Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.005
Chunyu Li , Yingying Li , Zhaofang Bai , Jiabo Wang , Guohui Li , Xiaohe Xiao
Objective
A typical case of Xianling Gubao (XLGB) Tablets-induced liver injury was systematically studied in the clinic and the laboratory.
Methods
A patient with herb-induced liver injury (HILI) and a history of taking XLGB Tablets before disease onset was engaged as the study subject, and the case was diagnosed according to the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) and the integrated evidence chain (iEC) method recommended by the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Herb-induced Liver Injury (HILI Guidelines).
Results
Clinical history, biochemical indexes and imaging tests were used to exclude the influence of fundamental diseases and confusing liver diseases such as viral, alcoholic and autoimmune liver diseases on the diagnosis. Based on an investigation of the patient’s medication history, she was suspected to have HILI caused by XLGB Tablets, as the patient was only taking an oral preparation of XLGB Tablets, and the influence of other drugs on the diagnosis was excluded. This patient with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and a calculated R of 6 was diagnosed with possible acute drug-induced hepatocellular injury. The relationship was considered “highly probable” (score of 9) using the updated RUCAM of 2016. Moreover, the fingerprint similarity between the preparation taken by the patient and a commercially available preparation was 0.99, suggesting that the patient was consuming XLGB Tablets rather than another drug. LC-MS technology and the Agilent Fake TCM-Drugs database were used to investigate the drug, and no chemical additions were found. Examination of the drug for pesticide residues, heavy metals, aflatoxins and other exogenous substances indicated compliance with the content limits of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Conclusion
In summary, the final diagnosis of XLGB-induced liver injury reached the clinical diagnosis of HILI and was acute severe hepatocellular injury type by the updated RUCAM and iEC. Therefore, this study provides scientific evidence regarding the causality evaluation of compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicines-induced liver injury.
{"title":"Herb induced liver injury by Xianling Gubao Tablets: A case assessed for causality using updated RUCAM and integrated evidence chain","authors":"Chunyu Li , Yingying Li , Zhaofang Bai , Jiabo Wang , Guohui Li , Xiaohe Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>A typical case of Xianling Gubao (XLGB) Tablets-induced liver injury was systematically studied in the clinic and the laboratory.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A patient with herb-induced liver injury (HILI) and a history of taking XLGB Tablets before disease onset was engaged as the study subject, and the case was diagnosed according to the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) and the integrated evidence chain (iEC) method recommended by the <em>Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Herb-induced Liver Injury</em> (HILI Guidelines).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Clinical history, biochemical indexes and imaging tests were used to exclude the influence of fundamental diseases and confusing liver diseases such as viral, alcoholic and autoimmune liver diseases on the diagnosis. Based on an investigation of the patient’s medication history, she was suspected to have HILI caused by XLGB Tablets, as the patient was only taking an oral preparation of XLGB Tablets, and the influence of other drugs on the diagnosis was excluded. This patient with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and a calculated R of 6 was diagnosed with possible acute drug-induced hepatocellular injury. The relationship was considered “highly probable” (score of 9) using the updated RUCAM of 2016. Moreover, the fingerprint similarity between the preparation taken by the patient and a commercially available preparation was 0.99, suggesting that the patient was consuming XLGB Tablets rather than another drug. LC-MS technology and the Agilent Fake TCM-Drugs database were used to investigate the drug, and no chemical additions were found. Examination of the drug for pesticide residues, heavy metals, aflatoxins and other exogenous substances indicated compliance with the content limits of the <em>Chinese Pharmacopoeia</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In summary, the final diagnosis of XLGB-induced liver injury reached the clinical diagnosis of HILI and was acute severe hepatocellular injury type by the updated RUCAM and iEC. Therefore, this study provides scientific evidence regarding the causality evaluation of compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicines-induced liver injury.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 301-309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638424000091/pdfft?md5=70aec6d58fce7f9b9d5adc3a5c26f656&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638424000091-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.003
Jiamin Bao , Yongjia Song , Minghui Hang , Hao Xu , Qiang Li , Pengyu Wang , Tao Chen , Mengxiong Xia , Qi Shi , Yongjun Wang , Xiaoyun Wang , Qianqian Liang
Objective
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive arthritis, characterized by inflammatory infiltration and bone destruction. Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) is traditional Chinese medicine, which has been applied in the treatment of RA in clinical. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of HGWD on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model.
