Ferroptosis is characterized as an iron-dependent and lipophilic form of cell death. However, it remains unclear what role ferroptosis has in adipose tissue function and activity. Here, we find a lower ferroptotic signature in the adipose tissue of individuals and mice with obesity. We further find that activation of ferroptotic signaling by a non-lethal dose of ferroptosis agonists significantly reduces lipid accumulation in primary adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Notably, adipocyte-specific overexpression of acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (Acsl4) or deletion of ferritin heavy chain (Fth) protects mice from HFD-induced adipose expansion and metabolic disorders via activation of ferroptotic signaling. Mechanistically, we find that 5,15-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5,15-DiHETE) activates ferroptotic signaling, resulting in the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α), thereby derepressing a thermogenic program regulated by the c-Myc-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 beta (Pgc1β) pathway. Our findings suggest that activating ferroptosis signaling in adipose tissues might help to prevent and treat obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
{"title":"Adipocyte-derived ferroptotic signaling mitigates obesity","authors":"Xue Wang, Qian Wu, Meijuan Zhong, Ying Chen, Yudi Wang, Xin Li, Wenxi Zhao, Chaodong Ge, Xinhui Wang, Yingying Yu, Sisi Yang, Tianyi Wang, Enjun Xie, Wanting Shi, Junxia Min, Fudi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroptosis is characterized as an iron-dependent and lipophilic form of cell death. However, it remains unclear what role ferroptosis has in adipose tissue function and activity. Here, we find a lower ferroptotic signature in the adipose tissue of individuals and mice with obesity. We further find that activation of ferroptotic signaling by a non-lethal dose of ferroptosis agonists significantly reduces lipid accumulation in primary adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Notably, adipocyte-specific overexpression of acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (<em>Acsl4</em>) or deletion of ferritin heavy chain (<em>F</em><em>th</em>) protects mice from HFD-induced adipose expansion and metabolic disorders via activation of ferroptotic signaling. Mechanistically, we find that 5,15-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5,15-DiHETE) activates ferroptotic signaling, resulting in the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α), thereby derepressing a thermogenic program regulated by the c-Myc-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 beta (Pgc1β) pathway. Our findings suggest that activating ferroptosis signaling in adipose tissues might help to prevent and treat obesity and its related metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The essential amino acid methionine plays a pivotal role in one-carbon metabolism, facilitating the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a critical supplier for DNA methylation and thereby a modulator of gene expression. Here, we report that the methionine cycle is disrupted in skeletal muscle during cancer cachexia, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA hypomethylation-induced expression of the DNA damage inducible transcript 4 (Ddit4) gene, encoding the regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) protein. Targeting DNA methylation by depletion or pharmacological inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) exacerbates cachexia, while restoring DNMT3A expression or REDD1 knockout alleviates cancer cachexia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Methionine supplementation restores DNA methylation of the Ddit4 promoter in a DNMT3A-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-mediated Ddit4 transcription. Thus, with the identification of the methionine/SAM-DNMT3A/DNA hypomethylation-Ddit4/REDD1 axis, our study provides molecular insights into an epigenetic mechanism underlying cancer cachexia, and it suggests nutrient supplementation as a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent or reverse cachectic muscle atrophy.
