Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.61
R. Nurdillayeva, A.K. Askarov, A. Zhylysbayeva, A. Bayeshov
The most abundant heavy non-ferrous metals in industrial wastewater and spent solutions are lead, copper, zinc, nickel, however, it depends on the type of the industry. This work proposes the concepts of an electrochemical method of divalent copper removal from spent solutions with help of granular graphite electrodes. The study was conducted changing the meanings of the five major parameters including the current density (i), the concentration of copper (II) ions (C), the surface area of graphite electrodes (S), the concentration of sulfuric acid in the solution (M) and the electrolysis duration (τ) affecting Cu (II) ions removal percentage from solution. Experimental results show that the current density, surface area of the granular graphite electrodes and the time are the main factors that affect the removal percentage of Cu (II), while the changes in sulfuric acid concentration in solution have a minor effect. Highest copper removal value 97% and 54 % current efficiency was observed in conditions: i =150A/m2, τ = 1.5 h, [H2SO4] = 0.4 M, S = 150 cm2 which is considered as an optimal condition for copper removal process by granular graphite electrode.
工业废水和废液中含量最多的重金属是铅、铜、锌、镍，但这取决于工业的类型。这项工作提出了一种利用颗粒石墨电极从废溶液中去除二价铜的电化学方法的概念。研究改变了电流密度(i)、铜离子浓度(C)、石墨电极表面积(S)、溶液中硫酸浓度(M)和电解时间(τ)这5个主要参数对溶液中铜离子去除率的影响。实验结果表明，电流密度、颗粒石墨电极表面积和时间是影响Cu (II)去除率的主要因素，溶液中硫酸浓度的变化对Cu (II)去除率影响较小。在i =150A/m2， τ = 1.5 h， [H2SO4] = 0.4 M, S =150 cm2条件下，颗粒石墨电极除铜效率最高，为97%，电流效率为54%。
{"title":"Removal of copper (II) ions from spent solutions by granular graphite electrodes","authors":"R. Nurdillayeva, A.K. Askarov, A. Zhylysbayeva, A. Bayeshov","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.61","url":null,"abstract":"The most abundant heavy non-ferrous metals in industrial wastewater and spent solutions are lead, copper, zinc, nickel, however, it depends on the type of the industry. This work proposes the concepts of an electrochemical method of divalent copper removal from spent solutions with help of granular graphite electrodes. The study was conducted changing the meanings of the five major parameters including the current density (i), the concentration of copper (II) ions (C), the surface area of graphite electrodes (S), the concentration of sulfuric acid in the solution (M) and the electrolysis duration (τ) affecting Cu (II) ions removal percentage from solution. Experimental results show that the current density, surface area of the granular graphite electrodes and the time are the main factors that affect the removal percentage of Cu (II), while the changes in sulfuric acid concentration in solution have a minor effect. Highest copper removal value 97% and 54 % current efficiency was observed in conditions: i =150A/m2, τ = 1.5 h, [H2SO4] = 0.4 M, S = 150 cm2 which is considered as an optimal condition for copper removal process by granular graphite electrode.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90994733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.66
К.A. Sadykov, N. Bektenov, L. Ybraimzhanovа
The purposeful synthesis of polymeric chelate-forming sorbents, distinguished by high efficiency, selectivity of action, cost-effectiveness, is one of the promising directions in the field of increasing selectivity of the sorption processes. The paper aims at the synthesis of new ionic compounds, based on the copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and chelating agent - oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid. The preparation of the insoluble complex sorbents by the method of a chemical modification with the introduction of a soluble complexone, hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, widely used in the industry and heat engineering, into the polymer matrix has been studied. The ways of obtaining new ion-exchange resins, based on a double copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and oxyethylenediphosphonic acid complexon, have been developed. The optimal mode for obtaining the ion exchangers, based on a double copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and oxyethylenediphosphonic acid, is the mass ratio of copolymer:acid 1.0:1.0, at a temperature of 90 0C, and heating during 10 hours. The yield of ion exchangers makes up 78-80%. The composition and structure of the obtained ionites have been identified by the infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The static exchange capacity for 0.1 М NaOH solution is 5.92 mg-eq/g. It has been found that the obtained ionite has a satisfactory chemical resistance to various acids, alkalis and oxidants, the loss of the static exchange capacity does not exceed 7%. The resulting ionite can be used as a sorption material for the industrial wastewater treatment from various metal ions.
