质重塑,维持内皮细胞的转录和增殖。SLC7A11和CSE的联合缺失会破坏胱氨酸的氧化和还原代谢,导致胚胎死亡,而单个缺失则有不同的影响。SLC7A11缺陷触发代偿性半胱氨酸从头合成,部分维持血管生成,而CSE缺失破坏核胱氨酸氧化分解代谢、转录和血管形成。在治疗上,补充胱氨酸可促进早产儿视网膜病变、心肌梗死和衰老损伤的血管修复。这些发现确定了胱氨酸核氧化分解代谢作为一个基本代谢轴的作用,将营养利用与基因调控结合起来,这对血管再生具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Aged mice exhibit widespread metabolic changes but preserved major fluxes 老年小鼠表现出广泛的代谢变化,但保留了主要的通量
IF 29 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.09.009
Connor S.R. Jankowski, Laith Z. Samarah, Michael R. MacArthur, Sarah J. Mitchell, Daniel R. Weilandt, Craig J. Hunter, Xianfeng Zeng, Melanie R. McReynolds, Joshua D. Rabinowitz
Metabolic dysregulation is a hallmark of aging. Here, we investigate in mice age-induced metabolic alterations using metabolomics and stable isotope tracing. Circulating metabolite fluxes and serum and tissue concentrations were measured in young and old (20–30 months) C57BL/6J mice, with young obese (ob/ob) mice as a comparator. For major circulating metabolites, concentrations changed more with age than fluxes, and fluxes changed more with obesity than with aging. Specifically, glucose, lactate, 3-hydroxybutryate, and many amino acids (but notably not taurine) change significantly in concentration with age. Only glutamine circulatory flux does so. The fluxes of major circulating metabolites remain stable despite underlying metabolic changes. For example, lysine catabolism shifts from the saccharopine toward the pipecolic acid pathway, and both pipecolic acid concentration and flux increase with aging. Other less-abundant metabolites also show coherent, age-induced concentration and flux changes. Thus, while aging leads to widespread metabolic changes, major metabolic fluxes are largely preserved.
代谢失调是衰老的标志。在这里,我们使用代谢组学和稳定同位素示踪来研究小鼠年龄诱导的代谢改变。测量了年轻和年老(20-30个月)C57BL/6J小鼠的循环代谢物通量、血清和组织浓度,并以年轻肥胖(ob/ob)小鼠为对照。对于主要循环代谢物,浓度随年龄的变化大于通量的变化,通量随肥胖的变化大于随衰老的变化。具体来说,葡萄糖、乳酸、3-羟基丁酸和许多氨基酸(但不包括牛磺酸)的浓度随着年龄的增长而显著变化。只有谷氨酰胺循环通量这样做。尽管潜在的代谢变化,主要循环代谢物的通量保持稳定。例如,赖氨酸的分解代谢从糖精途径转向细果酸途径,而细果酸的浓度和通量都随着年龄的增长而增加。其他较少的代谢物也表现出一致的、年龄引起的浓度和通量变化。因此,虽然衰老导致了广泛的代谢变化,但主要的代谢通量在很大程度上保留了下来。
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引用次数: 0
Nutrient allocation fuels T cell-mediated immunity 营养分配促进T细胞介导的免疫
IF 29 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.09.008
Joseph Longo, McLane J. Watson, Kelsey S. Williams, Ryan D. Sheldon, Russell G. Jones
T cell activation and function are intricately linked to metabolic reprogramming. The classic view of T cell metabolic reprogramming centers on glucose as the dominant bioenergetic fuel, where T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation promotes a metabolic switch from relying primarily on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production to aerobic glycolysis (i.e., the Warburg effect). More recently, studies have revealed this classic model to be overly simplistic. Activated T cells run both glycolysis and OXPHOS programs concurrently, allocating diverse nutrient sources toward distinct biosynthetic and bioenergetic fates. Moreover, studies of T cell metabolism in vivo and ex vivo highlight that physiologic nutrient availability influences how glucose is allocated by T cells to fuel both optimal proliferation and effector function. Here, we summarize recent advancements that support a revised model of effector T cell metabolism, where strategic nutrient allocation fuels optimal T cell-mediated immunity.
