Chinese Herbal Medicines最新文献

Constipation is common in the diseases of the digestive system in clinics. With the change in diet structure and the increase in life pressure, the prevalence rate increases year by year. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the location of the disease of constipation is in the large intestine, which is related to the dysfunction of lung, spleen, liver, kidney and other viscera. Its pathogenesis is conductive dysfunction of large intestine. Based on the theory, Shouhui Tongbian Capsule (SHTB) is composed of eight traditional Chinese medicines, including Polygoni multiflori Radix (Heshouwu in Chinese), Aloe (Luhui in Chinese), Cassiae Semen (Juemingzi in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen in Chinese), Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi in Chinese), Asini Corii Colla (Ejiao in Chinese), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi in Chinese), and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu in Chinese), which could help to release excessive turbid, and nourishing yin and supplementing qi in the treatment. This study has been carried out to review the latest advances of SHTB in the treatment of constipation. The results showed that significant effect of SHTB was found in the treatment of constipation, such as functional constipation, and constipation associated with tumor chemotherapy, colitis, type 2 diabetes and chronic cardiac failure. Besides, obvious adverse reactions were not observed. SHTB could effectively treat five types of constipation, provide direction for the future exploration of SHTB in the treatment of other types of constipation.

Traditional Chinese herbal medicines not only cure human diseases, but also play an important role as insecticides. Compared with conventional chemical agents, traditional Chinese herbal medicines are characterized by low toxicity, low residues, and being eco-friendly, and they have become a research hotspot. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines have tremendous flexibility and indefinite potential. Therefore, this paper reviewed the types of insecticides belonging to traditional Chinese herbal medicines in Inner Mongolia, China, including their traditional uses, secondary metabolites, biological activities, action mechanisms, application methods, and development status. In addition, the most relevant issues involved in the development of traditional Chinese herbal medicines was discussed. We believe that traditional Chinese herbal medicines can be better implemented and developed; such that its other advantages, such as an insect repellent, can be promoted. Moreover, this study lays a solid foundation for further research on traditional Chinese herbal medicines in Inner Mongolia, China.

Objective

To study secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Colletotruchum sp. HK-08 originated from the leaves of Nerium indicum.

Methods

The compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques [high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)], as well as comparison with literature data. The Ellman method was used to determine the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity.

Results

Four indole derivatives were identified from Colletotruchum sp. HK-08, including 6′-hydroxymonaspiloindole (1), 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate (2), 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (3), and monaspiloindole (4). Compound 4 presented weak AChE inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of (69.30 ± 6.27) μmol/L [tacrine as the positive control, with IC₅₀ value of (0.61 ± 0.07) μmol/L].

Conclusion

Compounds 1–3 were new compounds, and compound 4 had weak AChE inhibitory activity.

The family Orchidaceae is of the most diverse taxon in the plant kingdom, and most of its members are highly valuable herbal medicines. Orchids have a unique mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship with specific fungi for carbohydrate and nutrient supplies in their whole lifecycle. The large-scale cultivation of the medicinal plant Gastodia elata is a successful example of using mycorrhizal symbiotic technology. In this review, we adopted G. elata and Dendrobium officinale as examples to describe the characteristics of orchid mycorrhiza and mycorrhizal benefits for host plants’ growth and health (e.g. biotic and abiotic stress and secondary metabolite accumulation). The challenges in applying mycorrhizal technology to the cultivation of orchid medicinal plants in the future were also discussed. This review aims to serve as a theoretical guide for the cultivation of mycorrhizal technology in medicinal orchid plants.

Microbial resource influences the life activities of medicinal plants from several perspectives. Endophytes, rhizosphere microorganisms, and other environmental microorganisms play essential roles in medicinal plant growth and development, plant yield, and clinical efficacy. The microbiota can influence the biosynthesis of active compounds in medicinal plants by stimulating specific metabolic pathways. They induce host plants to improve their resistance to environmental stresses by accumulating secondary metabolites. Microorganisms can interact with their host plants to produce long-term, targeted selection results and improve their ability to adapt to the environment. Due to the interdependence and interaction between microorganisms and medicinal plants, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) quality is closely related to the associated microorganisms. This review summarizes the relationship between medicinal plants and their associated microorganisms, including their species, distribution, life activities, and metabolites. Microorganisms can aid in quality control, improve the efficacy of medicinal plants, and provide markers for identifying the origin and storage time of CHMs. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between microorganisms and medicinal plants will help to control the quality of CHMs from different perspectives.