有目的地合成聚合物螯合吸附剂，具有高效、选择性、成本效益等特点，是提高吸附过程选择性的一个有前途的方向。本文以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯与螯合剂氧乙二膦酸为共聚物，合成了新型离子化合物。研究了在聚合物基体中引入工业和热工中广泛应用的可溶配合物羟乙基二膦酸进行化学改性制备不溶性配合物吸附剂的方法。研究了以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和氧乙烯二膦酸络合物为共聚物制备新型离子交换树脂的方法。以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和氧乙烯二膦酸为双共聚物，在温度为90℃、加热时间为10小时的条件下，共聚物与酸的质量比为1.0:1.0，获得离子交换剂的最佳模式。离子交换剂的收率为78 ~ 80%。通过红外光谱和元素分析对所得离子离子的组成和结构进行了鉴定。0.1 М NaOH溶液的静态交换容量为5.92 mg-eq/g。实验结果表明，所制得的离子酸盐对各种酸、碱和氧化剂具有满意的耐化学性，静态交换容量损失不超过7%。所得离子酸盐可作为工业废水处理中各种金属离子的吸附材料。
{"title":"Obtaining new polyfunctional ion-exchange sorbents","authors":"К.A. Sadykov, N. Bektenov, L. Ybraimzhanovа","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.66","url":null,"abstract":"The purposeful synthesis of polymeric chelate-forming sorbents, distinguished by high efficiency, selectivity of action, cost-effectiveness, is one of the promising directions in the field of increasing selectivity of the sorption processes. The paper aims at the synthesis of new ionic compounds, based on the copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and chelating agent - oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid. The preparation of the insoluble complex sorbents by the method of a chemical modification with the introduction of a soluble complexone, hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, widely used in the industry and heat engineering, into the polymer matrix has been studied. The ways of obtaining new ion-exchange resins, based on a double copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and oxyethylenediphosphonic acid complexon, have been developed. The optimal mode for obtaining the ion exchangers, based on a double copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and oxyethylenediphosphonic acid, is the mass ratio of copolymer:acid 1.0:1.0, at a temperature of 90 0C, and heating during 10 hours. The yield of ion exchangers makes up 78-80%. The composition and structure of the obtained ionites have been identified by the infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The static exchange capacity for 0.1 М NaOH solution is 5.92 mg-eq/g. It has been found that the obtained ionite has a satisfactory chemical resistance to various acids, alkalis and oxidants, the loss of the static exchange capacity does not exceed 7%. The resulting ionite can be used as a sorption material for the industrial wastewater treatment from various metal ions.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78376557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.72
D. Muktaly, Z. Myltykbayeva, A. Akopyan, M. Smaiyl, N. Muftеyeva
An annual increase in the consumption of the automobile fuels makes us look for new ways of their obtaining. It is also important that the environmental and operational requirements for the quality of the motor fuels, obtained during oil production (associated petroleum gas, gas condensate) are systematically made more rigorous. One of the ways to solve the problems described above is to use the process of oxidative desulfurization to improve the quality of the petroleum products. In this case, oxidative desulfurization of the straight-run gasoline fraction, obtained from the gas condensate of the Karachaganak field, has been carried out. The oxidation process has been carried out with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of salts of the transition metals, molybdenum and vanadium. The optimal technological parameters (Patm, T=600C, 2 h, H2O2:S=4:1 (mol), Me:S=1:100 (mol)) of the oxidation process for the straight-run gasoline fractions have been selected. Under the optimal conditions of the oxidation process, the total sulfur content has been reduced by 89.9%. It has been shown that the molybdenum compounds exhibit greater activity in the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds at a temperature of 600C, as compared to the vanadium compounds. A schematic diagram of the purification of the gasoline fractions from the sulfur-containing compounds by oxidative desulfurization, followed by its extraction desulfurization with the most effective N,N-dimethylformamide has been presented.
