The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2M hydrochloric acid solution by Melon ( Cucumismelo )(MPE) and Groundnut ( Arachishypohaea ) peel extracts (GPE) at room temperature has been investigated using weight loss method. Inhibition efficiencies of 94.40% and 92.64% for2M HCl concentration was observed for GPE and MPE respectively. Generally, the weight loss of the coupons decreases at different concentrations of HCl solutions while the inhibition efficiencies of the inhibitors (MPE and GPE) increased with increasing inhibitor concentrations. Keywords: Cucumismelo, Arachishypogaea , corrosion, inhibitors
{"title":"Melon ( Cucumismelo ) and Groundnut ( Arachishypogaea ) peel extracts as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution","authors":"B. Ita, H. Louis, T. Magu, B. Nyong, C. R. Okon","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V7I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V7I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2M hydrochloric acid solution by Melon ( Cucumismelo )(MPE) and Groundnut ( Arachishypohaea ) peel extracts (GPE) at room temperature has been investigated using weight loss method. Inhibition efficiencies of 94.40% and 92.64% for2M HCl concentration was observed for GPE and MPE respectively. Generally, the weight loss of the coupons decreases at different concentrations of HCl solutions while the inhibition efficiencies of the inhibitors (MPE and GPE) increased with increasing inhibitor concentrations. Keywords: Cucumismelo, Arachishypogaea , corrosion, inhibitors","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86772917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of an ongoing research into the stability of oil-field emulsions, model oil samples have been utilized to probe the effects of asphaltene interactions on crude oil/water emulsion stability. Asphaltenes were precipitated from treated Ondo State oil sand bitumen with n-hexane in a 40:1 solvent to bitumen ratio which was allowed to stand for 24 hours before it was filtered. Model oil samples were prepared from n-hexane and toluene with varying masses of asphaltene dissolved in them (0.05-0.1 %). Emulsions were prepared from mixtures of model oil with 5 cm 3 of de-ionized water. Results showed that the stability of the prepared emulsions increased with asphaltene concentration of the model oil sample, with the model oil containing 0.1 % of asphaltene forming the most stable emulsion. Therefore, the higher the concentration of asphaltene in the model oil, the more stable the model oil/water emulsions formed. This is similar to literature reports on oil-field emulsion therefore the interaction of asphaltene with the prepared model oils can be used as a model to study crude oil emulsion stabilization processes. Keywords : Asphaltene, Bitumen, Crude oil, Emulsion, Model oil, Stabilization
{"title":"Stabilization of Model Crude Oil Emulsion using Different Concentrations of Asphaltene","authors":"O. Alimi, O. Oyedeji","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.5","url":null,"abstract":"As part of an ongoing research into the stability of oil-field emulsions, model oil samples have been utilized to probe the effects of asphaltene interactions on crude oil/water emulsion stability. Asphaltenes were precipitated from treated Ondo State oil sand bitumen with n-hexane in a 40:1 solvent to bitumen ratio which was allowed to stand for 24 hours before it was filtered. Model oil samples were prepared from n-hexane and toluene with varying masses of asphaltene dissolved in them (0.05-0.1 %). Emulsions were prepared from mixtures of model oil with 5 cm 3 of de-ionized water. Results showed that the stability of the prepared emulsions increased with asphaltene concentration of the model oil sample, with the model oil containing 0.1 % of asphaltene forming the most stable emulsion. Therefore, the higher the concentration of asphaltene in the model oil, the more stable the model oil/water emulsions formed. This is similar to literature reports on oil-field emulsion therefore the interaction of asphaltene with the prepared model oils can be used as a model to study crude oil emulsion stabilization processes. Keywords : Asphaltene, Bitumen, Crude oil, Emulsion, Model oil, Stabilization","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76736742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study natural adsorbents Maize Cob (MC) and Mahogany Shells (MS) were carbonized and activated with steam/zinc chloride and sieved into 600μm particle sizes. The adsorbents were treated for the removal of colour from textile effluent at different time. These adsorbents were also evaluated at different adsorbent doses and effluent concentrations. It was found that Maize cob has the highest colour removal efficiency of 86% and also at shorter time of 25minutes compared to Mahogany shells which record 73% and at 30, respectively. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were used for the mathematical description of colour adsorption equilibrium onto the adsorbents and the result obtained showed that the adsorption equilibrium data onto MC was closely fitted to the Langmuir model whereas the adsorption equilibrium data onto MS was closely fitted to the Freundlich model. Hence, adsorption of the colour onto the adsorbents is monolayer adsorption process. Keywords : Adsorption Isotherm, Mahogany Shells, Maize Cob, % Removal, Textile Effluent