{"title":"Disrupted methionine cycle triggers muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia through epigenetic regulation of REDD1","authors":"Kai Lin, Lulu Wei, Ranran Wang, Li Li, Shiyu Song, Fei Wang, Meiwei He, Wenyuan Pu, Jinglin Wang, Junaid Wazir, Wangsen Cao, Xiaozhong Yang, Eckardt Treuter, Rongrong Fan, Yongxiang Wang, Zhiqiang Huang, Hongwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.10.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"The essential amino acid methionine plays a pivotal role in one-carbon metabolism, facilitating the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a critical supplier for DNA methylation and thereby a modulator of gene expression. Here, we report that the methionine cycle is disrupted in skeletal muscle during cancer cachexia, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA hypomethylation-induced expression of the DNA damage inducible transcript 4 (<em>Ddit4</em>) gene, encoding the regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) protein. Targeting DNA methylation by depletion or pharmacological inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) exacerbates cachexia, while restoring DNMT3A expression or REDD1 knockout alleviates cancer cachexia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Methionine supplementation restores DNA methylation of the <em>Ddit4</em> promoter in a DNMT3A-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-mediated <em>Ddit4</em> transcription. Thus, with the identification of the methionine/SAM-DNMT3A/DNA hypomethylation-<em>Ddit4</em>/REDD1 axis, our study provides molecular insights into an epigenetic mechanism underlying cancer cachexia, and it suggests nutrient supplementation as a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent or reverse cachectic muscle atrophy.","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.009
Amelia M. Douglass, Hakan Kucukdereli, Joseph C. Madara, Daqing Wang, Chen Wu, Elijah D. Lowenstein, Jenkang Tao, Bradford B. Lowell
When food is freely available, eating occurs without energy deficit. While agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are likely involved, their activation is thought to require negative energy balance. To investigate this, we implemented long-term, continuous in vivo fiber-photometry recordings in mice. We discovered new forms of AgRP neuron regulation, including fast pre-ingestive decreases in activity and unexpectedly rapid activation by fasting. Furthermore, AgRP neuron activity has a circadian rhythm that peaks concurrent with the daily feeding onset. Importantly, this rhythm persists when nutrition is provided via constant-rate gastric infusions. Hence, it is not secondary to a circadian feeding rhythm. The AgRP neuron rhythm is driven by the circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), as SCN ablation abolishes the circadian rhythm in AgRP neuron activity and feeding. The SCN activates AgRP neurons via excitatory afferents from thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-expressing neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMHTrh neurons) to drive daily feeding rhythms.
{"title":"Acute and circadian feedforward regulation of agouti-related peptide hunger neurons","authors":"Amelia M. Douglass, Hakan Kucukdereli, Joseph C. Madara, Daqing Wang, Chen Wu, Elijah D. Lowenstein, Jenkang Tao, Bradford B. Lowell","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"When food is freely available, eating occurs without energy deficit. While agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are likely involved, their activation is thought to require negative energy balance. To investigate this, we implemented long-term, continuous <em>in vivo</em> fiber-photometry recordings in mice. We discovered new forms of AgRP neuron regulation, including fast pre-ingestive decreases in activity and unexpectedly rapid activation by fasting. Furthermore, AgRP neuron activity has a circadian rhythm that peaks concurrent with the daily feeding onset. Importantly, this rhythm persists when nutrition is provided via constant-rate gastric infusions. Hence, it is not secondary to a circadian feeding rhythm. The AgRP neuron rhythm is driven by the circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), as SCN ablation abolishes the circadian rhythm in AgRP neuron activity and feeding. The SCN activates AgRP neurons via excitatory afferents from thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-expressing neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH<sup><em>Trh</em></sup> neurons) to drive daily feeding rhythms.","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.008
Aijun Long, Yazhuo Wang, Yihua Guo, Jie Hong, Guang Ning, Zhuoxian Meng, Jiqiu Wang, Yiguo Wang
Glucagon is essential for glucose homeostasis, and its dysregulation is associated with diabetes. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms governing glucagon secretion remain incompletely understood. Here, we unveil that famsin, a gut-secreted hormone, promotes glucagon release and modulates glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, famsin binds to its receptor OLFR796 in mice (OR10P1 in humans), initiating calcium release in the endoplasmic reticulum of islet α cells. This process triggers glucagon secretion, consequently promoting hepatic glucose production through glucagon signaling. Furthermore, deficiency of famsin signaling reduces hepatic glucose production and lowers blood glucose levels, underscoring the significance of the famsin-glucagon axis in glucose homeostasis. Therefore, our findings establish famsin as a crucial regulator of glucagon secretion and provide valuable insights into the intricate gut-islet-liver interorgan crosstalk that maintains glucose homeostasis.
