The title compound was synthesized mechanochemically by grinding MnCl 2 .4H 2 O and the protonated organic ligand [H 2 Me 4 bpz] resulting in the formation of [H 2 Me 4 bpz][MnCl 4 ]. Suitable single crystal of this compound was analysed through X-ray diffraction technique to ascertain its composition and internal structure. Single crystal structure determination at 100 K revealed needle-like crystals in an orthorhombic crystal system. The asymmetric unit of the cell consists of an isolated chloride ion, one half of a tetrahedral [MnCl 4 ] 2- anion, a [H 2 Me 4 bpz] 2+ dication and one half of a molecule of water. Keywords: Crystal Engineering, Hydrogen Bond, X-ray Crystallography
{"title":"Synthesis and Single Crystal X-Ray Structure Determination of 3,3',5,5'- tetramethyl-4,4'-bipyrazolium tetrachloromanganate(II) monohydrate ([H 2 Me 4 bpz] 2 [MnCl 4 ]Cl 2 ·H 2 O)","authors":"M. Kurawa, A. Orpen","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V6I1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V6I1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The title compound was synthesized mechanochemically by grinding MnCl 2 .4H 2 O and the protonated organic ligand [H 2 Me 4 bpz] resulting in the formation of [H 2 Me 4 bpz][MnCl 4 ]. Suitable single crystal of this compound was analysed through X-ray diffraction technique to ascertain its composition and internal structure. Single crystal structure determination at 100 K revealed needle-like crystals in an orthorhombic crystal system. The asymmetric unit of the cell consists of an isolated chloride ion, one half of a tetrahedral [MnCl 4 ] 2- anion, a [H 2 Me 4 bpz] 2+ dication and one half of a molecule of water. Keywords: Crystal Engineering, Hydrogen Bond, X-ray Crystallography","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80778367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phytochemical screening of extracts from Euphorbia balsamifera was carried out, and the results revealed that the stem bark contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids and sterols. The ethanol extract of the stem bark of Euphorbia balsamifera (commonly known as Ayyara in Hausa) was sequentially partitioned with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were respectively labeled EB1, EB2, EB3, and EB4, with the ethanolic extract labeled EB. The extracts, 12.5% and 25% w/v, were tested for repellency against Anopheles gambiae , and the repellent activity was assessed using the human-bait technique. Five volunteers participated in the laboratory tests to ascertain the repellent activity of the extracts, and each volunteer was test with one extract, with each test repeated in triplicate. The chloroform extract labeled EB1-02 was found to be the most active, (97.2% and 100% repellency), while the extract labeled EB1-03 recorded the least activity of 32.4% and 21.6%. It can be concluded that the chloroform extract labeled EB1-02 is responsible for repellent activity of Euphorbia balsamifera. Keywords: Anopheles gambiae, Euphorbia balsamifera extracts, Human-bait technique, Phytochemicals, Repellency
试图对苯甲苯胺及其对甲基、对氯、对溴、对羧基和对硝基衍生物的红外光谱进行完整的红外波段分配。在源于肽链- CONH -耦合振动的六个特征酰胺带中，已为所有研究的化合物指定了四个酰胺带(酰胺I, II, III和V)。未取代的苯甲苯胺和对硝基苯甲苯胺仅分配了aiide IV波段。然而，没有观察到所有的苯甲苯胺都能容易地归因于酰胺VI模式的吸收带。关键词:苯甲苯胺;红外吸收
{"title":"Infrared Absorption Band Assignment in Benzanilide and Some of its p-Substituted Derivatives","authors":"N. Ufaruna","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V5I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V5I2","url":null,"abstract":"The phytochemical screening of extracts from Euphorbia balsamifera was carried out, and the results revealed that the stem bark contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids and sterols. The ethanol extract of the stem bark of Euphorbia balsamifera (commonly known as Ayyara in Hausa) was sequentially partitioned with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were respectively labeled EB1, EB2, EB3, and EB4, with the ethanolic extract labeled EB. The extracts, 12.5% and 25% w/v, were tested for repellency against Anopheles gambiae , and the repellent activity was assessed using the human-bait technique. Five volunteers participated in the laboratory tests to ascertain the repellent activity of the extracts, and each volunteer was test with one extract, with each test repeated in triplicate. The chloroform extract labeled EB1-02 was found to be the most active, (97.2% and 100% repellency), while the extract labeled EB1-03 recorded the least activity of 32.4% and 21.6%. It can be concluded that the chloroform extract labeled EB1-02 is responsible for repellent activity of Euphorbia balsamifera. Keywords: Anopheles gambiae, Euphorbia balsamifera extracts, Human-bait technique, Phytochemicals, Repellency","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73835714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potentially