{"title":"Use of Activated Carbon Derived from Maize Cob and Mahogany Seed Shell for the Removal of Colour from Textile Effluent","authors":"S. Gumel, S. Ismail","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.10","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study natural adsorbents Maize Cob (MC) and Mahogany Shells (MS) were carbonized and activated with steam/zinc chloride and sieved into 600μm particle sizes. The adsorbents were treated for the removal of colour from textile effluent at different time. These adsorbents were also evaluated at different adsorbent doses and effluent concentrations. It was found that Maize cob has the highest colour removal efficiency of 86% and also at shorter time of 25minutes compared to Mahogany shells which record 73% and at 30, respectively. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were used for the mathematical description of colour adsorption equilibrium onto the adsorbents and the result obtained showed that the adsorption equilibrium data onto MC was closely fitted to the Langmuir model whereas the adsorption equilibrium data onto MS was closely fitted to the Freundlich model. Hence, adsorption of the colour onto the adsorbents is monolayer adsorption process. Keywords : Adsorption Isotherm, Mahogany Shells, Maize Cob, % Removal, Textile Effluent","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83413826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is based on the evaluation of acid neutralizing capacity of five different commercial brands of antacid tablets. Five different but widely used commercial antacid tablets were selected for the purpose of this study. Each of the sample tablets was purchased, crushed, weighed and kept at room temperature before being analyzed using titrimetric method. Titration of each sample tablet (0.5 g) dissolved in 20 cm 3 of 0.1 M HCl with 0.1 M NaOH was carried out and the average titer values of different runs were recorded. The titre value for Gaviscon was 9.20 cm 3 , 13.04 cm 3 for Gestid, 10.02 cm 3 for Danacid, 10.10 cm 3 for Cimetidine and 10.05 cm 3 for Rennietidine. The neutralizing capacity (NC) of Gaviscon was found to be 82.6%, 53.4% for Gestid, 64.8% for Danacid, 49.8% for Cimetidine and 36.6% for Rennietidine. Analysis of the results shows that Gaviscon tablet has the highest NC, while Rennietidine shows lower NC value. Keywords : Antacid, Neutralizing capacity, Titrimetric, Tablets, Ulcer
本研究是基于对五种不同品牌的抗酸片的酸中和能力的评价。本研究选择了五种不同但广泛使用的商业抗酸片。购买样品片，粉碎，称重，室温保存，然后用滴定法分析。将每片样品(0.5 g)溶于0.1 M HCl和0.1 M NaOH的20 cm 3溶液中进行滴定，记录不同批次的平均滴度值。Gaviscon滴度值为9.20 cm 3, Gestid为13.04 cm 3, Danacid为10.02 cm 3，西咪替丁为10.10 cm 3，雷尼替丁为10.05 cm 3。Gaviscon的中和能力(NC)为82.6%，Gestid为53.4%，Danacid为64.8%，西咪替丁为49.8%，雷尼替丁为36.6%。分析结果显示，加夫iscon片的NC值最高，而雷尼替丁的NC值较低。关键词:抗酸剂，中和能力，滴定法，片剂，溃疡
{"title":"Evaluation of Neutralizing Capacity of Different Commercial Brands of Antacid Tablets","authors":"K. Abdu, M. Abbagana","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study is based on the evaluation of acid neutralizing capacity of five different commercial brands of antacid tablets. Five different but widely used commercial antacid tablets were selected for the purpose of this study. Each of the sample tablets was purchased, crushed, weighed and kept at room temperature before being analyzed using titrimetric method. Titration of each sample tablet (0.5 g) dissolved in 20 cm 3 of 0.1 M HCl with 0.1 M NaOH was carried out and the average titer values of different runs were recorded. The titre value for Gaviscon was 9.20 cm 3 , 13.04 cm 3 for Gestid, 10.02 cm 3 for Danacid, 10.10 cm 3 for Cimetidine and 10.05 cm 3 for Rennietidine. The neutralizing capacity (NC) of Gaviscon was found to be 82.6%, 53.4% for Gestid, 64.8% for Danacid, 49.8% for Cimetidine and 36.6% for Rennietidine. Analysis of the results shows that Gaviscon tablet has the highest NC, while Rennietidine shows lower NC value. Keywords : Antacid, Neutralizing capacity, Titrimetric, Tablets, Ulcer","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79037230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concentrations of ten (10) trace metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Cd and Pb) in samples of commonly consumed fruit juices in Nigeria were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) technique. The mean concentration (mg/L) of the trace metals in the samples analyzed were as follows: Cr (0.172±0.05), Mn (2.29±1.0), Fe (14.4±7.9), Co (0.739±0.29), Ni (0.217±0.17), Cu (0.758±0.47), Zn (1.79±1.3) and Se (0.385±0.25). However, Cd and Pb were below the detection limit of the AAS and therefore not detected in all the juice samples analyzed. The mean concentrations of trace metals in descending order for all the fruit juices samples analyzed was; pineapple > orange > apple. Similarly, the pattern of mean concentrations of trace metals for the six different brands investigated were coded as follows: Ceres (CR) > Chivita (CH) > Fumman (FU) > Frutta (FR) > Soy good (SG) > Nature’s fresh (NF). Some of the results obtained were comparable to those found in the literature, but urgent attention is required to address high metal content found in pineapple juice of one brand (CR). Keywords : Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric, Fruit Juice, Makurdi, Nigeria, Trace metals.
{"title":"Trace metal Levels in Some Packaged Fruit Juices Sold in Makurdi Metropolis Markets, Nigeria","authors":"I. Eneji, Aa Nurain, O. Salawu","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of ten (10) trace metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Cd and Pb) in samples of commonly consumed fruit juices in Nigeria were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) technique. The mean concentration (mg/L) of the trace metals in the samples analyzed were as follows: Cr (0.172±0.05), Mn (2.29±1.0), Fe (14.4±7.9), Co (0.739±0.29), Ni (0.217±0.17), Cu (0.758±0.47), Zn (1.79±1.3) and Se (0.385±0.25). However, Cd and Pb were below the detection limit of the AAS and therefore not detected in all the juice samples analyzed. The mean concentrations of trace metals in descending order for all the fruit juices samples analyzed was; pineapple > orange > apple. Similarly, the pattern of mean concentrations of trace metals for the six different brands investigated were coded as follows: Ceres (CR) > Chivita (CH) > Fumman (FU) > Frutta (FR) > Soy good (SG) > Nature’s fresh (NF). Some of the results obtained were comparable to those found in the literature, but urgent attention is required to address high metal content found in pineapple juice of one brand (CR). Keywords : Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric, Fruit Juice, Makurdi, Nigeria, Trace metals.","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73837685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The leaves and fruits of Ficus sycomorus were collected, air dried and grounded. Each of the samples (100g) was extracted with 400ml each of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol sequentially, using Soxhlet extraction technique. They were labeled as FS1-1 to FS1-4 for leaves extract and FS2-1 to FS2-4 for fruit extract. Each of these fractions was phytochemically screened to investigate the presence of certain class of secondary metabolites. The extracts obtained were subjected to brine shrimp larvae test and antimicrobial bioassay. Some of the fractions were found to be active against the brine shrimp larvae and the tested organisms, with FS1-1 being the most active. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, Ficus sycomorus, Phytochemicals,
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves and Fruits Extract of Ficus sycomorus","authors":"S. Mudi, A. Muhammad, J. Musa, Y. Datti","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V6I1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V6I1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The leaves and fruits of Ficus sycomorus were collected, air dried and grounded. Each of the samples (100g) was extracted with 400ml each of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol sequentially, using Soxhlet extraction technique. They were labeled as FS1-1 to FS1-4 for leaves extract and FS2-1 to FS2-4 for fruit extract. Each of these fractions was phytochemically screened to investigate the presence of certain class of secondary metabolites. The extracts obtained were subjected to brine shrimp larvae test and antimicrobial bioassay. Some of the fractions were found to be active against the brine shrimp larvae and the tested organisms, with FS1-1 being the most active. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, Ficus sycomorus, Phytochemicals,","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72640569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The adsorption of Cissus populnea stem extract and its subsequent corrosion inhibition properties on aluminum in 0.5 M HCl solutions have been investigated using weight loss measurements. Inhibition efficiency of the plant extract increased with concentration but decreased with rise in temperature. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the aluminum surface was spontaneous and found to align with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Flory- Huggins adsorption isotherms. From the values of E a and ΔG 0 obtained, the mechanism of physical adsorption has been proposed. Some thermodynamic and activation parameters were also calculated. Keywords : Adsorption isotherm, Cissus populnea, corrosion, physisorption, thermodynamics
