What is already known about this topic?: Climate change has had a detrimental impact on global health, particularly through the rise of extreme heatwaves. Presently, the early warning system for heatwave-related health risks can forecast potential dangers several days in advance; however, long-term warnings fall short.
What is added by this report?: This report introduces a novel early warning system aimed at predicting heatwave-induced health risks in China at sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales. The outcomes of the assessment suggest this system holds significant potential.
What are the implications for public health practices?: The system facilitates advanced assessment of both the scale and dispersal of risk among various demographic groups. This allows for the proactive management of potential risks with extended lead times.
{"title":"An Early Warning System for Heatwave-Induced Health Risks in China: A Sub-Seasonal to Seasonal Perspective - China, 2022.","authors":"Baichao Zhang, Huiqi Chen, Bo Lu","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known about this topic?: </strong>Climate change has had a detrimental impact on global health, particularly through the rise of extreme heatwaves. Presently, the early warning system for heatwave-related health risks can forecast potential dangers several days in advance; however, long-term warnings fall short.</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>This report introduces a novel early warning system aimed at predicting heatwave-induced health risks in China at sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales. The outcomes of the assessment suggest this system holds significant potential.</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practices?: </strong>The system facilitates advanced assessment of both the scale and dispersal of risk among various demographic groups. This allows for the proactive management of potential risks with extended lead times.</p>","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 29","pages":"647-650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/51/77/ccdcw-5-29-647.PMC10388180.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10283194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
President Xi Jinping emphasized the paramount importance of bolstering early surveillance and early warning capacities within a robust public health system (1). These elements constitute one of the five major functionalities of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention (2). As an integral division of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is responsible for executing early surveillance and warning procedures in the realm of public health. Nonetheless, a deficiency persists concerning the early warning of public health risk factors. In 2019, the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention initiated nationwide pilots for environmental health risk assessment. Building upon these pilot studies, the National Institute of Environmental Health (NIEH) of China CDC embarked on research and development for early warning technology in environmental health risk. Utilizing factors such as air quality, heatwave, and cold-spell health risks as key areas of intervention, the NIEH undertook extensive research and development of suitable adaptive technologies. This was done through a systematic coordination of resources among all stakeholders, and exploration of effective mechanisms for health risk early warning interventions in public health. The NIEH has successfully integrated public health considerations into early warning systems for environmental risk factors, developing intricate, health risk-based warning and intervention technologies. These encompass air quality, heatwaves, and cold spellrelated health risk warnings. Building on this achievement, the NIEH has fervently promoted the early warning intervention through a pilot program on three fundamental aspects: technology research and development, platform construction, and mechanism development. Table 1 outlines the pilot program for health risk early warning initiatives related to air quality, heatwaves, and cold spells. In recognizing the significance of integrating early warning technology into health services, the NIEH facilitated early risk intervention strategies. This resulted in the pioneering fusion of medical and disease prevention sectors, giving birth to an innovative model for preventative disease control through early health warnings. Moreover, these developments offer a distinctively Chinese solution to global practices of early warning intervention.
