Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.84
K. Shalmagambetov, G.J. Zhaksylykova, F. Kanapieva, N.J. Kudaibergenov, G. Abyzbekova
Reactions based on CO allow the synthesis of almost all oxygen-containing organic compounds, which are important raw materials for obtaining practically valuable products of wide consumption. Alkoxycarbonylation of olefins with CO and various alcohols in the presence of metal complex catalysts synthesizes esters of carboxylic acids in one step. The purpose:In accordance with previously synthesized ethyl esters of enanthic and 2-methylcapronic acids in the reaction of ethoxycarbonylation of hexene-1 with СОin the presence of the catalytic system PdCl2(PPh3)2-PPh3-AlCl3in this work we planned to synthesize ethyl esters of capronic and 2-methylvalerian acids by hydroethoxycarbonylation of pentene-1 with CO in the presence of the same catalytic system. Methodology: The autoclave was sealedand then filled with CO to 1.5 MPa pressure. The pressure of CO was brought to 2.0 MPa, the temperature was raised to 1000C for 1 hour and at this pressure and temperature the reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h. Results and discussion: Experimental results show that the reaction proceeds with the formation of two isomeric products of linear (EECA) and branched structure (EE-2-MVA). Optimal reaction conditions have been found, at which the yield of the target products (sum of isomeric esters of EECA and EE-2-MVA) reaches 74.72 %. Conclusion:The catalytic activity of the three-component system PdCl2(PPh3)2-PPh3-AlCl3 containing AlCl3as a promoter in the reaction of ethoxycarbonylation of pentene-1 has been established. The reaction proceeds with the formation of two isomeric products of linear (EECA) and branched structure (EE-2-MVA).
{"title":"ETHOXYCARBONYLATION OF PENTENE-1 IN THE PRESENCE OF PdCl2(PPh3)2-PPh3-AlCl3SYSTEM","authors":"K. Shalmagambetov, G.J. Zhaksylykova, F. Kanapieva, N.J. Kudaibergenov, G. Abyzbekova","doi":"10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.84","url":null,"abstract":"Reactions based on CO allow the synthesis of almost all oxygen-containing organic compounds, which are important raw materials for obtaining practically valuable products of wide consumption. Alkoxycarbonylation of olefins with CO and various alcohols in the presence of metal complex catalysts synthesizes esters of carboxylic acids in one step. The purpose:In accordance with previously synthesized ethyl esters of enanthic and 2-methylcapronic acids in the reaction of ethoxycarbonylation of hexene-1 with СОin the presence of the catalytic system PdCl2(PPh3)2-PPh3-AlCl3in this work we planned to synthesize ethyl esters of capronic and 2-methylvalerian acids by hydroethoxycarbonylation of pentene-1 with CO in the presence of the same catalytic system. Methodology: The autoclave was sealedand then filled with CO to 1.5 MPa pressure. The pressure of CO was brought to 2.0 MPa, the temperature was raised to 1000C for 1 hour and at this pressure and temperature the reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h. Results and discussion: Experimental results show that the reaction proceeds with the formation of two isomeric products of linear (EECA) and branched structure (EE-2-MVA). Optimal reaction conditions have been found, at which the yield of the target products (sum of isomeric esters of EECA and EE-2-MVA) reaches 74.72 %. Conclusion:The catalytic activity of the three-component system PdCl2(PPh3)2-PPh3-AlCl3 containing AlCl3as a promoter in the reaction of ethoxycarbonylation of pentene-1 has been established. The reaction proceeds with the formation of two isomeric products of linear (EECA) and branched structure (EE-2-MVA).","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80679181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.79
А.B. Kaldybayeva, А.Е. Malmakova, V. Yu, E. V. Neborak
The problem of creating new effective domestic pharmacological preparations, including the development of the methods for obtaining biologically active substances in compliance with the “green chemistry” principles, are among the priority areas for the development of chemical science. The choice of an initial molecule, which carries the potential of biological activity, is the guarantor of a successful experimental search. Imidazole derivatives occupy a unique place in the medicinal chemistry. An imidazole cycle is part of the natural compounds such as histamine, biotin, some alkaloids and nucleic acids, and is a structural fragment of medicinal preparations. The goalof the present review is to analyze the publications on the chemistry of imidazole derivatives with an emphasis on the methods of obtaining biologically active and other practically useful molecules with an obligatory imidazole cycle. The objects of the study:imidazole derivatives. The examples of the routes of synthesizing imidazole derivatives, as well as the compounds of interest for the medicinal chemistry, agriculture, and other fields, which have been published in the scientific and technical literature since 2000, have been presented. Conclusion.The studies in the field of searching for new highly effective preparations among imidazole derivatives are relevant and promising. The most important stage in this search is the directed synthesis of the substances with the specified, practically useful properties. The range of new practically useful substances in the series of imidazole derivatives has been significantly expanded and replenished thanks to the modern modifications of the classical methods of their obtaining.