{"title":"A famsin-glucagon axis mediates glucose homeostasis","authors":"Aijun Long, Yazhuo Wang, Yihua Guo, Jie Hong, Guang Ning, Zhuoxian Meng, Jiqiu Wang, Yiguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"Glucagon is essential for glucose homeostasis, and its dysregulation is associated with diabetes. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms governing glucagon secretion remain incompletely understood. Here, we unveil that famsin, a gut-secreted hormone, promotes glucagon release and modulates glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, famsin binds to its receptor OLFR796 in mice (OR10P1 in humans), initiating calcium release in the endoplasmic reticulum of islet α cells. This process triggers glucagon secretion, consequently promoting hepatic glucose production through glucagon signaling. Furthermore, deficiency of famsin signaling reduces hepatic glucose production and lowers blood glucose levels, underscoring the significance of the famsin-glucagon axis in glucose homeostasis. Therefore, our findings establish famsin as a crucial regulator of glucagon secretion and provide valuable insights into the intricate gut-islet-liver interorgan crosstalk that maintains glucose homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.004
Francesca Ligorio, Andrea Vingiani, Tommaso Torelli, Caterina Sposetti, Lorenzo Drufuca, Fabio Iannelli, Lucrezia Zanenga, Catherine Depretto, Secondo Folli, Gianfranco Scaperrotta, Giuseppe Capri, Giulia V. Bianchi, Cristina Ferraris, Gabriele Martelli, Ilaria Maugeri, Leonardo Provenzano, Federico Nichetti, Luca Agnelli, Riccardo Lobefaro, Giovanni Fucà, Claudio Vernieri
In preclinical experiments, cyclic fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) showed broad anticancer effects in combination with chemotherapy. Among different tumor types, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is exquisitely sensitive to FMD. However, the antitumor activity and efficacy of cyclic FMD in TNBC patients remain unclear. Here, we show that a severely calorie-restricted, triweekly, 5-day FMD regimen results in excellent pathologic complete response (pCR) rates (primary endpoint) and long-term clinical outcomes (secondary endpoints) when combined with preoperative chemotherapy in 30 patients with early-stage TNBC enrolled in the phase 2 trial BREAKFAST. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that highly glycolytic cancer cells, myeloid cells, and pericytes from tumors achieving pCR undergo a significant, early downmodulation of pathways related to glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism. Our findings pave the wave for conducting larger clinical trials to investigate the efficacy of cyclic FMD in early-stage TNBC patients and to validate early changes of intratumor glycolysis as a predictor of clinical benefit from nutrient restriction. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04248998).
{"title":"Early downmodulation of tumor glycolysis predicts response to fasting-mimicking diet in triple-negative breast cancer patients","authors":"Francesca Ligorio, Andrea Vingiani, Tommaso Torelli, Caterina Sposetti, Lorenzo Drufuca, Fabio Iannelli, Lucrezia Zanenga, Catherine Depretto, Secondo Folli, Gianfranco Scaperrotta, Giuseppe Capri, Giulia V. Bianchi, Cristina Ferraris, Gabriele Martelli, Ilaria Maugeri, Leonardo Provenzano, Federico Nichetti, Luca Agnelli, Riccardo Lobefaro, Giovanni Fucà, Claudio Vernieri","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"In preclinical experiments, cyclic fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) showed broad anticancer effects in combination with chemotherapy. Among different tumor types, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is exquisitely sensitive to FMD. However, the antitumor activity and efficacy of cyclic FMD in TNBC patients remain unclear. Here, we show that a severely calorie-restricted, triweekly, 5-day FMD regimen results in excellent pathologic complete response (pCR) rates (primary endpoint) and long-term clinical outcomes (secondary endpoints) when combined with preoperative chemotherapy in 30 patients with early-stage TNBC enrolled in the phase 2 trial BREAKFAST. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that highly glycolytic cancer cells, myeloid cells, and pericytes from tumors achieving pCR undergo a significant, early downmodulation of pathways related to glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism. Our findings pave the wave for conducting larger clinical trials to investigate the efficacy of cyclic FMD in early-stage TNBC patients and to validate early changes of intratumor glycolysis as a predictor of clinical benefit from nutrient restriction. This study was registered at <span><span>Clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> (NCT04248998).","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.006
Isabel Reinisch, Adhideb Ghosh, Falko Noé, Wenfei Sun, Hua Dong, Peter Leary, Arne Dietrich, Anne Hoffmann, Matthias Blüher, Christian Wolfrum
Precision medicine is still not considered as a standard of care in obesity treatment, despite a large heterogeneity in the metabolic phenotype of individuals with obesity. One of the strongest factors influencing the variability in metabolic disease risk is adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction; however, there is little understanding of the link between distinct cell populations, cell-type-specific transcriptional programs, and disease severity. Here, we generated a comprehensive cellular map of subcutaneous and visceral AT of individuals with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. By combining single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data with bulk transcriptomics and clinical parameters, we identified that mesothelial cells, adipocytes, and adipocyte-progenitor cells exhibit the strongest correlation with metabolic disease. Furthermore, we uncovered cell-specific transcriptional programs, such as the transitioning of mesothelial cells to a mesenchymal phenotype, that are involved in uncoupling obesity from metabolic disease. Together, these findings provide valuable insights by revealing biological drivers of clinical endpoints.