{"title":"Oxidative desulfurization of the straight-run gasoline fraction from the gas condensate of the Karachaganak field","authors":"D. Muktaly, Z. Myltykbayeva, A. Akopyan, M. Smaiyl, N. Muftеyeva","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.72","url":null,"abstract":"An annual increase in the consumption of the automobile fuels makes us look for new ways of their obtaining. It is also important that the environmental and operational requirements for the quality of the motor fuels, obtained during oil production (associated petroleum gas, gas condensate) are systematically made more rigorous. One of the ways to solve the problems described above is to use the process of oxidative desulfurization to improve the quality of the petroleum products. In this case, oxidative desulfurization of the straight-run gasoline fraction, obtained from the gas condensate of the Karachaganak field, has been carried out. The oxidation process has been carried out with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of salts of the transition metals, molybdenum and vanadium. The optimal technological parameters (Patm, T=600C, 2 h, H2O2:S=4:1 (mol), Me:S=1:100 (mol)) of the oxidation process for the straight-run gasoline fractions have been selected. Under the optimal conditions of the oxidation process, the total sulfur content has been reduced by 89.9%. It has been shown that the molybdenum compounds exhibit greater activity in the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds at a temperature of 600C, as compared to the vanadium compounds. A schematic diagram of the purification of the gasoline fractions from the sulfur-containing compounds by oxidative desulfurization, followed by its extraction desulfurization with the most effective N,N-dimethylformamide has been presented.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88018743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.67
U. Issayeva, G. S. Akhmetova, K. Praliyev, U. Datkhayev, М.Т. Omyrzakov, R.B. Seidahmetova, D.A. Abdambayev, T. Seilkhanov
The chemistry of organofluorine compounds, before the eyes of one generation, has turned from a small branch of organic chemistry into a large independent branch of exceptionally important theoretical and practical significance. Numerous studies have confirmed the high biological activity of a number of fluorine-containing organic compounds, as a result of which such drugs as fluoroquinolone antibiotics, risperidone, fluorophenazine, haloperidol, etc. have been created and are successfully used. Among amide derivatives, substances with antibacterial, anticonvulsant, analgesic and antifungal properties have been found. The purpose of this work is to develop ways to obtain a number of new potentially biologically active fluorine-containing amides based on morpholine, and to study their biological activity. Results and discussion: on the basis of cyclic amine - morpholine, by acylation with para-, meta-, ortho-fluorobenzoyl chlorides, reaction according to Schotten-Bauman, the corresponding amides of para-, meta-, ortho-fluorobenzoic acids were synthesized. The reaction was carried out in absolute benzene with cooling and the ratio of amine: acylating agent = 2:1. Inclusion complexes of compounds with b-cyclodextrin have been obtained. The composition and structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by data of elemental analysis and IR, NMR spectroscopy, individuality - by thin-layer chromatography. The synthesized compounds under the codes ПМП-4 - ПМП-6 were studied in an in vitro experiment for antimicrobial activity. All compounds exhibit pronounced antibacterial activity against the presented gram-positive and gram-negative test strains, in particular, they exhibit moderate activity against the gram-positive strain of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The compound ПМП-6 exhibits moderate activity against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and moderate antibacterial action against the gram-negative test strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The compound ПМП-6 also has antifungal activity against the yeast fungus Candida albicans ATCC 10231.