heptadentate (N4O3) tripodal Schiff-base ligand, tris(5-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzylaminoethyl)amine has been prepared and characterized using various spectroscopic methods. It is derived from the condensation reactions of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren), with 3 equivalents of 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Iron(II) and Manganese(II) complexes of the resulting ligand were obtained from its reactions with Fe(II) and Mn(II) salts in absolute methanol for the metal to ligand ratio 2:3. These complexes were characterized by Solubility, Conductivity, IR and UV-VIS spectrometry, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. Keywords : Iron, Manganese, Schiff- base, Tren5BrSal, tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Multimetallic Fe(II) and Mn(II) Using N4O3 Potentially Heptadentate Ligand","authors":"A. Mustapha, S. Gani","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V5I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V5I1","url":null,"abstract":"Potentially heptadentate (N4O3) tripodal Schiff-base ligand, tris(5-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzylaminoethyl)amine has been prepared and characterized using various spectroscopic methods. It is derived from the condensation reactions of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren), with 3 equivalents of 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Iron(II) and Manganese(II) complexes of the resulting ligand were obtained from its reactions with Fe(II) and Mn(II) salts in absolute methanol for the metal to ligand ratio 2:3. These complexes were characterized by Solubility, Conductivity, IR and UV-VIS spectrometry, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. Keywords : Iron, Manganese, Schiff- base, Tren5BrSal, tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77228344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twelve drinking water samples from boreholes were collected from various sampling sites around the vicinity of Kura irrigated farmlands using polythene plastic containers and were analysed for the nitrate and phosphate levels using uV – visible spectrophotometer. From the results, it was found that all the samples had Nitrate level below the World Health Organization maximum contaminant level of 50mg/l with a mean concentration of (17.84 ± 4.49) mg/l. phosphate level was also analysed and the results indicated that all the sampling sites had phosphate level above the World Health Organization maximum contaminant level of 0.03 mg/l with a mean concentration of (8.74 ± 2.56) mg/l. Keywords : Drinking water, Irrigated farmland, Nitrate, Phosphate, UV-VisibleSpectrophotmeter.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrate and Phosphate Levels in Drinking Water Samples in The Vicinity of Irrigated Farmlands of Kura Town, Kano State - Nigeria","authors":"Sa'id, A. Mahmud","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V4I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V4I1","url":null,"abstract":"Twelve drinking water samples from boreholes were collected from various sampling sites around the vicinity of Kura irrigated farmlands using polythene plastic containers and were analysed for the nitrate and phosphate levels using uV – visible spectrophotometer. From the results, it was found that all the samples had Nitrate level below the World Health Organization maximum contaminant level of 50mg/l with a mean concentration of (17.84 ± 4.49) mg/l. phosphate level was also analysed and the results indicated that all the sampling sites had phosphate level above the World Health Organization maximum contaminant level of 0.03 mg/l with a mean concentration of (8.74 ± 2.56) mg/l. Keywords : Drinking water, Irrigated farmland, Nitrate, Phosphate, UV-VisibleSpectrophotmeter.","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":"583 1","pages":"47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75937532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analyses of mineral composition of red and yellow fruits varieties of Terminalia catappa using standard analytical apparatus, reagents and procedures gave the following results on dry weight basis: K (1980.20mg and 1809mg), Na (17.82mg and 17.33mg), Ca (143.47mg and 143.30mg), Mg (40.39mg and 48.50mg), P (13.20mg and 13.20mg), Fe (5.50mg and 3.98mg), Cu (0.25mg and 0.43mg), Mn (3.09mg and 1.02mg), S (70.50mg and 50.47mg) and Zn (1.28mg and 1.42mg) for red and yellow fruits respectively. On the other hand Cd, Cr, Co and Pb were not detected on both fruits which indicate that both fruits are safer for human consumption. Therefore, from these results it can be recommended that red and yellow fruits of T.catappa l. are good sources of K, Mg Mn, Na, Ca, Cu, Fe and S but poor sources of P and Zn. Key words: composition, fruits, minerals, Terminal catappa.