{"title":"Unveiling adipose populations linked to metabolic health in obesity","authors":"Isabel Reinisch, Adhideb Ghosh, Falko Noé, Wenfei Sun, Hua Dong, Peter Leary, Arne Dietrich, Anne Hoffmann, Matthias Blüher, Christian Wolfrum","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"Precision medicine is still not considered as a standard of care in obesity treatment, despite a large heterogeneity in the metabolic phenotype of individuals with obesity. One of the strongest factors influencing the variability in metabolic disease risk is adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction; however, there is little understanding of the link between distinct cell populations, cell-type-specific transcriptional programs, and disease severity. Here, we generated a comprehensive cellular map of subcutaneous and visceral AT of individuals with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. By combining single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data with bulk transcriptomics and clinical parameters, we identified that mesothelial cells, adipocytes, and adipocyte-progenitor cells exhibit the strongest correlation with metabolic disease. Furthermore, we uncovered cell-specific transcriptional programs, such as the transitioning of mesothelial cells to a mesenchymal phenotype, that are involved in uncoupling obesity from metabolic disease. Together, these findings provide valuable insights by revealing biological drivers of clinical endpoints.","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.001
Lexiang Yu, Yong Xiao Yang, Zhen Gong, Qianfen Wan, Yifei Du, Qiuzhong Zhou, Yang Xiao, Tarik Zahr, Zhaobin Wang, Zhewei Yu, Kangkang Yang, Jinyang Geng, Susan K. Fried, Jing Li, Rebecca A. Haeusler, Kam W. Leong, Lin Bai, Yingjie Wu, Lei Sun, Pan Wang, Li Qiang
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is traditionally recognized as a plasma protein that neutralizes antigens for immune defense. However, our research demonstrates that IgG predominantly accumulates in adipose tissue during obesity development, triggering insulin resistance and macrophage infiltration. This accumulation is governed by neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-dependent recycling, orchestrated in adipose progenitor cells and macrophages during the early and late stages of diet-induced obesity (DIO), respectively. Targeting FcRn abolished IgG accumulation and rectified insulin resistance and metabolic degeneration in DIO. By integrating artificial intelligence (AI) modeling with in vivo and in vitro experimental models, we unexpectedly uncovered an interaction between IgG’s Fc-CH3 domain and the insulin receptor's ectodomain. This interaction hinders insulin binding, consequently obstructing insulin signaling and adipocyte functions. These findings unveil adipose IgG accumulation as a driving force in obesity pathophysiology, providing a novel therapeutic strategy to tackle metabolic dysfunctions.