{"title":"Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of fluorobenzoic acid amides","authors":"U. Issayeva, G. S. Akhmetova, K. Praliyev, U. Datkhayev, М.Т. Omyrzakov, R.B. Seidahmetova, D.A. Abdambayev, T. Seilkhanov","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.67","url":null,"abstract":"The chemistry of organofluorine compounds, before the eyes of one generation, has turned from a small branch of organic chemistry into a large independent branch of exceptionally important theoretical and practical significance. Numerous studies have confirmed the high biological activity of a number of fluorine-containing organic compounds, as a result of which such drugs as fluoroquinolone antibiotics, risperidone, fluorophenazine, haloperidol, etc. have been created and are successfully used. Among amide derivatives, substances with antibacterial, anticonvulsant, analgesic and antifungal properties have been found. The purpose of this work is to develop ways to obtain a number of new potentially biologically active fluorine-containing amides based on morpholine, and to study their biological activity. Results and discussion: on the basis of cyclic amine - morpholine, by acylation with para-, meta-, ortho-fluorobenzoyl chlorides, reaction according to Schotten-Bauman, the corresponding amides of para-, meta-, ortho-fluorobenzoic acids were synthesized. The reaction was carried out in absolute benzene with cooling and the ratio of amine: acylating agent = 2:1. Inclusion complexes of compounds with b-cyclodextrin have been obtained. The composition and structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by data of elemental analysis and IR, NMR spectroscopy, individuality - by thin-layer chromatography. The synthesized compounds under the codes ПМП-4 - ПМП-6 were studied in an in vitro experiment for antimicrobial activity. All compounds exhibit pronounced antibacterial activity against the presented gram-positive and gram-negative test strains, in particular, they exhibit moderate activity against the gram-positive strain of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The compound ПМП-6 exhibits moderate activity against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and moderate antibacterial action against the gram-negative test strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The compound ПМП-6 also has antifungal activity against the yeast fungus Candida albicans ATCC 10231.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90931864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.74
M.B. Umirzakova, R. Iskakov, R. B. Sariyeva, A. Yespenbetov, Zh.N. Kaynarbayeva
The current trend in obtaining new structural polymeric materials for mechanical engineering, agriculture, food industry, instrumentation, electrical engineering, electronics, and other industries is the development and use of mixed compositions based on structural thermoplastics. A special place among the initial components for the creation of structural materials is occupied by heat-resistant polymers, in particular polyimides. Сurrently, lots of thermoplastic and thermosetting polyimides and other imide-containing film-forming polymers have been synthesized and successfully processed into composite materials with special properties.The goal of this research was to consider the features of obtaining binary and ternary polymer mixtures based on alicyclic (co)polyimides containing polyethylene glycol with other polymeric additives and the mineral montmorillonite. Based on the IR spectroscopy data of compositions and films, the effect of the surfactant polyethylene glycol on the compatibility of components in the composition and the possible mechanism of interactions of polyfunctional polymers as well as alkylated montmorillonite is shown. The formation peculiarities of ternary compositions (co)polyimide + polyethylene glycol + an additional component (polyacrylamide, polyethyleneterephthalate, alkylated montmorillonite) is provided. The thermal and physical-mechanical properties of the films formed from composites, determined by the appropriate methods of thermogravimetric analysis and stretching of the material at a constant strain rate are presented. It was established that the best indicators of the studied properties are polyimide (copolyimide) + polyethylene glycol + alkylated montmorillonite composite films where the decomposition start temperature is 430 ºС, the breaking strength is 200 MPa, and the relative extension is about 24%.