{"title":"PROSPECTS FOR THE CHEMISTRY OF IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES (Review)","authors":"А.B. Kaldybayeva, А.Е. Malmakova, V. Yu, E. V. Neborak","doi":"10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.79","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of creating new effective domestic pharmacological preparations, including the development of the methods for obtaining biologically active substances in compliance with the “green chemistry” principles, are among the priority areas for the development of chemical science. The choice of an initial molecule, which carries the potential of biological activity, is the guarantor of a successful experimental search. Imidazole derivatives occupy a unique place in the medicinal chemistry. An imidazole cycle is part of the natural compounds such as histamine, biotin, some alkaloids and nucleic acids, and is a structural fragment of medicinal preparations. The goalof the present review is to analyze the publications on the chemistry of imidazole derivatives with an emphasis on the methods of obtaining biologically active and other practically useful molecules with an obligatory imidazole cycle. The objects of the study:imidazole derivatives. The examples of the routes of synthesizing imidazole derivatives, as well as the compounds of interest for the medicinal chemistry, agriculture, and other fields, which have been published in the scientific and technical literature since 2000, have been presented. Conclusion.The studies in the field of searching for new highly effective preparations among imidazole derivatives are relevant and promising. The most important stage in this search is the directed synthesis of the substances with the specified, practically useful properties. The range of new practically useful substances in the series of imidazole derivatives has been significantly expanded and replenished thanks to the modern modifications of the classical methods of their obtaining.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74262719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.83
O. Yugay, T. Mikhailovskaya, K. Kadirbekov
Vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of pyridine alkyl derivatives is an effective method for obtaining a variety of physiologically active substances that are widely used in practice, as well as for the synthesis of solvents, starting materials for the production of dyes, herbicides, etc. For the process, a cheap oxidizing agent is used -atmospheric oxygen. Of great importance is the choice and creation of an active and selective process catalyst. Basically, the oxidation processes are carried out in the presence of catalysts based on vanadium oxide with the addition of transition metal oxides. The aim of the work.Study of the behavior of V-Zr-O catalysts modified with tin and niobium oxides in the vapor-phase oxidation of 2-methylpyridine. Metodology. Vapor-phase oxidation of 2-methylpyridine was carried out in a flow-type reactor simulating an element of an industrial contact apparatus. The reaction products were analyzed by chromatographic method. Results and disscution. It was shown that the component composition of the contact determines the catalytic action in the studied process, affecting not only the activity of the catalyst, but also the composition of the reaction products. By varying the conditions of the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of 2-methylpyridine, such as temperature, the molar ratio of the initial substance:О2:Н2О, it is possible to obtain both oxygen-containing derivatives (pyridine-2-aldehyde and picolinic acid) and pyridine, a product of oxidative demethylation. Conclusion.It has been established that pyridine, which is one of the important products of the vapor-phase oxidation of 2-methylpyridine, can be obtained in 85.3% yield on a V-Zr-O catalyst modified with niobium oxide.