采用失重法研究了仙鹤茎提取物在0.5 M HCl溶液中的吸附性能及其对铝的缓蚀性能。植物提取物的抑菌率随浓度升高而升高，随温度升高而降低。抑制剂在铝表面的吸附是自发的，符合Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin和Flory- Huggins吸附等温线。根据得到的ea和ΔG 0值，提出了物理吸附机理。计算了一些热力学和活化参数。关键词:吸附等温线，茜草，腐蚀，物理吸附，热力学
{"title":"Adsorptive, Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Inhibitive Properties of Cissus Populnea Stem Extract on the Corrosion of Aluminum in Acid Medium.","authors":"H. Chahul, A. Ayuba, S. Nyior","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V6I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V6I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption of Cissus populnea stem extract and its subsequent corrosion inhibition properties on aluminum in 0.5 M HCl solutions have been investigated using weight loss measurements. Inhibition efficiency of the plant extract increased with concentration but decreased with rise in temperature. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the aluminum surface was spontaneous and found to align with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Flory- Huggins adsorption isotherms. From the values of E a and ΔG 0 obtained, the mechanism of physical adsorption has been proposed. Some thermodynamic and activation parameters were also calculated. Keywords : Adsorption isotherm, Cissus populnea, corrosion, physisorption, thermodynamics","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87064151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sisal fiber was extracted from Sisal leaves by enzymatic retting method. A portion of the fiber was subjected to alkali, benzoyl chloride and silane treatments. Sisal fiber composites were fabricated using unsaturated polyester resin, by hand lay-up technique using both the treated and untreated fiber. Tensile and flexural tests were conducted and evaluated on the composites. The morphology of the materials was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fibre chemical modification improves its adhesion to the matrix as well as the mechanical properties of the composites. Keywords : Scanning Electron Microscopy, Sisal fiber, Tensile test, Unsaturated polyester resin
{"title":"Effects of Chemical Surface Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber Unsaturated Polyester Reinforced Composites","authors":"A. Salisu, H. Musa, M. Yakasai, K. M. Aujara","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Sisal fiber was extracted from Sisal leaves by enzymatic retting method. A portion of the fiber was subjected to alkali, benzoyl chloride and silane treatments. Sisal fiber composites were fabricated using unsaturated polyester resin, by hand lay-up technique using both the treated and untreated fiber. Tensile and flexural tests were conducted and evaluated on the composites. The morphology of the materials was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fibre chemical modification improves its adhesion to the matrix as well as the mechanical properties of the composites. Keywords : Scanning Electron Microscopy, Sisal fiber, Tensile test, Unsaturated polyester resin","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75591898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the water absorption behaviour of 14 days hardened composites based on Piliostigma fiber and a thermosetting matrix (Epoxy) was studied. The water absorption tests were carried out in order to study the durability of the composites. The comparative study of water absorption behaviour of composites reinforced with fiber and chemically modified in three reagents (NaOH, KMnO 4 , BPO) respectively confirmed that surface treatment of the fibres influences the sorption process. The most significant decrease in hydrophilicity of Piliostigma was found in the case of Piliostigma fiber that was modified by BPO, This decrease relates to change in the chemical composition of the Piliostigma fiber, especially due to a decrease in the average degree of cellulose polymerization as well as the hemicellulose content. The chemical composition effect on the surface modification was analysed by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), The experimental spectroscopic information was compared with theoretical analysis of molecular vibrations. The result obtained from this comparison confirmed that the chemical modification of the composites was successfully carried out. Keywords : Chemical treatment, Composite, Hydrophilicity, Natural fiber, Thermosetting, Water absorption