Medicinal plants, as medicinal materials and important drug components, have been used in traditional and folk medicine for ages. However, being sessile organisms, they are seriously affected by extreme environmental conditions and abiotic stresses such as salt, heavy metal, temperature, and water stresses. Medicinal plants usually produce specific secondary metabolites to survive such stresses, and these metabolites can often be used for treating human diseases. Recently, medicinal plants have been found to partner with endophytic fungi to form a long-term, stable, and win–win symbiotic relationship. Endophytic fungi can promote secondary metabolite accumulation in medicinal plants. The close relationship can improve host plant resistance to the abiotic stresses of soil salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures. Their symbiosis also sheds light on plant growth and active compound production. Here, we show that endophytic fungi can improve the host medicinal plant resistance to abiotic stress by regulating active compounds, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating the cell ion balance. We also identify the deficiencies and burning issues of available studies and present promising research topics for the future. This review provides guidance for endophytic fungi research to improve the ability of medicinal plants to resist abiotic stress. It also suggests ideas and methods for active compound accumulation in medicinal plants and medicinal material development during the response to abiotic stress.

Objective

To study the compounds isolated from Penicillium HDS-Z-1E, an endophytic fungal strain isolated from Taxus cuspidata and their activation effect of catalase (CAT).

Methods

The chemical constituents were isolated from Penicillium HDS-Z-1E, by using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. The structural elucidations of five metabolites were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic including ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, HMBC and HSQC. Their activation sites of catalase have been investigated by molecular docking.

Results

Five metabolites, compounds (1–5) were isolated from Penicillium HDS-Z-1E and identified as 4-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (1), 4-hydroxymethyl-5, 6-dihydro-pyran-2-one (2), 5, 6-dihydro-2-oxo-2H-pyran-4-carboxylic (3), N-acetyl-hydrazinobenzoic acid (4), and methyl 2-(2, 5-dihydroxyphenyl) acetate (5).

Conclusion

Compound 3 is a new compound. Compounds 3 and 4 may have potential activators of catalase, providing a theoretical basis for the development of CAT activators.

Objective

To isolate bioactive compounds from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides isolated from Rauwolfia yunnanensis, and investigate their pharmacological activities.

Methods

The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combining with ODS column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography and by performing semipreparative HPLC. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D NMR (¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR) and 2D NMR (¹H–¹H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY), as well as HRESIMS and comparison with literature data. In addition, the absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by calculated ECD data.

Results

One previously undescribed tetracyclic triterpenoid derivative, named as integracide L (1), 12α-acetoxy-4,4-dimethyl-24-methylene-5α-cholesta-8,14-diene-2α,3β,11β-triol (2), 12α-acetoxy-4,4-dimethyl-24-methylene-5α-cholesta-8-momoene-2α,3β,11β-triol (3), 12α-acetoxy-4,4-dimethyl-24-methylene-5α-cholesta-8,14-diene-3β,11β-triol (4), and 12α-acetoxy-4,4-dimethyl-24-methylene-5α-cholesta-8-momoene-3β,11β-triol (5) were isolated from F. sporotrichioide. Moreover, compound 1 was rare tetracyclic triterpenoid with single methyl replacement at C-4 position.

Conclusion

Compound 1 was a new tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from the endophytic fungus F. sporotrichioides. In addition, compound 2 could inhibit the growth of three different human cancer cells significantly. Compounds 3 and 5 were found to possess better cytotoxic activities on HepG-2 cells than the other compounds, with IC₅₀ values of (2.8 ± 0.1) and (6.3 ± 0.3) μmol/L respectively.

Objective

A typical case of Xianling Gubao (XLGB) Tablets-induced liver injury was systematically studied in the clinic and the laboratory.

Methods

A patient with herb-induced liver injury (HILI) and a history of taking XLGB Tablets before disease onset was engaged as the study subject, and the case was diagnosed according to the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) and the integrated evidence chain (iEC) method recommended by the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Herb-induced Liver Injury (HILI Guidelines).

Results

Clinical history, biochemical indexes and imaging tests were used to exclude the influence of fundamental diseases and confusing liver diseases such as viral, alcoholic and autoimmune liver diseases on the diagnosis. Based on an investigation of the patient’s medication history, she was suspected to have HILI caused by XLGB Tablets, as the patient was only taking an oral preparation of XLGB Tablets, and the influence of other drugs on the diagnosis was excluded. This patient with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and a calculated R of 6 was diagnosed with possible acute drug-induced hepatocellular injury. The relationship was considered “highly probable” (score of 9) using the updated RUCAM of 2016. Moreover, the fingerprint similarity between the preparation taken by the patient and a commercially available preparation was 0.99, suggesting that the patient was consuming XLGB Tablets rather than another drug. LC-MS technology and the Agilent Fake TCM-Drugs database were used to investigate the drug, and no chemical additions were found. Examination of the drug for pesticide residues, heavy metals, aflatoxins and other exogenous substances indicated compliance with the content limits of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Conclusion

In summary, the final diagnosis of XLGB-induced liver injury reached the clinical diagnosis of HILI and was acute severe hepatocellular injury type by the updated RUCAM and iEC. Therefore, this study provides scientific evidence regarding the causality evaluation of compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicines-induced liver injury.