Methods
DBA/1J female mice were used to establish the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. HGWD was administered intragastrically once a day for four weeks starting on the 22nd day after the first immunization. The body weight, hind paw thickness and clinical score were measured every five days. Gait analysis, histopathological staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ultrasound imaging and micro-computed tomography imaging were performed to determine the effects of HGWD treatment on inflammation and bone structure in this model. Moreover, Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect inflammatory factors mRNA and protein levels after HGWD intervention in RAW 264.7 cells.
Results
HGWD attenuated symptoms of arthritis, suppressed inflammatory synovium area and the serum levels of inflammatory factors, inhibited joint space enlargement in the knee and ankle joints, reduced numbers of osteoclasts, protected bone destruction, as well as improved motor function. HGWD decreased the expression of mRNA for inflammatory factors and the protein expression levels of p-NF-кB and IL-17.
Conclusion
These results suggested that HGWD suppresses inflammation, attenuates bone erosion and maintains motor function in collagen-induced arthritis mice.
{"title":"Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction suppresses inflammation and bone destruction in collagen-induced arthritis mice","authors":"Jiamin Bao , Yongjia Song , Minghui Hang , Hao Xu , Qiang Li , Pengyu Wang , Tao Chen , Mengxiong Xia , Qi Shi , Yongjun Wang , Xiaoyun Wang , Qianqian Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive arthritis, characterized by inflammatory infiltration and bone destruction. Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) is traditional Chinese medicine, which has been applied in the treatment of RA in clinical. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of HGWD on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>DBA/1J female mice were used to establish the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. HGWD was administered intragastrically once a day for four weeks starting on the 22nd day after the first immunization. The body weight, hind paw thickness and clinical score were measured every five days. Gait analysis, histopathological staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ultrasound imaging and micro-computed tomography imaging were performed to determine the effects of HGWD treatment on inflammation and bone structure in this model. Moreover, Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect inflammatory factors mRNA and protein levels after HGWD intervention in RAW 264.7 cells.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>HGWD attenuated symptoms of arthritis, suppressed inflammatory synovium area and the serum levels of inflammatory factors, inhibited joint space enlargement in the knee and ankle joints, reduced numbers of osteoclasts, protected bone destruction, as well as improved motor function. HGWD decreased the expression of mRNA for inflammatory factors and the protein expression levels of p-NF-кB and IL-17.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results suggested that HGWD suppresses inflammation, attenuates bone erosion and maintains motor function in collagen-induced arthritis mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 274-281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638424000017/pdfft?md5=07518d4bd7c45cea297eea0c7d0e6070&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638424000017-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.004
Shubiao Qian , Qing Zhang , Sha Li , Rui Shi , Xiahong He , Shuhui Zi , Tao Liu
<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><em>Paris polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em>, one of the important medicinal plant resources in Yunnan, China, usually takes 6–8 years to be harvested. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method that can not only shorten its growth years, but also improve its quality. In this study, we examined the effects of a combination treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) and drought stress on the accumulation of saponins in it<em>.</em></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em> was infected with a mixture of AMF and PGPE under drought stress. The content of saponins, as well as morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators, were all measured. The UGTs gene related to saponin synthesis was obtained from transcriptome data by homologous comparison, which were used for RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Regardless of water, AMF treatment could infect the roots of <em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em>, however double inoculation with AMF and PGPE (AMF + PGPE) would reduce the infection rate of AMF. Plant height, aboveground and underground fresh weight did not differ significantly between the single inoculation AMF and the double inoculation treatment under different water conditions, but the inoculation treatment significantly increased the plant height of <em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em> compared to the non-inoculation treatment. Single inoculation with AMF considerably increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of <em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em> leaves under various water conditions, but double inoculation with AMF + PGPE greatly increased the intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm). Under diverse water treatments, single inoculation AMF had the highest proline content, whereas double inoculation AMF + PGPE may greatly improve the amount of abscisic acid (ABA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) compared to normal water under moderate drought. Double inoculation AMF + PGPE treatment improved the proportion of N, P, and K in the rhizome of <em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em> under various water conditions. Under moderate drought stress, AMF + PGPE significantly enhanced the contents of <em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em> saponins I, II, VII, and total saponins as compared to normal water circumstances. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (<em>FPPS</em>), Geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (<em>GPPS</em>), Cycloartenol synthase (<em>CAS</em>), and Squalene epoxidase (<em>SE1</em>) were the genes that were significantly up-regulated at the same time. The amount of saponins was favorably linked with the expression of CAS, GPPS, and SE1. Saponin VI content and glycosyl transferase (UGT) 010922 gene expression were found to be substantially associated, as wa