{"title":"Early Warning Interventions for Environmental Risk Factors at China CDC.","authors":"Qinghua Sun, Chen Chen, Qing Wang, Tiantian Li","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.125","url":null,"abstract":"President Xi Jinping emphasized the paramount importance of bolstering early surveillance and early warning capacities within a robust public health system (1). These elements constitute one of the five major functionalities of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention (2). As an integral division of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is responsible for executing early surveillance and warning procedures in the realm of public health. Nonetheless, a deficiency persists concerning the early warning of public health risk factors. In 2019, the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention initiated nationwide pilots for environmental health risk assessment. Building upon these pilot studies, the National Institute of Environmental Health (NIEH) of China CDC embarked on research and development for early warning technology in environmental health risk. Utilizing factors such as air quality, heatwave, and cold-spell health risks as key areas of intervention, the NIEH undertook extensive research and development of suitable adaptive technologies. This was done through a systematic coordination of resources among all stakeholders, and exploration of effective mechanisms for health risk early warning interventions in public health. The NIEH has successfully integrated public health considerations into early warning systems for environmental risk factors, developing intricate, health risk-based warning and intervention technologies. These encompass air quality, heatwaves, and cold spellrelated health risk warnings. Building on this achievement, the NIEH has fervently promoted the early warning intervention through a pilot program on three fundamental aspects: technology research and development, platform construction, and mechanism development. Table 1 outlines the pilot program for health risk early warning initiatives related to air quality, heatwaves, and cold spells. In recognizing the significance of integrating early warning technology into health services, the NIEH facilitated early risk intervention strategies. This resulted in the pioneering fusion of medical and disease prevention sectors, giving birth to an innovative model for preventative disease control through early health warnings. Moreover, these developments offer a distinctively Chinese solution to global practices of early warning intervention.","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 29","pages":"651-654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/2d/ccdcw-5-29-651.PMC10388181.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9926261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reported Cases and Deaths of National Notifiable Infectious Diseases - China, December 2022.","authors":"","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 29","pages":"655-656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/b6/ccdcw-5-29-655.PMC10388183.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9921039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Public Health Initiative for Action on Early Warning of Heat Health Risks.","authors":"Tiantian Li","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.122","DOIUrl":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 29","pages":"639-641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/75/ccdcw-5-29-639.PMC10388182.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9980646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Jiao, Taoli Han, Xiao Qi, Yan Gao, Jianhong Zhao, Yue Zhang, Beibei Li, Zheng Zhang, Jialiang Du, Lingli Sun
Introduction: Human sapovirus (HuSaV) is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) globally. A seven-year active surveillance study was conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HuSaVs associated with AGE outbreaks in Chaoyang District of Beijing Municipality, China from January 2015 to December 2021.
Methods: Fecal and anal swab samples were obtained from patients experiencing AGE outbreaks. HuSaVs were identified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and partial viral protein 1 (VP1) sequences (approximately 434 base pairs) were utilized for genotyping, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and phylogenetic examination.
Results: HuSaVs were identified in 71 AGE outbreaks, demonstrating a detection rate of 10.5%, second only to norovirus. The primary demographic affected by HuSaV were children under the age of 5 in kindergarten settings. Infection rates tended to peak during two distinct periods: May to June and September to December. Upon genotyping, seven distinct genotypes emerged. GII.3 was the most prevalent, accounting for 54.9% of cases, followed by GI.1 (12.7%), GI.2 (9.9%), GII.5 (7.0%), GI.5 (2.8%), GI.6 (1.4%), GII.1 (1.4%), and untyped cases (9.9%). A phylogenetic analysis of GII.3 identified three distinct groups, with 15 notable SNPs observed.
Conclusions: This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the persistent prevalence of HuSaV outbreaks in Chaoyang District, Beijing Municipality, China. Over time, the diversity of HuSaV subtypes has shifted, and it is now recognized as the second leading viral agent responsible for AGE outbreaks. This highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance in the future.