{"title":"Some peculiarities of obtaining composite materials, based on alicyclic (co)polyimide and polyethylene glycol (Review)","authors":"M.B. Umirzakova, R. Iskakov, R. B. Sariyeva, A. Yespenbetov, Zh.N. Kaynarbayeva","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.74","url":null,"abstract":"The current trend in obtaining new structural polymeric materials for mechanical engineering, agriculture, food industry, instrumentation, electrical engineering, electronics, and other industries is the development and use of mixed compositions based on structural thermoplastics. A special place among the initial components for the creation of structural materials is occupied by heat-resistant polymers, in particular polyimides. Сurrently, lots of thermoplastic and thermosetting polyimides and other imide-containing film-forming polymers have been synthesized and successfully processed into composite materials with special properties.The goal of this research was to consider the features of obtaining binary and ternary polymer mixtures based on alicyclic (co)polyimides containing polyethylene glycol with other polymeric additives and the mineral montmorillonite. Based on the IR spectroscopy data of compositions and films, the effect of the surfactant polyethylene glycol on the compatibility of components in the composition and the possible mechanism of interactions of polyfunctional polymers as well as alkylated montmorillonite is shown. The formation peculiarities of ternary compositions (co)polyimide + polyethylene glycol + an additional component (polyacrylamide, polyethyleneterephthalate, alkylated montmorillonite) is provided. The thermal and physical-mechanical properties of the films formed from composites, determined by the appropriate methods of thermogravimetric analysis and stretching of the material at a constant strain rate are presented. It was established that the best indicators of the studied properties are polyimide (copolyimide) + polyethylene glycol + alkylated montmorillonite composite films where the decomposition start temperature is 430 ºС, the breaking strength is 200 MPa, and the relative extension is about 24%.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81104361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.70
A. S. Darmenbayeva, G.M. Zhussipnazarova
What makes plastic materials so popular? And what environmental problems are emerging, conquering the whole world? Today, we can see that everything around us is made of plastic. Most of us know that most of the things around us contain plastic. Despite the wide range of applications, however, there arise many problems. Common examples include plastic pollution, plastic decontamination processes, as well as the release of gases and substances thereof into the garbage, which pollute the environment. The indiscriminate burning of plastic results in the emission of deadly gases and carcinogens into the environment. Dumping them in the landfills results in leaching of toxins into the ground and surface water resources. Recently, along with plastic recycling, we are considering ways to produce bioplastics that can replace plastics, to decompose which it takes several hundred years. Due to their natural origin, these are more biodegradable than ordinary plastic. The purpose of this work is to study the ways of obtaining bioplastics, and obtaining bioplastics in the laboratory. As a result of the work, bioplastic mass has been obtained in the laboratory, and hydrolysis of the resulting product has been carried out. Hydrolysis has been performed in three different environments. This is because pH of the environment can be different. For the same reason, it has been carried out in a weak acid, a weak base environment and a neutral environment. By observing the hydrolysis results, the resulting product changes have been determined. However, to explain its change in the context of the molecule, the method of infrared spectroscopy has been used, and results have been discussed.
{"title":"Study of the possibility of obtaining bioplastic","authors":"A. S. Darmenbayeva, G.M. Zhussipnazarova","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.70","url":null,"abstract":"What makes plastic materials so popular? And what environmental problems are emerging, conquering the whole world? Today, we can see that everything around us is made of plastic. Most of us know that most of the things around us contain plastic. Despite the wide range of applications, however, there arise many problems. Common examples include plastic pollution, plastic decontamination processes, as well as the release of gases and substances thereof into the garbage, which pollute the environment. The indiscriminate burning of plastic results in the emission of deadly gases and carcinogens into the environment. Dumping them in the landfills results in leaching of toxins into the ground and surface water resources. Recently, along with plastic recycling, we are considering ways to produce bioplastics that can replace plastics, to decompose which it takes several hundred years. Due to their natural origin, these are more biodegradable than ordinary plastic. The purpose of this work is to study the ways of obtaining bioplastics, and obtaining bioplastics in the laboratory. As a result of the work, bioplastic mass has been obtained in the laboratory, and hydrolysis of the resulting product has been carried out. Hydrolysis has been performed in three different environments. This is because pH of the environment can be different. For the same reason, it has been carried out in a weak acid, a weak base environment and a neutral environment. By observing the hydrolysis results, the resulting product changes have been determined. However, to explain its change in the context of the molecule, the method of infrared spectroscopy has been used, and results have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91019217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.71
Ye.A. Soboleva, Ya.A. Vissurkhanova, N. Ivanova, M. E. Beisenbekova, S. Kenzhetaeva
Bimetallic Fe-Ag composites were fabricated based on silver (I) ferrite (AgFeO2) synthesized using a co-precipitation method with and without the polyvinyl alcohol as a nanoparticle stabilizer, followed by the heat treatment at 500, 700 and 900°C and electrochemical reduction. Phase compositions and morphological features of AgFeO2 samples produced after heat treatment and after electrochemical experiments were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy. A decrease in the temperature of the thermal decomposition of silver ferrite prepared with polyvinyl alcohol was established. The possibility of the electrochemical reduction of AgFeO2 in aqueous alkaline catholyte on a copper cathode with the formation of crystalline phases of both metals or their alloy was shown. The Fe-Ag composites formed during heat treatment and electrochemical reduction were used as electrocatalysts in the electrohydrogenation of p- and o-isomers of nitrobenzoic acid and exhibited high activity. Compared to their electrochemical reduction under similar conditions, the hydrogenation rate and hydrogen utilization coefficient were increased, and their conversion reached the maximum values. The main products of electrocatalytic hydrogenation are p- and o-isomers of aminobenzoic acid, which are widely used in the production of drugs (for example, benzocaine, novocaine., etc.).