{"title":"VAPOR-PHASE OXIDATION OF 2-METHYLPYRIDINEON V-Zr-O-CATALYSTS MODIFIED WITH TIN AND NIOBIUM OXIDES","authors":"O. Yugay, T. Mikhailovskaya, K. Kadirbekov","doi":"10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.83","url":null,"abstract":"Vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of pyridine alkyl derivatives is an effective method for obtaining a variety of physiologically active substances that are widely used in practice, as well as for the synthesis of solvents, starting materials for the production of dyes, herbicides, etc. For the process, a cheap oxidizing agent is used -atmospheric oxygen. Of great importance is the choice and creation of an active and selective process catalyst. Basically, the oxidation processes are carried out in the presence of catalysts based on vanadium oxide with the addition of transition metal oxides. The aim of the work.Study of the behavior of V-Zr-O catalysts modified with tin and niobium oxides in the vapor-phase oxidation of 2-methylpyridine. Metodology. Vapor-phase oxidation of 2-methylpyridine was carried out in a flow-type reactor simulating an element of an industrial contact apparatus. The reaction products were analyzed by chromatographic method. Results and disscution. It was shown that the component composition of the contact determines the catalytic action in the studied process, affecting not only the activity of the catalyst, but also the composition of the reaction products. By varying the conditions of the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of 2-methylpyridine, such as temperature, the molar ratio of the initial substance:О2:Н2О, it is possible to obtain both oxygen-containing derivatives (pyridine-2-aldehyde and picolinic acid) and pyridine, a product of oxidative demethylation. Conclusion.It has been established that pyridine, which is one of the important products of the vapor-phase oxidation of 2-methylpyridine, can be obtained in 85.3% yield on a V-Zr-O catalyst modified with niobium oxide.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89796482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.88
K.Zh. Dyussenbiyeva
The article analyzes the existing methods of imparting antimicrobial properties to textile materials and assesses their effectiveness. The purposeof the work. Production of woolen materials with antimicrobial properties. Methodology.The work uses scientific, logical, objective research methods. Results and discussion.Technologies for obtaining antimicrobial woolen materials have been developed. Studies have been conducted on the influence of the proposed compositions on the coefficient of resistance to microbiological destruction of woolen materials. It was found that the antimicrobial effect in all compositions is achieved at a minimumconcentration of polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, more than 80%. Studies on the resistance of antimicrobial properties of modified samples to repeated washings have shown that the coefficient of resistance to microbiological destruction is reduced by 10-16%. It follows that the proposed formulations have a residual antimicrobial effect. The influence of the developed compositions on the physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties of textile materials has been studied. The properties and structure of the objects of research are studied, and the mechanism of interaction of the components used is investigated. Parameters of application and heat treatment, the optimal modes of the technological process of finishing textile materials have been established. Conclusions.The developed technology provides antimicrobial activity of textile material while maintaining the hygienic and operational properties of woolen materials. Studies have shown that modified woolen textile materials acquire antimicrobial properties, and are not destroyed by microorganisms under operating conditions, and the quality indicators of textile materials do not deteriorate after processing.
{"title":"RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITIONS FOR WOOL MATERIALS","authors":"K.Zh. Dyussenbiyeva","doi":"10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.88","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the existing methods of imparting antimicrobial properties to textile materials and assesses their effectiveness. The purposeof the work. Production of woolen materials with antimicrobial properties. Methodology.The work uses scientific, logical, objective research methods. Results and discussion.Technologies for obtaining antimicrobial woolen materials have been developed. Studies have been conducted on the influence of the proposed compositions on the coefficient of resistance to microbiological destruction of woolen materials. It was found that the antimicrobial effect in all compositions is achieved at a minimumconcentration of polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, more than 80%. Studies on the resistance of antimicrobial properties of modified samples to repeated washings have shown that the coefficient of resistance to microbiological destruction is reduced by 10-16%. It follows that the proposed formulations have a residual antimicrobial effect. The influence of the developed compositions on the physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties of textile materials has been studied. The properties and structure of the objects of research are studied, and the mechanism of interaction of the components used is investigated. Parameters of application and heat treatment, the optimal modes of the technological process of finishing textile materials have been established. Conclusions.The developed technology provides antimicrobial activity of textile material while maintaining the hygienic and operational properties of woolen materials. Studies have shown that modified woolen textile materials acquire antimicrobial properties, and are not destroyed by microorganisms under operating conditions, and the quality indicators of textile materials do not deteriorate after processing.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75153412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.80
Zh. A. Sailau, N.Zh. lmas, K. Toshtay, A. Aldongarov
Among alternative sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and hydrogen energy, biofuel occupies a special place because it has a few useful properties. Compared to the current price of gasoline,the price of biofuel is very low. During its use, biofuel releases less greenhouse gases into the environment and is less flammable. However, in order to support biofuel, it is necessary to purify its composition from unnecessary glycerol, methanol, and free fatty acids. Free fatty acids in biofuel are flammable and pollute car engines. Various ionic liquids have been developed for the purification of biofuel. One of them is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide. The purpose of this work is to study the state of purification of free fatty acids in biofuel by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide at the molecular level using chemical quantum calculations. Methodology. HyperChem PM3 method was used for quantum chemical calculations of chemical structures, molecular electrostatic potentials, molecular orbitals, bond distances, and energies. Results. During the study of bond energy, bond length, and structure of free fatty acids in biofuel using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, it wasfound that there is a strong chemical bond between ionic liquid and free fatty acid. It is known that free fatty acids in biofuels chemically bond with hydrogen atoms close to nitrogen in ionic liquids. Conclusion. This research will contribute to the rational design of ionic liquids and will help advance research related to the purification of biofuels from free fatty acids.