{"title":"Genotypes Diversity of Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Caused by Human Sapovirus - Beijing Municipality, China, 2015-2021.","authors":"Yang Jiao, Taoli Han, Xiao Qi, Yan Gao, Jianhong Zhao, Yue Zhang, Beibei Li, Zheng Zhang, Jialiang Du, Lingli Sun","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human sapovirus (HuSaV) is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) globally. A seven-year active surveillance study was conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HuSaVs associated with AGE outbreaks in Chaoyang District of Beijing Municipality, China from January 2015 to December 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fecal and anal swab samples were obtained from patients experiencing AGE outbreaks. HuSaVs were identified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and partial viral protein 1 (VP1) sequences (approximately 434 base pairs) were utilized for genotyping, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and phylogenetic examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HuSaVs were identified in 71 AGE outbreaks, demonstrating a detection rate of 10.5%, second only to norovirus. The primary demographic affected by HuSaV were children under the age of 5 in kindergarten settings. Infection rates tended to peak during two distinct periods: May to June and September to December. Upon genotyping, seven distinct genotypes emerged. GII.3 was the most prevalent, accounting for 54.9% of cases, followed by GI.1 (12.7%), GI.2 (9.9%), GII.5 (7.0%), GI.5 (2.8%), GI.6 (1.4%), GII.1 (1.4%), and untyped cases (9.9%). A phylogenetic analysis of GII.3 identified three distinct groups, with 15 notable SNPs observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the persistent prevalence of HuSaV outbreaks in Chaoyang District, Beijing Municipality, China. Over time, the diversity of HuSaV subtypes has shifted, and it is now recognized as the second leading viral agent responsible for AGE outbreaks. This highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 28","pages":"625-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cf/8b/ccdcw-5-28-625.PMC10372411.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10267352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The onset of the Ebola outbreak in 2014 originated in Guinea and proceeded to swiftly reach Sierra Leone and Liberia (1). Unfortunately, these nations were critically deficient in their capacity for pathogenic testing and diagnostics, the availability of healthcare workers, and their supply of epidemic prevention materials, thereby impeding their ability to address the outbreak efficiently (2). This grave scenario underscored the need for support from the worldwide community. At the time, Sierra Leone lacked the domestic capacity for laboratory testing, including that of biosafety level 3 (BSL-3). Recognizing this constraint, the Chinese government hastily dispatched a mobile BSL-3 laboratory and corresponding technicians to Sierra Leone to facilitate testing within the country. Furthermore, the Chinese government expedited the establishment of the Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biosafety Laboratory (BSL-3) within a span of three months, observed to be operational by March 2015. It is important to note that this laboratory also conducted investigations centered on the detoxification of body fluids in Ebola survivors, fueling advancements in the understanding and management of the Ebola virus (3). The laboratory has played a significant role in the prevention and control measures during the Ebola epidemic. The Ebola outbreak in West Africa underscored a lack of ability to identify and diagnose emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. While the outbreak has since ended, it underscored the necessity of strengthening the health system to better respond to future public health crises. This was underscored to the government and health practitioners. Sierra Leone, in particular, experienced a high mortality rate due to diseases such as malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, cholera, Lassa fever, and measles. The nation continues to bear the brunt of public health crises, experiencing significant morbidity and mortality. Consistent international efforts are crucial to building the resilience and capacity of the public health system. To this end, China CDC, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone, implemented a multi-year capacity building program that incorporated laboratory operational capacity development and personnel capacity building (4). This article evaluates the performance and outcomes of this program (Table 1).
{"title":"Sustainable Laboratory Capacity Building in Sierra Leone: From Ebola to COVID-19.","authors":"Lili Wang, Alie Brima Tia, Bing Xu, Xiaopeng Qi, Doris Harding","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.120","url":null,"abstract":"The onset of the Ebola outbreak in 2014 originated in Guinea and proceeded to swiftly reach Sierra Leone and Liberia (1). Unfortunately, these nations were critically deficient in their capacity for pathogenic testing and diagnostics, the availability of healthcare workers, and their supply of epidemic prevention materials, thereby impeding their ability to address the outbreak efficiently (2). This grave scenario underscored the need for support from the worldwide community. At the time, Sierra Leone lacked the domestic capacity for laboratory testing, including that of biosafety level 3 (BSL-3). Recognizing this constraint, the Chinese government hastily dispatched a mobile BSL-3 laboratory and corresponding technicians to Sierra Leone to facilitate testing within the country. Furthermore, the Chinese government expedited the establishment of the Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biosafety Laboratory (BSL-3) within a span of three months, observed to be operational by March 2015. It is important to note that this laboratory also conducted investigations centered on the detoxification of body fluids in Ebola survivors, fueling advancements in the understanding and management of the Ebola virus (3). The laboratory has played a significant role in the prevention and control measures during the Ebola epidemic. The Ebola outbreak in West Africa underscored a lack of ability to identify and diagnose emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. While the outbreak has since ended, it underscored the necessity of strengthening the health system to better respond to future public health crises. This was underscored to the government and health practitioners. Sierra Leone, in particular, experienced a high mortality rate due to diseases such as malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, cholera, Lassa fever, and measles. The nation continues to bear the brunt of public health crises, experiencing significant morbidity and mortality. Consistent international efforts are crucial to building the resilience and capacity of the public health system. To this end, China CDC, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone, implemented a multi-year capacity building program that incorporated laboratory operational capacity development and personnel capacity building (4). This article evaluates the performance and outcomes of this program (Table 1).","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 28","pages":"632-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/35/ccdcw-5-28-632.PMC10372409.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9963908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bingliang Lin, Yi Nan, Xiaoyun Xie, Yan Yang, Huiyu Xie, Yongfu Yan, Luge Zhang, Lin Xiao, Jingfan Xiong
What is already known about this topic?: Research on community-based smoking cessation interventions in China is still in its early stages. Most existing studies have focused on a limited number of communities and have primarily examined interventions conducted by study teams rather than broader community initiatives.