{"title":"Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of p-and o-isomers of nitrobenzoic acid using bimetallic Fe-Ag composites","authors":"Ye.A. Soboleva, Ya.A. Vissurkhanova, N. Ivanova, M. E. Beisenbekova, S. Kenzhetaeva","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.71","url":null,"abstract":"Bimetallic Fe-Ag composites were fabricated based on silver (I) ferrite (AgFeO2) synthesized using a co-precipitation method with and without the polyvinyl alcohol as a nanoparticle stabilizer, followed by the heat treatment at 500, 700 and 900°C and electrochemical reduction. Phase compositions and morphological features of AgFeO2 samples produced after heat treatment and after electrochemical experiments were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy. A decrease in the temperature of the thermal decomposition of silver ferrite prepared with polyvinyl alcohol was established. The possibility of the electrochemical reduction of AgFeO2 in aqueous alkaline catholyte on a copper cathode with the formation of crystalline phases of both metals or their alloy was shown. The Fe-Ag composites formed during heat treatment and electrochemical reduction were used as electrocatalysts in the electrohydrogenation of p- and o-isomers of nitrobenzoic acid and exhibited high activity. Compared to their electrochemical reduction under similar conditions, the hydrogenation rate and hydrogen utilization coefficient were increased, and their conversion reached the maximum values. The main products of electrocatalytic hydrogenation are p- and o-isomers of aminobenzoic acid, which are widely used in the production of drugs (for example, benzocaine, novocaine., etc.).","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88161705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.65
A. Niyazbekova, T. Shakirov, A. Murzagaliyeva
The article discusses the importance of affordable, high-quality, easily accessible thermal insulation materials for the construction industry, based on the new technologies. It is believed that clay and silicon rocks, which are found in all regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, can be used as the raw materials for a modified composition, and create favorable conditions for the development of the construction industry. The raw material for the research has been the sand of the “Belaya Gorka” depositof the West Kazakhstan region. The chemical composition of the raw material has been studied by the physicochemical methods of XRD and SEM. The X-ray phase analysis of the foam concrete without impurities consists of the following phases: tricalcium silicate (alite - C3S) - d/n = 1.5; 2.50; 2.67; 2.83 Å; slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2) - d/n = 1.91; 2.62; 4.90,9; Clinker content (%): C3S - 40-68, - d/n = 1.83; 2.40; 2.80; 3.07 Å. According to the mechanism of the foam concrete sintering, in the solution, quartz forms H3SiO4- and H2ЅiO42- ions, the interaction of which with the Ca2 + ions leads to the formation of calcium hydrolyzate, rich in lime on the surface of quartz. As a result, the crystals of successive calcium hydrosilicates are formed in the crystallization medium, and their volume increases. The formation of the CSH (I) phase is influenced by the formation of calcium oxide and the fine grinding of the sand. The formation of the C3S (III) phase of the binder mainly determines its strength. According to the results of the laboratory studies, it has been experimentally proven that the heat-insulating materials with pores of various sizes are formed on the basis of sand.