{"title":"The Effect of Fiber Treatment on the Water Absorption of Piliostigma Reinforced Epoxy","authors":"S. Gumel, A. Tijjani","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V6I2.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the water absorption behaviour of 14 days hardened composites based on Piliostigma fiber and a thermosetting matrix (Epoxy) was studied. The water absorption tests were carried out in order to study the durability of the composites. The comparative study of water absorption behaviour of composites reinforced with fiber and chemically modified in three reagents (NaOH, KMnO 4 , BPO) respectively confirmed that surface treatment of the fibres influences the sorption process. The most significant decrease in hydrophilicity of Piliostigma was found in the case of Piliostigma fiber that was modified by BPO, This decrease relates to change in the chemical composition of the Piliostigma fiber, especially due to a decrease in the average degree of cellulose polymerization as well as the hemicellulose content. The chemical composition effect on the surface modification was analysed by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), The experimental spectroscopic information was compared with theoretical analysis of molecular vibrations. The result obtained from this comparison confirmed that the chemical modification of the composites was successfully carried out. Keywords : Chemical treatment, Composite, Hydrophilicity, Natural fiber, Thermosetting, Water absorption","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85979530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The leaves of Annona muricata were extracted using ethanol and the extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The crude extract showed 73.33 % mortality at 1000 μg/mL concentration and its LC 50 -value was 1.59 μg/mL against brine shrimp larvae. The crude extract exhibited a significant toxicity in comparison with the positive control, the potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) with LC 50 -value 0.57 μg/mL. The TPC assay of the extracts was expressed as mg of tannic acid equivalent per gram of sample and mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of sample, the result showed the content of phenolic compounds as 266.86 ± 2.21 mg·TAE/g and 278.60 ± 4.21 mg·GAE/g respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethanol extracts displayed a signigicant free radical scavenging capacity with the IC 50 value of 2.58 μg/ml compared with the standard drugs, the ascorbic acid (IC 50 0.563 μg/mL) and the butylated hydroxytoluene (IC 50 0.570 μg/mL). The result suggested that the antioxidant property exhibited by the ethanol extract could be associated with its high total phenolic contents. Keywords : Annona muricata, Antioxidants, Cytotoxicity, Total Phenolic Contents
{"title":"Cytotoxicity, Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves Extract of Annona Muricata","authors":"NS Ibrahim, M. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4314/csj.v6i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/csj.v6i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The leaves of Annona muricata were extracted using ethanol and the extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The crude extract showed 73.33 % mortality at 1000 μg/mL concentration and its LC 50 -value was 1.59 μg/mL against brine shrimp larvae. The crude extract exhibited a significant toxicity in comparison with the positive control, the potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) with LC 50 -value 0.57 μg/mL. The TPC assay of the extracts was expressed as mg of tannic acid equivalent per gram of sample and mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of sample, the result showed the content of phenolic compounds as 266.86 ± 2.21 mg·TAE/g and 278.60 ± 4.21 mg·GAE/g respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethanol extracts displayed a signigicant free radical scavenging capacity with the IC 50 value of 2.58 μg/ml compared with the standard drugs, the ascorbic acid (IC 50 0.563 μg/mL) and the butylated hydroxytoluene (IC 50 0.570 μg/mL). The result suggested that the antioxidant property exhibited by the ethanol extract could be associated with its high total phenolic contents. Keywords : Annona muricata, Antioxidants, Cytotoxicity, Total Phenolic Contents","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79284430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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