T细胞的激活和功能与代谢重编程有着复杂的联系。T细胞代谢重编程的经典观点集中在葡萄糖作为主要的生物能量燃料,其中T细胞受体(TCR)刺激促进代谢转换,从主要依赖氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)产生能量到有氧糖酵解(即Warburg效应)。最近的研究表明,这个经典模型过于简单。激活的T细胞同时运行糖酵解和OXPHOS程序,将不同的营养来源分配给不同的生物合成和生物能量命运。此外,对体内和体外T细胞代谢的研究强调,生理性营养供应影响T细胞如何分配葡萄糖,以促进最佳增殖和效应功能。在这里,我们总结了支持效应T细胞代谢修正模型的最新进展,其中战略性营养分配可促进最佳T细胞介导的免疫。
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引用次数: 0
Galnt2 neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus counterregulate hypoglycemia via a brain-liver neurocircuit 下丘脑腹内侧的Galnt2神经元通过脑-肝神经回路对低血糖进行反调节
IF 29 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.09.006
Junjie Wang, Xinyuan Sun, Xiangfei Gong, Wenling Dai, Hao Hong, Li Jiang, Zhonglong Wang, Zhiyuan Tang, Xiaobo Wu, Peng Sun, Yongjie Zhang, Kun Hao, Fang Zhou, Ying Cui, Tianyu Tang, Xiao Zheng, Lanqun Mao, Guangji Wang, Haiping Hao, Hao Xie
The brain relies heavily on glucose for energy resources, and thus prompt counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in connection with glucose production are fundamental. We identified a biphasic pattern in blood and hypothalamic glucose dynamics during prolonged fasting, revealing an additional threshold-dependent mechanism for counterregulation. This mechanism is mediated by a ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)→paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH)→lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (LPGi)→liver neurocircuit that detects neuroglycopenia and transmits neural signals to drive hepatic glucose production via intrahepatic sympathetic activation. Using viral tracing, single-nucleus RNA sequencing, and various unbiased methods, we identified Galnt2 as both a genetic marker and molecular brake of VMH glucose-inhibited neurons, modulating the glycemic threshold for hypoglycemia perception and metabolic homeostasis. Our results highlight a VMHGalnt2-originated brain-liver neurocircuit that perceives and counterregulates hypoglycemia and may pave the way to innovative therapeutic strategies against metabolic disorders characterized by glucose dysregulation.
大脑在很大程度上依赖葡萄糖作为能量来源,因此,与葡萄糖产生有关的低血糖的快速反调节反应是基本的。我们确定了长时间禁食期间血液和下丘脑葡萄糖动力学的双相模式,揭示了一个额外的阈值依赖机制。该机制由下丘脑腹内侧(VMH)→室旁下丘脑核(PVH)→外侧副巨细胞核(LPGi)→肝脏神经回路介导,该神经回路检测神经性糖减少症并通过肝内交感神经激活传递神经信号以驱动肝脏葡萄糖产生。通过病毒追踪、单核RNA测序和各种无偏方法,我们发现Galnt2既是VMH葡萄糖抑制神经元的遗传标记和分子刹车,调节低血糖感知和代谢稳态的血糖阈值。我们的研究结果强调了vmhgalnt2起源的脑-肝神经回路可以感知和反调节低血糖,并可能为针对以葡萄糖失调为特征的代谢紊乱的创新治疗策略铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Machine-learning-guided discovery of SLC25A45 as a mediator of mitochondrial methylated amino acid import and carnitine synthesis 机器学习引导下发现SLC25A45作为线粒体甲基化氨基酸输入和肉毒碱合成的中介
IF 29 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.09.015
Artem Khan, Frederick S. Yen, Gokhan Unlu, Nicole L. DelGaudio, Ranya Erdal, Michael Xiao, Khando Wangdu, Kevin Cho, Eric R. Gamazon, Gary J. Patti, Kıvanç Birsoy
Solute carriers (SLCs) regulate cellular and organismal metabolism by transporting small molecules and ions across membranes, yet the physiological substrates of ∼20% remain elusive. To address this, we developed a machine-learning platform to predict gene-metabolite associations. This approach identifies UNC93A and SLC45A4 as candidate plasma membrane transporters for acetylglucosamine and polyamines, respectively. Additionally, we uncover SLC25A45 as a mitochondrial transporter linked to serum levels of methylated basic amino acids, products of protein catabolism. Mechanistically, SLC25A45 is necessary for the mitochondrial import of methylated basic amino acids, including ADMA and TML, the latter serving as a precursor for carnitine synthesis. In line with this observation, SLC25A45 loss impairs carnitine synthesis and blunts upregulation of carnitine-containing metabolites under fasted conditions. By facilitating mitochondrial TML import, SLC25A45 connects protein catabolism to carnitine production, sustaining β-oxidation during fasting. Altogether, our study identifies putative substrates for three SLCs and provides a resource for transporter deorphanization.