{"title":"Study of the local raw materials for usingin the production of the foam concrete materials","authors":"A. Niyazbekova, T. Shakirov, A. Murzagaliyeva","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.65","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the importance of affordable, high-quality, easily accessible thermal insulation materials for the construction industry, based on the new technologies. It is believed that clay and silicon rocks, which are found in all regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, can be used as the raw materials for a modified composition, and create favorable conditions for the development of the construction industry. The raw material for the research has been the sand of the “Belaya Gorka” depositof the West Kazakhstan region. The chemical composition of the raw material has been studied by the physicochemical methods of XRD and SEM. The X-ray phase analysis of the foam concrete without impurities consists of the following phases: tricalcium silicate (alite - C3S) - d/n = 1.5; 2.50; 2.67; 2.83 Å; slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2) - d/n = 1.91; 2.62; 4.90,9; Clinker content (%): C3S - 40-68, - d/n = 1.83; 2.40; 2.80; 3.07 Å. According to the mechanism of the foam concrete sintering, in the solution, quartz forms H3SiO4- and H2ЅiO42- ions, the interaction of which with the Ca2 + ions leads to the formation of calcium hydrolyzate, rich in lime on the surface of quartz. As a result, the crystals of successive calcium hydrosilicates are formed in the crystallization medium, and their volume increases. The formation of the CSH (I) phase is influenced by the formation of calcium oxide and the fine grinding of the sand. The formation of the C3S (III) phase of the binder mainly determines its strength. According to the results of the laboratory studies, it has been experimentally proven that the heat-insulating materials with pores of various sizes are formed on the basis of sand.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86701548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.64
N. Nursapina, I. Matveyeva, Y. Y. Yarovaya, Y. Zlobina, B. Shynybek, B. Bakytkan, Sholpan Nazarkulova, P. Ponomarenko
Metals play an important role in the life of plants and animals, and in small quantities, most of them are necessary for the normal functioning of living organism. However, increased concentrations can also harm the same functions of a living organism. In the soil cover, metals can be contained in various species, which determine their mobility and toxicity. Metals are transferred from soil to plants and then to animal and human organisms only if they are mobile. The mobile fractions include the water-soluble, exchangeable, carbonate, reducible and oxidizable forms and they can migrate from one environment to another and cause a negative cumulative effect. An increase in anthropogenic load leads to an increase in the mobility of metals. A special place is occupied by agricultural activity, which, using various fertilizers, increases the proportion of geochemically mobile species of metals. This work is aimed at studying the effect of fertilization on the mobility of some metals. As part of the work, the soils of the Almaty region (Baiterek village) of the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied by applying various fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and monopotassium phosphate), followed by studying the species of metals and the most toxic radionuclides (polonium-210 and lead-210) according to the method of A. Tessier. Using the fertilizers under investigation insignificantly affects the species of alkali metals, polonium-210, and lead-210. While application of monopotassium phosphate increases the geochemical mobility of sodium and alkaline earth elements due to the transition to the water-soluble and exchangeable fractions, and heavy metals due to the transition to the exchangeable fraction. The obtained data are useful as the basis for the development of recommendations for the application of certain types of fertilizers to reduce the risk of impact on the life and health of the local population without reducing the productivity of agricultural crops.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON MOBILITY OF METALS","authors":"N. Nursapina, I. Matveyeva, Y. Y. Yarovaya, Y. Zlobina, B. Shynybek, B. Bakytkan, Sholpan Nazarkulova, P. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.64","url":null,"abstract":"Metals play an important role in the life of plants and animals, and in small quantities, most of them are necessary for the normal functioning of living organism. However, increased concentrations can also harm the same functions of a living organism. In the soil cover, metals can be contained in various species, which determine their mobility and toxicity. Metals are transferred from soil to plants and then to animal and human organisms only if they are mobile. The mobile fractions include the water-soluble, exchangeable, carbonate, reducible and oxidizable forms and they can migrate from one environment to another and cause a negative cumulative effect. An increase in anthropogenic load leads to an