{"title":"Comparative study on the minerals composition of the flesh of red and yellow fruits of Terminalia catappa L.","authors":"M. Barde","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V3I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V3I1","url":null,"abstract":"The analyses of mineral composition of red and yellow fruits varieties of Terminalia catappa using standard analytical apparatus, reagents and procedures gave the following results on dry weight basis: K (1980.20mg and 1809mg), Na (17.82mg and 17.33mg), Ca (143.47mg and 143.30mg), Mg (40.39mg and 48.50mg), P (13.20mg and 13.20mg), Fe (5.50mg and 3.98mg), Cu (0.25mg and 0.43mg), Mn (3.09mg and 1.02mg), S (70.50mg and 50.47mg) and Zn (1.28mg and 1.42mg) for red and yellow fruits respectively. On the other hand Cd, Cr, Co and Pb were not detected on both fruits which indicate that both fruits are safer for human consumption. Therefore, from these results it can be recommended that red and yellow fruits of T.catappa l. are good sources of K, Mg Mn, Na, Ca, Cu, Fe and S but poor sources of P and Zn. Key words: composition, fruits, minerals, Terminal catappa.","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":"221 1","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76659756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) was determined in four different tropical vegetables (Cucumber, Cabbage, Spinach and Tomatoes) sourced from Yankaba market, Kano state. Colorimetric method was used for the determination. The ascorbic acid content in the cucumber, cabbage, spinach and tomatoes ranged from 51.67mgL -1 to 395.45mgL -1 . Tomatoes were found to have the highest concentrations (395.45mgL -1 ) while cucumber has the lowest (181.82mgL -1 for the fresh and 60.00mgL -1 and 51.67mgL -1 respectively) for the dried vegetables. The deficiency of ascorbic acid is believed to result in scurvy, a disease characterized by spongy and sore gum, loose teeth, anaemia, swollen joint, fragile blood vessels. Frequent intake, therefore of these vegetables rich in vitamin C (especially tomatoes) will help prevent these problems in human being. This indicated that although the vegetables are rich in ascorbic acid content, their dried forms have grossly inadequate amount to ensure the provision of required dietary intake (RDI) of vitamin C for humans. Keywords: Ascorbic acid, Comparison, Vegetables, Vitamins
测定了四种热带蔬菜(黄瓜、卷心菜、菠菜和西红柿)的抗坏血酸(维生素C)含量。采用比色法测定。黄瓜、白菜、菠菜和番茄的抗坏血酸含量在51.67 ~ 395.45mg / l -1之间。番茄的浓度最高(395.45mg . l -1)，黄瓜的浓度最低(181.82mg . l -1)，干蔬菜的浓度分别为60.00mg . l -1和51.67mg . l -1。缺乏抗坏血酸被认为会导致坏血病，这种疾病的特征是牙龈柔软和疼痛，牙齿松动，贫血，关节肿胀，血管脆弱。因此，经常摄入这些富含维生素C的蔬菜(尤其是西红柿)有助于预防人类出现这些问题。这表明，尽管蔬菜含有丰富的抗坏血酸，但其干燥形式的量远远不足以确保提供所需的维生素C膳食摄入量(RDI)。关键词:抗坏血酸;比较;蔬菜
{"title":"Comparison of ascorbic acid content of some selected fresh and dried tropical vegetables","authors":"S. Gumel, B. Garba, H. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V3I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V3I2","url":null,"abstract":"Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) was determined in four different tropical vegetables (Cucumber, Cabbage, Spinach and Tomatoes) sourced from Yankaba market, Kano state. Colorimetric method was used for the determination. The ascorbic acid content in the cucumber, cabbage, spinach and tomatoes ranged from 51.67mgL -1 to 395.45mgL -1 . Tomatoes were found to have the highest concentrations (395.45mgL -1 ) while cucumber has the lowest (181.82mgL -1 for the fresh and 60.00mgL -1 and 51.67mgL -1 respectively) for the dried vegetables. The deficiency of ascorbic acid is believed to result in scurvy, a disease characterized by spongy and sore gum, loose teeth, anaemia, swollen joint, fragile blood vessels. Frequent intake, therefore of these vegetables rich in vitamin C (especially tomatoes) will help prevent these problems in human being. This indicated that although the vegetables are rich in ascorbic acid content, their dried forms have grossly inadequate amount to ensure the provision of required dietary intake (RDI) of vitamin C for humans. Keywords: Ascorbic acid, Comparison, Vegetables, Vitamins","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"8-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74638984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was on the chemical analysis and base- promoted hydrolysis of extracted shea nut fat. The local method of extraction of the shea nut oil was employed in comparison with literature report. A simple cold-process alkali hydrolysis of the shea nut oil was used in producing the soap. The chemical analysis of the oil revealed that it had saponification, iodine and acid values of 136.32 ±1.943 mgKOH/g, 50.50 ± 8.023g I2/100g and 14.77 ± 0.065 mgKOH/g respectively. The analytical values obtained were significantly in favour of the utilization of the indigenous shea nut fat for soap production on commercial scale. The pH of the soap was 10.33, which is in agreement with the pH range of 9-11 set by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control(NAFDAC), due to incomplete alkali hydrolysis resulting from the saponification process. The foam height of the soap was 4.2cm lower than that of Jatropha, sesame and cotton seed soaps analyzed higher than that of Neem, castor and castor superfatted with glycerine soaps. The soap was white and slightly soluble in distilled water. Key words : Shea nut fat, chemical analysis, Saponification, Foam ability and Solubility.