{"title":"QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF CLEANING BIOFUEL FROM FREE FATTY ACIDS USING IONIC LIQUIDS AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL","authors":"Zh. A. Sailau, N.Zh. lmas, K. Toshtay, A. Aldongarov","doi":"10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.80","url":null,"abstract":"Among alternative sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and hydrogen energy, biofuel occupies a special place because it has a few useful properties. Compared to the current price of gasoline,the price of biofuel is very low. During its use, biofuel releases less greenhouse gases into the environment and is less flammable. However, in order to support biofuel, it is necessary to purify its composition from unnecessary glycerol, methanol, and free fatty acids. Free fatty acids in biofuel are flammable and pollute car engines. Various ionic liquids have been developed for the purification of biofuel. One of them is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide. The purpose of this work is to study the state of purification of free fatty acids in biofuel by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide at the molecular level using chemical quantum calculations. Methodology. HyperChem PM3 method was used for quantum chemical calculations of chemical structures, molecular electrostatic potentials, molecular orbitals, bond distances, and energies. Results. During the study of bond energy, bond length, and structure of free fatty acids in biofuel using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, it wasfound that there is a strong chemical bond between ionic liquid and free fatty acid. It is known that free fatty acids in biofuels chemically bond with hydrogen atoms close to nitrogen in ionic liquids. Conclusion. This research will contribute to the rational design of ionic liquids and will help advance research related to the purification of biofuels from free fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89982034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.78
U. Dzhusi̇pbekov, G. Nurgalieva, Z. Bayakhmetova
One of the most effective ways to increase the yield and quality of crops, restore soil fertility is the use of humate-containing organo-mineral fertilizers. The purposeof the work is to obtain highly effective humate-containing organo-mineral fertilizersby the interaction of phosphorite and sodium humate in acidic environments. Methodology.Methods of chemical and physicochemical analysis were used: infrared spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy.Results and discussion. The influence of the norm of a mixture of acids (80-110% by stoichiometry) and the amount of sodium humate (100-150 g), temperature (20-60°C) on the interaction process in a complex heterogeneous system "phosphorite -a mixture of phosphoric and nitric acids -sodium humate" was studied. The optimal conditions for obtaining humate-containing organo-mineral fertilizers were determined: the norm of the mixture of acids from stoichiometry is 90%, the amount of sodium humate is 130 g, the temperature is 60 ° C.Conclusion.It has been established that the addition of sodium humate to the process of decomposition of phosphorite with a mixture of phosphoric and nitric acids inhibits the retrogradation of P2O5, increases the coefficients of water-soluble and assimilable forms of phosphorus, reduces the amount of acidic reagent by 10% of the stoichiometry and neutralizes the free acidity of suspensions. On the basis of the conducted studies, humate-containing organo-mineral fertilizers were obtained, containing I eatdigestible forms of phosphorus Kusv.> 90% and more than 68% of nutrients.