{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting endophytes facilitates accumulation of saponin under moderate drought stress","authors":"Shubiao Qian , Qing Zhang , Sha Li , Rui Shi , Xiahong He , Shuhui Zi , Tao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><em>Paris polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em>, one of the important medicinal plant resources in Yunnan, China, usually takes 6–8 years to be harvested. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method that can not only shorten its growth years, but also improve its quality. In this study, we examined the effects of a combination treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) and drought stress on the accumulation of saponins in it<em>.</em></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em> was infected with a mixture of AMF and PGPE under drought stress. The content of saponins, as well as morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators, were all measured. The UGTs gene related to saponin synthesis was obtained from transcriptome data by homologous comparison, which were used for RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Regardless of water, AMF treatment could infect the roots of <em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em>, however double inoculation with AMF and PGPE (AMF + PGPE) would reduce the infection rate of AMF. Plant height, aboveground and underground fresh weight did not differ significantly between the single inoculation AMF and the double inoculation treatment under different water conditions, but the inoculation treatment significantly increased the plant height of <em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em> compared to the non-inoculation treatment. Single inoculation with AMF considerably increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of <em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em> leaves under various water conditions, but double inoculation with AMF + PGPE greatly increased the intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm). Under diverse water treatments, single inoculation AMF had the highest proline content, whereas double inoculation AMF + PGPE may greatly improve the amount of abscisic acid (ABA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) compared to normal water under moderate drought. Double inoculation AMF + PGPE treatment improved the proportion of N, P, and K in the rhizome of <em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em> under various water conditions. Under moderate drought stress, AMF + PGPE significantly enhanced the contents of <em>P. polyphylla</em> var<em>. yunnanensis</em> saponins I, II, VII, and total saponins as compared to normal water circumstances. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (<em>FPPS</em>), Geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (<em>GPPS</em>), Cycloartenol synthase (<em>CAS</em>), and Squalene epoxidase (<em>SE1</em>) were the genes that were significantly up-regulated at the same time. The amount of saponins was favorably linked with the expression of CAS, GPPS, and SE1. Saponin VI content and glycosyl transferase (UGT) 010922 gene expression were found to be substantially associated, as wa","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 214-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638423000059/pdfft?md5=843a74eddee7942d6396071a2bf72f27&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638423000059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44193659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.11.003
Kailin Yang , Yaping Zheng , Kangmeng Sun , Xinyan Wu , Zheng Zhang , Chunnian He , Peigen Xiao
Rhizosphere microorganisms, as one of the most important components of the soil microbiota and plant holobiont, play a key role in the medicinal plant-soil ecosystem, which are closely related to the growth, adaptability, nutrient absorption, stress tolerance and pathogen resistance of host plants. In recent years, with the wide application of molecular biology and omics technologies, the outcomes of rhizosphere microorganisms on the health, biomass production and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of medicinal plants have received extensive attention. However, whether or to what extent rhizosphere microorganisms can contribute to the construction of the quality evaluation system of Chinese medicinal materials is still elusive. Based on the significant role of rhizosphere microbes in the survival and quality formation of medicinal plants, this paper proposed a new concept of rhizosphere microbial markers (micro-markers), expounded the relevant research methods and ideas of applying the new concept, highlighted the importance of micro-markers in the quality evaluation and control system of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and introduced the potential value in soil environmental assessment, plant pest control and quality assessment of TCMs. It provides reference for developing ecological planting of TCMs and ensuring the production of high quality TCMs by regulating rhizosphere microbial communities.