{"title":"FcRn-dependent IgG accumulation in adipose tissue unmasks obesity pathophysiology","authors":"Lexiang Yu, Yong Xiao Yang, Zhen Gong, Qianfen Wan, Yifei Du, Qiuzhong Zhou, Yang Xiao, Tarik Zahr, Zhaobin Wang, Zhewei Yu, Kangkang Yang, Jinyang Geng, Susan K. Fried, Jing Li, Rebecca A. Haeusler, Kam W. Leong, Lin Bai, Yingjie Wu, Lei Sun, Pan Wang, Li Qiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is traditionally recognized as a plasma protein that neutralizes antigens for immune defense. However, our research demonstrates that IgG predominantly accumulates in adipose tissue during obesity development, triggering insulin resistance and macrophage infiltration. This accumulation is governed by neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-dependent recycling, orchestrated in adipose progenitor cells and macrophages during the early and late stages of diet-induced obesity (DIO), respectively. Targeting FcRn abolished IgG accumulation and rectified insulin resistance and metabolic degeneration in DIO. By integrating artificial intelligence (AI) modeling with <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experimental models, we unexpectedly uncovered an interaction between IgG’s Fc-CH3 domain and the insulin receptor's ectodomain. This interaction hinders insulin binding, consequently obstructing insulin signaling and adipocyte functions. These findings unveil adipose IgG accumulation as a driving force in obesity pathophysiology, providing a novel therapeutic strategy to tackle metabolic dysfunctions.","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.007
Honghao Huang, Yifan Chen, Wei Xu, Linlin Cao, Kun Qian, Evelyne Bischof, Brian K. Kennedy, Jun Pu
Chronological age is a crucial risk factor for diseases and disabilities among older adults. However, individuals of the same chronological age often exhibit divergent biological aging states, resulting in distinct individual risk profiles. Chronological age estimators based on omics data and machine learning techniques, known as aging clocks, provide a valuable framework for interpreting molecular-level biological aging. Metabolomics is an intriguing and rapidly growing field of study, involving the comprehensive profiling of small molecules within the body and providing the ultimate genome-environment interaction readout. Consequently, leveraging metabolomics to characterize biological aging holds immense potential. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of metabolomics approaches, highlighting the establishment and interpretation of metabolomic aging clocks while emphasizing their strengths, limitations, and applications, and to discuss their underlying biological significance, which has the potential to drive innovation in longevity research and development.
{"title":"Decoding aging clocks: New insights from metabolomics","authors":"Honghao Huang, Yifan Chen, Wei Xu, Linlin Cao, Kun Qian, Evelyne Bischof, Brian K. Kennedy, Jun Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"Chronological age is a crucial risk factor for diseases and disabilities among older adults. However, individuals of the same chronological age often exhibit divergent biological aging states, resulting in distinct individual risk profiles. Chronological age estimators based on omics data and machine learning techniques, known as aging clocks, provide a valuable framework for interpreting molecular-level biological aging. Metabolomics is an intriguing and rapidly growing field of study, involving the comprehensive profiling of small molecules within the body and providing the ultimate genome-environment interaction readout. Consequently, leveraging metabolomics to characterize biological aging holds immense potential. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of metabolomics approaches, highlighting the establishment and interpretation of metabolomic aging clocks while emphasizing their strengths, limitations, and applications, and to discuss their underlying biological significance, which has the potential to drive innovation in longevity research and development.","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.002
Aaron M. Cypess, Barbara Cannon, Jan Nedergaard, Lawrence Kazak, Douglas C. Chang, Jonathan Krakoff, Yu-Hua Tseng, Camilla Schéele, Jeremie Boucher, Natasa Petrovic, Denis P. Blondin, André C. Carpentier, Kirsi A. Virtanen, Sander Kooijman, Patrick C.N. Rensen, Cheryl Cero, Shingo Kajimura
Until two decades ago, brown adipose tissue (BAT) was studied primarily as a thermogenic organ of small rodents in the context of cold adaptation. The discovery of functional human BAT has opened new opportunities to understand its physiological role in energy balance and therapeutic applications for metabolic disorders. Significantly, the role of BAT extends far beyond thermogenesis, including glucose and lipid homeostasis, by releasing mediators that communicate with other cells and organs. The field has made major advances by using new model systems, ranging from subcellular studies to clinical trials, which have also led to debates. In this perspective, we identify six fundamental issues that are currently controversial and comprise dichotomous models. Each side presents supporting evidence and, critically, the necessary methods and falsifiable experiments that would resolve the dispute. With this collaborative approach, the field will continue to productively advance the understanding of BAT physiology, appreciate the importance of thermogenic adipocytes as a central area of ongoing research, and realize the therapeutic potential.