What is added by this report?: The three-month continuous abstinence rate for the intervention group (21.61%) was significantly higher than that for the control group (8.98%). Comprehensive community-based smoking cessation interventions, administered by trained physicians at community health service centers and supported by community workers, have shown effectiveness in improving a variety of outcomes among community smokers.
What are the implications for public health practice?: The feasibility and effectiveness of comprehensive community-based smoking cessation interventions make them a valuable addition to existing cessation services in China. Wider implementation of these interventions should be pursued as a complementary approach to current efforts to reduce smoking rates in China.
{"title":"Assessing the Effectiveness of a Community-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention - Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 2022.","authors":"Bingliang Lin, Yi Nan, Xiaoyun Xie, Yan Yang, Huiyu Xie, Yongfu Yan, Luge Zhang, Lin Xiao, Jingfan Xiong","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known about this topic?: </strong>Research on community-based smoking cessation interventions in China is still in its early stages. Most existing studies have focused on a limited number of communities and have primarily examined interventions conducted by study teams rather than broader community initiatives.</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>The three-month continuous abstinence rate for the intervention group (21.61%) was significantly higher than that for the control group (8.98%). Comprehensive community-based smoking cessation interventions, administered by trained physicians at community health service centers and supported by community workers, have shown effectiveness in improving a variety of outcomes among community smokers.</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practice?: </strong>The feasibility and effectiveness of comprehensive community-based smoking cessation interventions make them a valuable addition to existing cessation services in China. Wider implementation of these interventions should be pursued as a complementary approach to current efforts to reduce smoking rates in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 28","pages":"619-624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/eb/ccdcw-5-28-619.PMC10372410.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10285284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Binbin Su, Panliang Zhong, Chen Chen, Yu Wu, Xiaoying Zheng
What is already known about this topic?: The elevated prevalence of functional impairment among elderly individuals in China contributes to an increased burden of care.
What is added by this report?: This report presents a comprehensive evaluation of trends in functional impairment related to activities of daily living (ADL) among the elderly population in China. Furthermore, it offers insights for future projections of these trends in this demographic group.
What are the implications for public health practice?: Addressing the care needs and functional impairment issues among the aging population in China necessitates interdepartmental collaboration.