increase in the mobility of metals. A special place is occupied by agricultural activity, which, using various fertilizers, increases the proportion of geochemically mobile species of metals. This work is aimed at studying the effect of fertilization on the mobility of some metals. As part of the work, the soils of the Almaty region (Baiterek village) of the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied by applying various fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and monopotassium phosphate), followed by studying the species of metals and the most toxic radionuclides (polonium-210 and lead-210) according to the method of A. Tessier. Using the fertilizers under investigation insignificantly affects the species of alkali metals, polonium-210, and lead-210. While application of monopotassium phosphate increases the geochemical mobility of sodium and alkaline earth elements due to the transition to the water-soluble and exchangeable fractions, and heavy metals due to the transition to the exchangeable fraction. The obtained data are useful as the basis for the development of recommendations for the application of certain types of fertilizers to reduce the risk of impact on the life and health of the local population without reducing the productivity of agricultural crops.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79653205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.68
A. Kamysbayeva, G. Azimbayeva, N. Myrzakhmetova, Z.M. Argynbayeva, G. Medeuova
The raw material for alcohol production is a variety of plant materials, which contain sufficient amounts of digestible sugars or other carbohydrates that can be saccharified. Dahlias are tuberous plants of the Asteraceae family with a quick and powerful growth and a long vegetation period. The study of the chemical composition of dahlia tubers is of undoubted interest in terms of practical health care. Dahlia tubers are the main raw material for obtaining inulin, which has a wide range of pharmacological action. The vegetative (aboveground) part of dahlia has been an object of research. The purpose of this study has been to study the chemical composition of raw alcohol, obtained from the dahlia tubers. For this purpose, the chemical composition of the tuber of dahlia plants belonging to the Compositae family has been studied. It has been found that the tubers of dahlia contain a large amount of biologically active substances: protein, coumarin, polyphenol, pectin and inulin. Dry alcoholic yeast (TC BY 100104781.010-2005 dried alcoholic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced in Belarus) has been used as yeast. The fermentation process has taken place at the room temperature for 2-3 weeks. After 2 weeks it has been filtered, the quantity of wort has been measured and distilled. The chemical composition of the raw alcohol, obtained from dahlia tubers has been identified on an Agilent 7890A/5975C chromato-mass spectrometer.
生产酒精的原料是各种植物原料，其中含有足量的可消化糖或其他可被糖化的碳水化合物。大丽花是菊科块茎植物，生长迅速有力，生长期长。研究大丽花块茎的化学成分在实际保健方面无疑是有意义的。大丽花块茎是获得菊粉的主要原料，具有广泛的药理作用。大丽花的营养部分(地上部分)一直是研究的对象。本研究的目的是研究从大丽花块茎中提取的原料酒精的化学成分。为此，研究了菊科大丽花属植物块茎的化学成分。人们发现，大丽花块茎中含有大量的生物活性物质:蛋白质、香豆素、多酚、果胶和菊粉。干酒精酵母(TC BY 100104781.010-2005)已被用作酵母。发酵过程在室温下进行了2-3周。过滤2周后，测量麦汁的量并进行蒸馏。用安捷伦7890A/5975C质谱联用仪鉴定了从大丽花块茎中提取的原醇的化学成分。
{"title":"Study of the chemical composition of raw alcohol obtained from the tuber of dahlia","authors":"A. Kamysbayeva, G. Azimbayeva, N. Myrzakhmetova, Z.M. Argynbayeva, G. Medeuova","doi":"10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.68","url":null,"abstract":"The raw material for alcohol production is a variety of plant materials, which contain sufficient amounts of digestible sugars or other carbohydrates that can be saccharified. Dahlias are tuberous plants of the Asteraceae family with a quick and powerful growth and a long vegetation period. The study of the chemical composition of dahlia tubers is of undoubted interest in terms of practical health care. Dahlia tubers are the main raw material for obtaining inulin, which has a wide range of pharmacological action. The vegetative (aboveground) part of dahlia has been an object of research. The purpose of this study has been to study the chemical composition of raw alcohol, obtained from the dahlia tubers. For this purpose, the chemical composition of the tuber of dahlia plants belonging to the Compositae family has been studied. It has been found that the tubers of dahlia contain a large amount of biologically active substances: protein, coumarin, polyphenol, pectin and inulin. Dry alcoholic yeast (TC BY 100104781.010-2005 dried alcoholic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced in Belarus) has been used as yeast. The fermentation process has taken place at the room temperature for 2-3 weeks. After 2 weeks it has been filtered, the quantity of wort has been measured and distilled. The chemical composition of the raw alcohol, obtained from dahlia tubers has been identified on an Agilent 7890A/5975C chromato-mass spectrometer.","PeriodicalId":9856,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83741738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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