{"title":"Rhizosphere microbial markers (micro-markers): A new physical examination indicator for traditional Chinese medicines","authors":"Kailin Yang , Yaping Zheng , Kangmeng Sun , Xinyan Wu , Zheng Zhang , Chunnian He , Peigen Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rhizosphere microorganisms, as one of the most important components of the soil microbiota and plant holobiont, play a key role in the medicinal plant-soil ecosystem, which are closely related to the growth, adaptability, nutrient absorption, stress tolerance and pathogen resistance of host plants. In recent years, with the wide application of molecular biology and omics technologies, the outcomes of rhizosphere microorganisms on the health, biomass production and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of medicinal plants have received extensive attention. However, whether or to what extent rhizosphere microorganisms can contribute to the construction of the quality evaluation system of Chinese medicinal materials is still elusive. Based on the significant role of rhizosphere microbes in the survival and quality formation of medicinal plants, this paper proposed a new concept of rhizosphere microbial markers (micro-markers), expounded the relevant research methods and ideas of applying the new concept, highlighted the importance of micro-markers in the quality evaluation and control system of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and introduced the potential value in soil environmental assessment, plant pest control and quality assessment of TCMs. It provides reference for developing ecological planting of TCMs and ensuring the production of high quality TCMs by regulating rhizosphere microbial communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 180-189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638424000108/pdfft?md5=83468d479fdacbe5f39b2c3f9bd2f0c1&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638424000108-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.006
Xinnan Liu , Zhen Yuan , Lifei Luo , Teng Wang , Feng Zhao , Jingze Zhang , Dailin Liu
Objective
Rosa odorata var. gigantea is a popular medicinal plant. Some studies have demonstrated that ethanolic extract of the fruits of R. odorata var. gigantea (FOE) has gastroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective activity of FOE on water immersion restrained stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal injury in a rat model and elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms involved.
Methods
A rat stress ulcer model was established in this study using WIRS. After rats were treated with FOE orally for 7 d, the effect of FOE treatment was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the changes of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors, and gastric-specific regulatory factors and pepsin in the blood and gastric tissues of rats were examined by ELISA assay. Molecular mechanism of FOE was investigated by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot.
Results
Compared with the WIRS group, FOE could diminish both the macroscopic and microscopic pathological morphology of gastric mucosa. FOE significantly preserved the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) contents; anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels as well as regulatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TGF-α) and somatostatin (SS) contents, while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), gastrin (GAS) and endothelin (ET) levels. Moreover, FOE distinctly upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In addition, FOE activated the expression of p-EGFR and downregulated the expression of NF-κB, Bax, Cleaved-caspase-3, Cyto-C and Cleaved-PARP1, thus promoting gastric mucosal cell survival.
Conclusion
The current work demonstrated that FOE exerted a gastroprotective activity against gastric mucosal injury induced by WIRS. The underlying mechanism might be associated with the improvement of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis systems.