{"title":"Activities of Daily Living-Related Functional Impairment Among Population Aged 65 and Older - China, 2011-2050.","authors":"Binbin Su, Panliang Zhong, Chen Chen, Yu Wu, Xiaoying Zheng","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known about this topic?: </strong>The elevated prevalence of functional impairment among elderly individuals in China contributes to an increased burden of care.</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>This report presents a comprehensive evaluation of trends in functional impairment related to activities of daily living (ADL) among the elderly population in China. Furthermore, it offers insights for future projections of these trends in this demographic group.</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practice?: </strong>Addressing the care needs and functional impairment issues among the aging population in China necessitates interdepartmental collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 27","pages":"593-598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/71/ccdcw-5-27-593.PMC10354530.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9853604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Chinese population is entering a new stage of development, marked by the fertility intentions of women of childbearing age continuing to decline and concerns over their consistently low fertility rates. The number of newborns has been decreasing annually, with 2022 figures falling below 10 million for the first time since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, resulting in negative population growth (1). Currently, China’s population over the age of 60 years is nearing 300 million and is projected to surpass 20% of the total population during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Furthermore, the working-age population, estimated at 900 million in 2018, is expected to decline to approximately 830 million in 2030 and 700 million in 2050 (2). In response to the new stage of population development in China, adjusting fertility policy has become a priority to stabilize fertility levels, alleviate the pressure of aging, and promote supply-side reforms in population and labor fields. On November 15, 2013, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China launched a restricted two-child policy, marking the relaxation of the Chinese government’s long-standing family planning policy, which was primarily focused on population control (3). On January 1, 2016, the Fifth Plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally implemented the “universal two-child policy,” signaling a shift in China’s family planning policy from controlling population size to encouraging fertility intention and improving population quality (4). On May 31, 2021, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee held a meeting to further optimize the fertility policy. This policy stipulates that a couple can have three children and outlines supporting measures, signifying the ongoing comprehensive adjustment and transformation of China’s fertility policy (5). Several scholars and practitioners have expressed concern about the potential impact of modifications to fertility policies on gender equality, as well as addressing the quantitative, structural, and qualitative challenges faced by population development. However, the underlying mechanisms of these challenges have not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we introduce the Dualistic Theory of Career-Family Life Cycle, examine the consequences of adjusting fertility policies on gender equality, and contend that the subsequent pressure will influence women’s careers and families. This change may raise women’s career thresholds, weaken women’s career persistence, and exacerbate women’s work-family conflicts. As a result, challenges to gender equality in China might arise, which could hinder the implementation of a threechild fertility policy.
{"title":"Examining the Influence of Fertility Policy Adjustments on Gender Equality in China During the Period of Exceptionally Slow Population Growth.","authors":"Xueyan Yang, Wanxin Li, Rui Li","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.116","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese population is entering a new stage of development, marked by the fertility intentions of women of childbearing age continuing to decline and concerns over their consistently low fertility rates. The number of newborns has been decreasing annually, with 2022 figures falling below 10 million for the first time since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, resulting in negative population growth (1). Currently, China’s population over the age of 60 years is nearing 300 million and is projected to surpass 20% of the total population during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Furthermore, the working-age population, estimated at 900 million in 2018, is expected to decline to approximately 830 million in 2030 and 700 million in 2050 (2). In response to the new stage of population development in China, adjusting fertility policy has become a priority to stabilize fertility levels, alleviate the pressure of aging, and promote supply-side reforms in population and labor fields. On November 15, 2013, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China launched a restricted two-child policy, marking the relaxation of the Chinese government’s long-standing family planning policy, which was primarily focused on population control (3). On January 1, 2016, the Fifth Plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally implemented the “universal two-child policy,” signaling a shift in China’s family planning policy from controlling population size to encouraging fertility intention and improving population quality (4). On May 31, 2021, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee held a meeting to further optimize the fertility policy. This policy stipulates that a couple can have three children and outlines supporting measures, signifying the ongoing comprehensive adjustment and transformation of China’s fertility policy (5). Several scholars and practitioners have expressed concern about the potential impact of modifications to fertility policies on gender equality, as well as addressing the quantitative, structural, and qualitative challenges faced by population development. However, the underlying mechanisms of these challenges have not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we introduce the Dualistic Theory of Career-Family Life Cycle, examine the consequences of adjusting fertility policies on gender equality, and contend that the subsequent pressure will influence women’s careers and families. This change may raise women’s career thresholds, weaken women’s career persistence, and exacerbate women’s work-family conflicts. As a result, challenges to gender equality in China might arise, which could hinder the implementation of a threechild fertility policy.","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 27","pages":"605-608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/54/ab/ccdcw-5-27-605.PMC10354533.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9849478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号