{"title":"RECONCILIATION OF HIGH EFFECTIVE HUMAT-CONTAINING ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS","authors":"U. Dzhusi̇pbekov, G. Nurgalieva, Z. Bayakhmetova","doi":"10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.78","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most effective ways to increase the yield and quality of crops, restore soil fertility is the use of humate-containing organo-mineral fertilizers. The purposeof the work is to obtain highly effective humate-containing organo-mineral fertilizersby the interaction of phosphorite and sodium humate in acidic environments. Methodology.Methods of chemical and physicochemical analysis were used: infrared spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy.Results and discussion. The influence of the norm of a mixture of acids (80-110% by stoichiometry) and the amount of sodium humate (100-150 g), temperature (20-60°C) on the interaction process in a complex heterogeneous system \"phosphorite -a mixture of phosphoric and nitric acids -sodium humate\" was studied. The optimal conditions for obtaining humate-containing organo-mineral fertilizers were determined: the norm of the mixture of acids from stoichiometry is 90%, the amount of sodium humate is 130 g, the temperature is 60 ° C.Conclusion.It has been established that the addition of sodium humate to the process of decomposition of phosphorite with a mixture of phosphoric and nitric acids inhibits the retrogradation of P2O5, increases the coefficients of water-soluble and assimilable forms of phosphorus, reduces the amount of acidic reagent by 10% of the stoichiometry and neutralizes the free acidity of suspensions. On the basis of the conducted studies, humate-containing organo-mineral fertilizers were obtained, containing I eatdigestible forms of phosphorus Kusv.> 90% and more than 68% of nutrients.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84634363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.73
B. Bakirova, I. Smagulova, D. Akbayeva
The compositions of polymer-metal complexes based on copper (II) chloride and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) have been determined by the potentiometric method. Based on the experimental data, obtained to determine the composition of the complex, the titration curves have been plotted, and the optimal molar ratios of the reacting components have been found. The Bjerrum’s formation functions have been calculated. The obtained data indicate the formation of the polymer copper complexes, in which there are two PEG mono-links per two copper ions-complexing agent (1:2 in the Cu2+-PEG), and in the case of PVP, there are three ones (1:3 in the Cu2+-PVP). On the basis of thermodynamic constants of stability, using isotherm equations and isobars of Vant Hoff and Gibbs, Gibbs’ energy (DrG0), enthalpy (DrH0) and entropy (DrS0) changes have been calculated. The complexation process in the Cu2+-PEG and Cu2+-PEG systems is characterized by negative Gibbs’ energies, which indicates a spontaneous occurrence of the polymer-metal complex (PMC) formation process in these systems. In contrast, the complexation of copper ions with PEG is accompanied by the large positive enthalpy values, which indicate that the interaction of Cu2+ with the functional groups of the polymer is energetically unfavorable. The entropy values are positive, which can be explained by the dehydration of ions and functional groups, acting as ligands and a chelating effect during complexation, when one ion binds to several functional groups. The structure of the synthesized complexes has been investigated by IR spectroscopy.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of copper (II) chloride complexes with non-ionic polymers PEG and PVP","authors":"B. Bakirova, I. Smagulova, D. Akbayeva","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.73","url":null,"abstract":"The compositions of polymer-metal complexes based on copper (II) chloride and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) have been determined by the potentiometric method. Based on the experimental data, obtained to determine the composition of the complex, the titration curves have been plotted, and the optimal molar ratios of the reacting components have been found. The Bjerrum’s formation functions have been calculated. The obtained data indicate the formation of the polymer copper complexes, in which there are two PEG mono-links per two copper ions-complexing agent (1:2 in the Cu2+-PEG), and in the case of PVP, there are three ones (1:3 in the Cu2+-PVP). On the basis of thermodynamic constants of stability, using isotherm equations and isobars of Vant Hoff and Gibbs, Gibbs’ energy (DrG0), enthalpy (DrH0) and entropy (DrS0) changes have been calculated. The complexation process in the Cu2+-PEG and Cu2+-PEG systems is characterized by negative Gibbs’ energies, which indicates a spontaneous occurrence of the polymer-metal complex (PMC) formation process in these systems. In contrast, the complexation of copper ions with PEG is accompanied by the large positive enthalpy values, which indicate that the interaction of Cu2+ with the functional groups of the polymer is energetically unfavorable. The entropy values are positive, which can be explained by the dehydration of ions and functional groups, acting as ligands and a chelating effect during complexation, when one ion binds to several functional groups. The structure of the synthesized complexes has been investigated by IR spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87661122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.69
A. Dyuryagina, D.Yu. Kozik, A.I. Degert, М.Yu. Lezhneva
In systems based on bituminous film-forming agents, the adsorption of a surfactant AC-1 at the interface with air and aluminum powder has been studied. The effect of temperature, quantitative contents of the film-forming and initial surfactant concentration on the parameters and mechanism of AC-1 concentration on the interface has been established. The equilibrium indicators of the adsorption of surfactant AC-1 at the interface between the film-forming agent and air were determined (limiting adsorption Г∞, thickness of the adsorption layer δ of the surfactant AC-1 group, landing area S of the functional group of AC-1 surfactants). A decrease in Г∞in 1.5-2.0 times (0.91∙ 10-5mol/m2 with Ĉs = 1.78) and δ (2.80∙10-9÷3.00∙10-9 m) with an increase in temperature from 280 to 310K and solvent concentration up to Ĉs = 1.78. The area S of the occupied amino group in the adsorption layer was 8.50 ∙ 10-20÷10.00 ∙ 10-20 m2. The value of the resulting thermal effect (ΔН) for bituminous compositions with Ĉs = 1.17÷1.78, regardless of the surfactant content, is plus 38-40 kJ/mol;for compositions with a solvent content of 1.78 (ĈSAA = 0.06) with an increase in temperature from 300 to 313 K, there was a decrease in the resulting adsorption index by 1.0 ∙ 10-6mol/m2 and ΔH to a level of 20÷1.5 kJ/mol2.A proportional increase in the adsorption of AC-1 on aluminum powder from the initial concentration of surfactants and an insignificant decrease in the adsorption index in systems more concentrated in bitumen were established.