{"title":"Emerging debates and resolutions in brown adipose tissue research","authors":"Aaron M. Cypess, Barbara Cannon, Jan Nedergaard, Lawrence Kazak, Douglas C. Chang, Jonathan Krakoff, Yu-Hua Tseng, Camilla Schéele, Jeremie Boucher, Natasa Petrovic, Denis P. Blondin, André C. Carpentier, Kirsi A. Virtanen, Sander Kooijman, Patrick C.N. Rensen, Cheryl Cero, Shingo Kajimura","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"Until two decades ago, brown adipose tissue (BAT) was studied primarily as a thermogenic organ of small rodents in the context of cold adaptation. The discovery of functional human BAT has opened new opportunities to understand its physiological role in energy balance and therapeutic applications for metabolic disorders. Significantly, the role of BAT extends far beyond thermogenesis, including glucose and lipid homeostasis, by releasing mediators that communicate with other cells and organs. The field has made major advances by using new model systems, ranging from subcellular studies to clinical trials, which have also led to debates. In this perspective, we identify six fundamental issues that are currently controversial and comprise dichotomous models. Each side presents supporting evidence and, critically, the necessary methods and falsifiable experiments that would resolve the dispute. With this collaborative approach, the field will continue to productively advance the understanding of BAT physiology, appreciate the importance of thermogenic adipocytes as a central area of ongoing research, and realize the therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.003
Xinxin Yu, Shiuhwei Chen, Jan-Bernd Funcke, Leon G. Straub, Valentina Pirro, Margo P. Emont, Brian A. Droz, Kyla AI. Collins, Chanmin Joung, Mackenzie J. Pearson, Corey M. James, Gopal J. Babu, Vissarion Efthymiou, Ashley Vernon, Mary Elizabeth Patti, Yu A. An, Evan D. Rosen, Matthew P. Coghlan, Ricardo J. Samms, Philipp E. Scherer, Christine M. Kusminski
Obesity is a chronic disease that contributes to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular risk. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) co-agonism provide an improved therapeutic profile in individuals with T2D and obesity when compared with selective GLP-1R agonism. Although the metabolic benefits of GLP-1R agonism are established, whether GIPR activation impacts weight loss through peripheral mechanisms is yet to be fully defined. Here, we generated a mouse model of GIPR induction exclusively in the adipocyte. We show that GIPR induction in the fat cell protects mice from diet-induced obesity and triggers profound weight loss (∼35%) in an obese setting. Adipose GIPR further increases lipid oxidation, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that GIPR induction activates SERCA-mediated futile calcium cycling in the adipocyte. GIPR activation further triggers a metabolic memory effect, which maintains weight loss after the transgene has been switched off, highlighting a unique aspect in adipocyte biology. Collectively, we present a mechanism of peripheral GIPR action in adipose tissue, which exerts beneficial metabolic effects on body weight and energy balance.
{"title":"The GIP receptor activates futile calcium cycling in white adipose tissue to increase energy expenditure and drive weight loss in mice","authors":"Xinxin Yu, Shiuhwei Chen, Jan-Bernd Funcke, Leon G. Straub, Valentina Pirro, Margo P. Emont, Brian A. Droz, Kyla AI. Collins, Chanmin Joung, Mackenzie J. Pearson, Corey M. James, Gopal J. Babu, Vissarion Efthymiou, Ashley Vernon, Mary Elizabeth Patti, Yu A. An, Evan D. Rosen, Matthew P. Coghlan, Ricardo J. Samms, Philipp E. Scherer, Christine M. Kusminski","doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a chronic disease that contributes to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular risk. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) co-agonism provide an improved therapeutic profile in individuals with T2D and obesity when compared with selective GLP-1R agonism. Although the metabolic benefits of GLP-1R agonism are established, whether GIPR activation impacts weight loss through peripheral mechanisms is yet to be fully defined. Here, we generated a mouse model of GIPR induction exclusively in the adipocyte. We show that GIPR induction in the fat cell protects mice from diet-induced obesity and triggers profound weight loss (∼35%) in an obese setting. Adipose GIPR further increases lipid oxidation, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that GIPR induction activates SERCA-mediated futile calcium cycling in the adipocyte. GIPR activation further triggers a metabolic memory effect, which maintains weight loss after the transgene has been switched off, highlighting a unique aspect in adipocyte biology. Collectively, we present a mechanism of peripheral GIPR action in adipose tissue, which exerts beneficial metabolic effects on body weight and energy balance.","PeriodicalId":9840,"journal":{"name":"Cell metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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