Ceskoslovenska patologie最新文献

The goal of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive overview of the use of immunohistochemical methods in diagnosing mesenchymal tumours of the uterus. The main points discussed include, especially, the issue of determining smooth muscle differentiation, the differential diagnosis between smooth muscle and endometrial stromal tumours, and the diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour. The role of immunohistochemical examination in the diagnosis of some of the only recently definedentities such as YWHAE-altered high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS), BCOR-altered HG-ESS, tumours with NTRK fusion, and SMARCA4-deficient sarcomas is also discussed. The last aspect of this work is an analysis of the significance of immunohistochemical methods in the determination of the biological behaviour of leiomyocellular tumours. The issue of their molecular classification for those lesions associated with the presence of recurrent molecular aberrations is also discussed.

This article focuses on the biography of the famous Czech pathologist Dušan Lambl (1824-95), especially during his period of life in Kharkiv, Sloboda Ukraine (part of the Russian Empire). At the end of the 1850s, pursued by the authorities of the Austrian Empire as a politically compromised person (being a Czech patriot and slavophile, he took an active part in the so-called Spring of Nations in 1848), Dušan Lambl was forced to seek refuge in the Russian Empire. He put forward his candidacy for the post of professor in the department of anatomy at the School of Medicine of Kharkiv University and was selected for this position. Being a professor of anatomy, Dušan Lambl also actively developed other disciplines at the School of Medicine, particularly pathological anatomy and histology. Therefore, when in 1867 the departments of pathological anatomy and histology were established, Lambl was invited to become the head of any of them. Having chosen the former, Dušan Lambl became the head of the first department of pathological anatomy in Sloboda Ukraine. Heading this department until 1871, Dušan Lambl was able to raise the level of teaching of pathological anatomy at Kharkiv University to that of the best universities in Europe. This article considers the memoirs of Dušan Lambl`s life in Kharkiv, left by his contemporaries. It focuses on information about his social activities, relations with colleagues and friends, and his work as a teacher and medical specialist.

Molecular genetic methods have evolved dramatically in the last decade. In particular, sequencing of the new generation - NGS has become a financially and technically available examination. Thus, it begins to be used in the clinical practice of many specializations, including oncology. The proper use of these methods is a way to personalized oncology - treatment of the patient based on the occurrence of specific genetic aberrations, which are confirmed in his cancer, regardless of the histopathological type of tumor. This principle is completely new in oncology and raises number of questions and problems. The interpretation of the results of molecular genetic examinations is very complex and demanding, and therefore new multidisciplinary teams, so-called molecular tumor boards, are being created. The worldwide standardization of these boards is currently underway. Recommendations regarding the indication of NGS examinations in oncology patients are also being set.At the European level in the form of ESMO recommendations and at the national level also. Personalized oncology is the future of this field, which will lead to the best treatment response and minimize side effects.

In this paper, we report autopsy findings of a 1-day old full-term mature female neonate with pulmonary hypoplasia diagnosed postnatally. Death was attributed to acute respiratory failure due to hyaline membrane disease. We describe pathological features of calcified Meckels diverticulum with osseous metaplasia and inflammatory changes in adjacent peritoneum. As far as we know, this case report documents the youngest patient ever diagnosed with calcified Meckels diverticulum with osseous metaplasia.

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the opening of the Hlava institute, which was ceremoniously held on April 18, 1921. The opening of the institute was the result of many years of Professor Hlava´s efforts to provide a dignified space for pathology at the Czech university. Hlava fundamentally influenced Czech pathology and was undoubtedly one of the most important personalities of not only Czech and European pathology, but the entire field of Czech medicine of the period. His influence on pathology and microbiology is indisputable and widely known, but he has also fundamentally influenced other fields, especially oncology. On the occasion of this important anniversary the following entry offers a look at the personality of Professor Jaroslav Hlava and provides an overview of his research activities, as well as a complete list of his publications. The successors of Professor Hlava in the position of the head of institute are also briefly listed.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic relapsing intestinal inflammatory processes primarily represented by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn´s disease (CD). Nearly half of IBD cases are followed by extraintestinal complications and renal involvement can occur independatly or along with other complications and are described with the patients sufferring from UC or CD. Most frequent renal involvement is nephrolithiasis, tubulointerstinal nephritis, different kinds of glomerulonephritis and AA amyloidosis. We are presenting an unusal form of renal involvement of a young female patient with a severe form of Crohn´s disease treated with recombinant monoclonal antibodies.

Molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma is becoming an important part of the diagnostic process with direct therapeutic implications. Recent international guidelines, including the joint ESGO-ESTRO-ESP recommendation, include the molecular classification into standard diagnostic algorithms. Molecular testing of endometrial carcinomas is also recommended in the latest (5th) edition of the WHO classification of Female Genital Tumors. Due to the need to implement these recommendations in practice, representatives of four professional societies of Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně (Czech Oncological Society, Oncogynecological Section of the Czech Gynecological and Obstetrical Society, Society of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, and the Society of Czech Pathologists) organized a meeting focused on this topic. The result of this meeting is a joint recommendation for molecular testing of endometrial carcinoma in routine diagnostic practice in the Czech Republic.

There is no universal immunohistochemical panel which would be useful for the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in all circumstances. Nevertheless, especially when faced with an uncharacteristic spindle cell neoplasm, a basic immunohistochemical panel can be recommended consisting of CD34, desmin, epithelial membrane antigen, broad-spectrum cytokeratins, S100 protein and smooth muscle actin. This review will address the utility and pitfalls of this panel. The use of MDM2 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in the diagnosis of lipomatous tumors will be discussed as well.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy can cause a number of serious complications, including fetal growth restriction or intrauterine fetal death. It appears that transplacental transmission of infection is rare and the arising complications are due to damage of placental parenchyma. The aim of this article is to summarize the results of recent publications dealing with placental changes in COVID-19 disease, with special consideration to the morphology of the newly defined SARS-CoV-2 placentitis.

In this article, we report the autopsy findings of a 50-year-old immunocompetent woman, who was hospitalized with an altered state of consciousness. Examinations, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis, carried out during hospitalization failed to identify the infectious agent causing progressive loss of consciousness and quadriparesis. The patient died within 8 days of admission to the hospital. Post-mortem microscopic and culture examination revealed Cryptococcus species. Death was attributed to cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Histologic examination revealed accumulation of cryptococcus mimicking erythrocytes and extensive hemorrhage in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the brain. Multifocal obliteration of the vascular bed by yeast was accompanied by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury mimicking traumatic diffuse axonal injury.