{"title":"Investigation of organic amine derivative adsorption at the interfaceof pigment and air","authors":"A. Dyuryagina, D.Yu. Kozik, A.I. Degert, М.Yu. Lezhneva","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.69","url":null,"abstract":"In systems based on bituminous film-forming agents, the adsorption of a surfactant AC-1 at the interface with air and aluminum powder has been studied. The effect of temperature, quantitative contents of the film-forming and initial surfactant concentration on the parameters and mechanism of AC-1 concentration on the interface has been established. The equilibrium indicators of the adsorption of surfactant AC-1 at the interface between the film-forming agent and air were determined (limiting adsorption Г∞, thickness of the adsorption layer δ of the surfactant AC-1 group, landing area S of the functional group of AC-1 surfactants). A decrease in Г∞in 1.5-2.0 times (0.91∙ 10-5mol/m2 with Ĉs = 1.78) and δ (2.80∙10-9÷3.00∙10-9 m) with an increase in temperature from 280 to 310K and solvent concentration up to Ĉs = 1.78. The area S of the occupied amino group in the adsorption layer was 8.50 ∙ 10-20÷10.00 ∙ 10-20 m2. The value of the resulting thermal effect (ΔН) for bituminous compositions with Ĉs = 1.17÷1.78, regardless of the surfactant content, is plus 38-40 kJ/mol;for compositions with a solvent content of 1.78 (ĈSAA = 0.06) with an increase in temperature from 300 to 313 K, there was a decrease in the resulting adsorption index by 1.0 ∙ 10-6mol/m2 and ΔH to a level of 20÷1.5 kJ/mol2.A proportional increase in the adsorption of AC-1 on aluminum powder from the initial concentration of surfactants and an insignificant decrease in the adsorption index in systems more concentrated in bitumen were established.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73120571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.75
E. Yergaliyeva, L. Kayukova, M. Gubenko, G. Baitursynova, A. Uzakova
We have previously obtained new spiropyrazolinium compounds by arylsulfochlorination of β-aminopropioamidoximes. But it was found that under certain conditions, the main or by-product of β-(thiomorpholine-1-yl)propioamidoxime tosylation was 2-amino-8-thia-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium chloride monohydrate. In the case of other β-aminopropioamidoximes, only 2-amino-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium arylsulfonates were isolated. The aim of the work is to perform a theoretical comparison of reactions of tosylation, para- and ortho-nitrobenzenesulfochlorination of β-aminopropioamidoximes and evaluate the propability of 2-amino-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium chlorides monohydrates formation. Methodology. The calculations were performed using Gaussian 09 package by DFT/B3LYP/6-31G++(d,p) method. Results and discussion. Thermodynamically preferred products were identified by comparing the Gibbs free energies of reactions. Chemical stability and reactivity parameters for 2-amino-8-thia-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium chloride monohydrate, tosylate, para-nitrophenylsulphonate and ortho-nitrophenylsulphonate were predicted based on calculated HOMO and LUMO energies. In most cases arylsulfonates are thermodynamically favorable, except when the initial substrate is β-(thiomorpholine-1-yl)propioamidoxime. Conclusion. 2-Amino-8-thia-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium chloride monohydrate is more preferred compared to the corresponding arylsulphonates.