{"title":"Chemical analysis and base-promoted hydrolysis of locally extracted shea nut fat","authors":"A. Warra, I. Wawata, A. B. Yauri","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V2I1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V2I1-2","url":null,"abstract":"The study was on the chemical analysis and base- promoted hydrolysis of extracted shea nut fat. The local method of extraction of the shea nut oil was employed in comparison with literature report. A simple cold-process alkali hydrolysis of the shea nut oil was used in producing the soap. The chemical analysis of the oil revealed that it had saponification, iodine and acid values of 136.32 ±1.943 mgKOH/g, 50.50 ± 8.023g I2/100g and 14.77 ± 0.065 mgKOH/g respectively. The analytical values obtained were significantly in favour of the utilization of the indigenous shea nut fat for soap production on commercial scale. The pH of the soap was 10.33, which is in agreement with the pH range of 9-11 set by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control(NAFDAC), due to incomplete alkali hydrolysis resulting from the saponification process. The foam height of the soap was 4.2cm lower than that of Jatropha, sesame and cotton seed soaps analyzed higher than that of Neem, castor and castor superfatted with glycerine soaps. The soap was white and slightly soluble in distilled water. Key words : Shea nut fat, chemical analysis, Saponification, Foam ability and Solubility.","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72850260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamza Umar Zango, Sani, Muhammad Kwalli, A. Danlami
The need for good teachers and good teaching has been, and will continue to be researched into and identified. This paper discusses the qualities of good teachers in relation o classroom teaching. It introduces teaching as involving communication and interaction between teacher and the students, and describes the teacher as a motivator and facilitator of learning. The paper highlighted how to become a good teacher. It also offers suggestions how good teachers can be produced .It concludes that a good teacher or one, who want to be, should have all the general attributes and qualities of a good professional classroom teacher so that they can excel and have good and effective performance in the classroom. Keywords: Teacher, Students, Schools, Traits
{"title":"The characteristics of a good teacher and how to become one","authors":"Hamza Umar Zango, Sani, Muhammad Kwalli, A. Danlami","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V1I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V1I1","url":null,"abstract":"The need for good teachers and good teaching has been, and will continue to be researched into and identified. This paper discusses the qualities of good teachers in relation o classroom teaching. It introduces teaching as involving communication and interaction between teacher and the students, and describes the teacher as a motivator and facilitator of learning. The paper highlighted how to become a good teacher. It also offers suggestions how good teachers can be produced .It concludes that a good teacher or one, who want to be, should have all the general attributes and qualities of a good professional classroom teacher so that they can excel and have good and effective performance in the classroom. Keywords: Teacher, Students, Schools, Traits","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"48-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80606452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used for traditional maternal healthcare in Katsina State, Nigeria revealed that Artemisia annua , Euphorbia balsamifera , Guiera senegalensis , Ipomoea asarifolia and Mitragyana inermis are the most common herbs used by women to treat and prevent ailments associated with oxidative stress during pregnancy. In this study, the phenolic flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of those herbs were investigated to justify their folkloric use. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were respectively assessed by evaluating total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid Content (TFC) while antioxidant activity was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and 2,2ꞌ- diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. G. senegalensis showed the highest TPC, TFC, FRAP, TAC and lowest DPPH IC 50 (136.07mg GAE/g DW, 158.80mg QE/g DW, 34.25mg AAE/g DW 424.73mg AAE/g DW and 442.82μg/ml, respectively) followed by M. inermis (113.69mg GAE/g DW, 87.50mg QE/g DW, 19.37mg AAE/g DW, 332.30mg AAE/g DW and 609μg/ml, respectively). Correlation analyses revealed strong positive linear correlations between phenolic antioxidants (TPC and TFC) and antioxidant assays (FRAP, TAC and DPPH) with regression coefficient (R 2 ) ranging from 0.695 to 0.867 implying that phenolic compounds are responsible for the antioxidant properties observed in these herbs. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Katsina state, maternal healthcare, medicinal plants, Nigeria, traditional
{"title":"Phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of some medicinal plants used for traditional maternal healthcare in Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Sulaiman","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V7I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V7I2","url":null,"abstract":"An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used for traditional maternal healthcare in Katsina State, Nigeria revealed that Artemisia annua , Euphorbia balsamifera , Guiera senegalensis , Ipomoea asarifolia and Mitragyana inermis are the most common herbs used by women to treat and prevent ailments associated with oxidative stress during pregnancy. In this study, the phenolic flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of those herbs were investigated to justify their folkloric use. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were respectively assessed by evaluating total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid Content (TFC) while antioxidant activity was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and 2,2ꞌ- diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. G. senegalensis showed the highest TPC, TFC, FRAP, TAC and lowest DPPH IC 50 (136.07mg GAE/g DW, 158.80mg QE/g DW, 34.25mg AAE/g DW 424.73mg AAE/g DW and 442.82μg/ml, respectively) followed by M. inermis (113.69mg GAE/g DW, 87.50mg QE/g DW, 19.37mg AAE/g DW, 332.30mg AAE/g DW and 609μg/ml, respectively). Correlation analyses revealed strong positive linear correlations between phenolic antioxidants (TPC and TFC) and antioxidant assays (FRAP, TAC and DPPH) with regression coefficient (R 2 ) ranging from 0.695 to 0.867 implying that phenolic compounds are responsible for the antioxidant properties observed in these herbs. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Katsina state, maternal healthcare, medicinal plants, Nigeria, traditional","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80670322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyvinyl alcohol was utilized as a single sole binder in the formulation of water based UV curable flexographic printing inks. Six different formulation containing 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 8% and 10% polyvinyl alcohol were prepared using 1-(4-nitrophenyl)azo-2-naphthol as pigment and potassium dichromate as a cross linking agent. The formulations prepared were characterized for viscosity and FT-IR before being printed on different substrates. The ink films formed were assessed by optical microscopy, the print quality was found to meet most requirements in colour printing chemistry and technology applications. Keywords : Flexographic printing inks, Pigment, Polyvinyl alcohol, Potassium dichromate
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Water Based UV Curable Flexographic Printing Ink.","authors":"A. Salisu, Inuwa","doi":"10.4314/CSJ.V4I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/CSJ.V4I2","url":null,"abstract":"Polyvinyl alcohol was utilized as a single sole binder in the formulation of water based UV curable flexographic printing inks. Six different formulation containing 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 8% and 10% polyvinyl alcohol were prepared using 1-(4-nitrophenyl)azo-2-naphthol as pigment and potassium dichromate as a cross linking agent. The formulations prepared were characterized for viscosity and FT-IR before being printed on different substrates. The ink films formed were assessed by optical microscopy, the print quality was found to meet most requirements in colour printing chemistry and technology applications. Keywords : Flexographic printing inks, Pigment, Polyvinyl alcohol, Potassium dichromate","PeriodicalId":9900,"journal":{"name":"ChemSearch Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77663743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：