溶质载体(SLCs)通过跨膜运输小分子和离子来调节细胞和生物体的代谢,但约20%的生理底物仍然难以捉摸。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了一个机器学习平台来预测基因代谢物的关联。该方法鉴定出UNC93A和SLC45A4分别是乙酰氨基葡萄糖和多胺的候选质膜转运蛋白。此外,我们发现SLC25A45作为线粒体转运体与血清甲基化碱性氨基酸水平相关,碱性氨基酸是蛋白质分解代谢的产物。从机制上说,SLC25A45对于线粒体进口甲基化的碱性氨基酸是必要的,包括ADMA和TML,后者作为肉毒碱合成的前体。与这一观察结果一致,SLC25A45的缺失会损害肉毒碱的合成,并在禁食条件下减弱含肉毒碱代谢物的上调。通过促进线粒体TML的输入,SLC25A45将蛋白质分解代谢与肉毒碱的产生联系起来,在禁食期间维持β氧化。总之,我们的研究确定了三种slc的假定底物,并为转运体去孤儿化提供了资源。
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引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchange—Can TMEM65 do it alone? 线粒体钠钙交换——TMEM65能单独完成吗?
IF 29 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.09.005
Joanne F. Garbincius, John W. Elrod
The mechanisms mediating calcium transport into and out of the mitochondrial matrix have critical implications for signaling, bioenergetics, and cell death. Zhang et al.1 propose that the protein TMEM65, recently identified as a key component of the mitochondrial calcium efflux machinery, functions as the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger. Their report encourages critical re-examination of the components required for mitochondrial calcium handling.
钙转运进出线粒体基质的机制对信号传导、生物能量学和细胞死亡具有重要意义。Zhang等人1提出,最近发现的线粒体钙外排机制的关键组成部分TMEM65蛋白起着线粒体钠/钙交换器的作用。他们的报告鼓励对线粒体钙处理所需的成分进行批判性的重新检查。
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引用次数: 0
An “electric” microbial cue to control food intake behavior 一种控制食物摄入行为的“电”微生物提示
IF 29 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.09.007
Huixian Li, Daniel Mucida
The gut conveys nutritional, mechanical, and microbial signals to the brain to regulate physiology and behavior. Writing in Nature, Liu et al. reveal a colonic neuropod-vagus circuit that senses bacterial flagellin, highlighting microbial input as a rapid driver of feeding control and expanding paradigms of communication between the gut and the brain.
肠道向大脑传递营养、机械和微生物信号,以调节生理和行为。Liu等人在《自然》杂志上发表文章,揭示了结肠神经足类-迷走神经回路可以感知细菌鞭毛蛋白,强调微生物输入是摄食控制的快速驱动因素,并扩展了肠道和大脑之间的交流模式。
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引用次数: 0
Imidazole propionate: Cause and cure in atherosclerosis? 丙酸咪唑:动脉粥样硬化的病因与治疗?
IF 29 1区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2025.08.006
Xiangqi Chen, Xiaoqiang Tang, Yanping Li, Jinhan He
Atherosclerosis remains the leading type of cardiovascular disease, yet its pathogenesis is not completely understood, hindering the development of effective early diagnostics and therapeutics. Recent work by Mastrangelo et al. in Nature has identified a novel driver of atherosclerosis, the gut microbiota-derived metabolite imidazole propionate, which triggers atherosclerosis via the imidazoline-1 receptor in myeloid cells.
动脉粥样硬化仍然是心血管疾病的主要类型,但其发病机制尚不完全清楚,阻碍了有效的早期诊断和治疗的发展。最近,Mastrangelo等人在《自然》杂志上的研究发现了一种新的动脉粥样硬化驱动因素,即肠道微生物衍生的代谢物咪唑丙酸盐,它通过髓细胞中的咪唑啉-1受体触发动脉粥样硬化。
{"title":"Imidazole propionate: Cause and cure in atherosclerosis?","authors":"Xiangqi Chen, Xiaoqiang Tang, Yanping Li, Jinhan He","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerosis remains the leading type of cardiovascular disease, yet its pathogenesis is not completely understood, hindering the development of effective early diagnostics and therapeutics. Recent work by Mastrangelo et al. in <em>Nature</em> has identified a novel driver of atherosclerosis, the gut microbiota-derived metabolite imidazole propionate, which triggers atherosclerosis via the imidazoline-1 receptor in myeloid cells.","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Cell metabolism
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