{"title":"Free energies of 2-amino-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium chlorides monohydrates and arylsulfonates formation at β-aminopropioamidoximes arylsulfochlorination","authors":"E. Yergaliyeva, L. Kayukova, M. Gubenko, G. Baitursynova, A. Uzakova","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.75","url":null,"abstract":"We have previously obtained new spiropyrazolinium compounds by arylsulfochlorination of β-aminopropioamidoximes. But it was found that under certain conditions, the main or by-product of β-(thiomorpholine-1-yl)propioamidoxime tosylation was 2-amino-8-thia-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium chloride monohydrate. In the case of other β-aminopropioamidoximes, only 2-amino-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium arylsulfonates were isolated. The aim of the work is to perform a theoretical comparison of reactions of tosylation, para- and ortho-nitrobenzenesulfochlorination of β-aminopropioamidoximes and evaluate the propability of 2-amino-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium chlorides monohydrates formation. Methodology. The calculations were performed using Gaussian 09 package by DFT/B3LYP/6-31G++(d,p) method. Results and discussion. Thermodynamically preferred products were identified by comparing the Gibbs free energies of reactions. Chemical stability and reactivity parameters for 2-amino-8-thia-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium chloride monohydrate, tosylate, para-nitrophenylsulphonate and ortho-nitrophenylsulphonate were predicted based on calculated HOMO and LUMO energies. In most cases arylsulfonates are thermodynamically favorable, except when the initial substrate is β-(thiomorpholine-1-yl)propioamidoxime. Conclusion. 2-Amino-8-thia-1,5-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-1-en-5-ium chloride monohydrate is more preferred compared to the corresponding arylsulphonates.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90764900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.63
T. Kharlamova
The problems of treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, due to the diversity of biological forms of pathogens, the constant emergence of multi-resistant forms, the emergence of new types of dangerous pathogens, determine the relevance of the problem of creating new antimicrobial agents. Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of fungal infections worldwide, as well as an increase in the resistance of some types of fungi to various antifungal drugs used in medical practice. The purpose of the review is to provide information on the current state of fungal diseases and the search for new antifungal structures among natural compounds, in particular anthraquinone derivatives. Objects. Derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone: chrysophanol, emodin, physсion, rhein, aloe-emodin). Results. Currently, special attention has been paid to natural sources of antimicrobial agents, which can be considered as an alternative to traditionally used drugs. Nature is a valuable source of new compounds and a rich arsenal of biologically active metabolites for the search for new drugs. Chemistry of anthraquinone derivatives is an independent and extensive field of organic and bioorganic chemistry with a wide range of practical applications. Quite a large number of compounds of the anthraquinone series have been found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Many natural and synthetic derivatives of anthraquinones exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities, among which compounds with antitumor, cytostatic, anti-inflammatory, hormonal, antiviral, and other activities have been identified. The review analyzes the antifungal effects of various types of natural anthraquinone molecules (chrysophanol, emodin, physсion, rhein, aloe-emodin), as well as some structurally related derivatives, to assess the effect of structural parameters of molecules on their activity. Conclusion. Natural objects contain a variety of biologically active derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone. They can be considered as promising structures for the search for new antifungal agents.
{"title":"Anti-fungal activity of anthraquinone derivatives (Part 1)","authors":"T. Kharlamova","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.63","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, due to the diversity of biological forms of pathogens, the constant emergence of multi-resistant forms, the emergence of new types of dangerous pathogens, determine the relevance of the problem of creating new antimicrobial agents. Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of fungal infections worldwide, as well as an increase in the resistance of some types of fungi to various antifungal drugs used in medical practice. The purpose of the review is to provide information on the current state of fungal diseases and the search for new antifungal structures among natural compounds, in particular anthraquinone derivatives. Objects. Derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone: chrysophanol, emodin, physсion, rhein, aloe-emodin). Results. Currently, special attention has been paid to natural sources of antimicrobial agents, which can be considered as an alternative to traditionally used drugs. Nature is a valuable source of new compounds and a rich arsenal of biologically active metabolites for the search for new drugs. Chemistry of anthraquinone derivatives is an independent and extensive field of organic and bioorganic chemistry with a wide range of practical applications. Quite a large number of compounds of the anthraquinone series have been found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Many natural and synthetic derivatives of anthraquinones exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities, among which compounds with antitumor, cytostatic, anti-inflammatory, hormonal, antiviral, and other activities have been identified. The review analyzes the antifungal effects of various types of natural anthraquinone molecules (chrysophanol, emodin, physсion, rhein, aloe-emodin), as well as some structurally related derivatives, to assess the effect of structural parameters of molecules on their activity. Conclusion. Natural objects contain a variety of biologically active derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone. They can be considered as promising structures for the search for new antifungal agents.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90762161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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