{"title":"Protective role of fruits of Rosa odorata var. gigantea against WIRS-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats by modulating pathway related to inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis","authors":"Xinnan Liu , Zhen Yuan , Lifei Luo , Teng Wang , Feng Zhao , Jingze Zhang , Dailin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><em>Rosa odorata</em> var. <em>gigantea</em> is a popular medicinal plant. Some studies have demonstrated that ethanolic extract of the fruits of <em>R. odorata</em> var. <em>gigantea</em> (FOE) has gastroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective activity of FOE on water immersion restrained stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal injury in a rat model and elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms involved.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A rat stress ulcer model was established in this study using WIRS. After rats were treated with FOE orally for 7 d, the effect of FOE treatment was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the changes of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors, and gastric-specific regulatory factors and pepsin in the blood and gastric tissues of rats were examined by ELISA assay. Molecular mechanism of FOE was investigated by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with the WIRS group, FOE could diminish both the macroscopic and microscopic pathological morphology of gastric mucosa. FOE significantly preserved the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) contents; anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels as well as regulatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TGF-α) and somatostatin (SS) contents, while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), gastrin (GAS) and endothelin (ET) levels. Moreover, FOE distinctly upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In addition, FOE activated the expression of p-EGFR and downregulated the expression of NF-κB, Bax, Cleaved-caspase-3, Cyto-C and Cleaved-PARP1, thus promoting gastric mucosal cell survival.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The current work demonstrated that FOE exerted a gastroprotective activity against gastric mucosal injury induced by WIRS. The underlying mechanism might be associated with the improvement of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638424000121/pdfft?md5=0986d85f8fe1395be8d94dad72a43d91&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638424000121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2024.03.002
Juan Chen, Luping Qin
{"title":"Microbial interactions within Chinese traditional medicinal plants","authors":"Juan Chen, Luping Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 169-171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638424000273/pdfft?md5=acebe1c8cf377160706459dc9b52902f&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638424000273-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.008
Lijun Yue , Kaijun Yang , Feng Jiang , Shuai Dong , Kang Yang , Dan Zhu
Objective
To clear the amounts of the principal active/toxic components in herbs containing aristolochic acids (HCAAs), which are still used as medicine and/or seasoning in many ethnic minority areas of China.
Methods
In this study, six major active and toxic components in HCAAs were extracted with ultrasonic extraction. With 6-O-methyl guanosine as internal standard, the target compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced production ion scanning mode (MRM-IDA-EPI) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS) function.
Results
The method showed good linearity in the linear range of the six analytes. The limit range of detection was from 0.01 ng/mL to 0.27 ng/mL. All of the detection repeatability, extraction repeatability and accuracy of the method were good. After extraction, the samples remained stable at 15 °C within 24 h. Six analytes were all found in samples except aristolactam (AL) in sample 2, and the contents varied greatly. The contents of these compounds decreased in fruits, leaves and stems of Aristolochia delavayi successively.
Conclusion
This method has the advantages of less sample dosage, simple operation, short analysis cycle, high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. It laid a good foundation for guiding the safety of HCAAs, the in-depth study of pharmacological and toxicological effects and the scientific and standardized processing and compatibility of HCAAs.
{"title":"Chemical profiling of principle active and toxic constituents in herbs containing aristolochic acids","authors":"Lijun Yue , Kaijun Yang , Feng Jiang , Shuai Dong , Kang Yang , Dan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To clear the amounts of the principal active/toxic components in herbs containing aristolochic acids (HCAAs), which are still used as medicine and/or seasoning in many ethnic minority areas of China.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, six major active and toxic components in HCAAs were extracted with ultrasonic extraction. With 6-<em>O</em>-methyl guanosine as internal standard, the target compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced production ion scanning mode (MRM-IDA-EPI) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS) function.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The method showed good linearity in the linear range of the six analytes. The limit range of detection was from 0.01 ng/mL to 0.27 ng/mL. All of the detection repeatability, extraction repeatability and accuracy of the method were good. After extraction, the samples remained stable at 15 °C within 24 h. Six analytes were all found in samples except aristolactam (AL) in sample 2, and the contents varied greatly. The contents of these compounds decreased in fruits, leaves and stems of <em>Aristolochia delavayi</em> successively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This method has the advantages of less sample dosage, simple operation, short analysis cycle, high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. It laid a good foundation for guiding the safety of HCAAs, the in-depth study of pharmacological and toxicological effects and the scientific and standardized processing and compatibility of HCAAs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638423000813/pdfft?md5=12bb69adeafb66bf4c47b97f68f3bd18&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638423000813-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135389873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.11.001
Jerome Ndudi Asiwe , Abodunrin Adebayo Ojetola , Nwoke Enekabokom Ekene , Esthinsheen Osirim , Anthony Chibuzor Nnamudi , Benjamin Oritsemuelebi , Jackson Erozueme Onuelu , Nicholas Asiwe , Harrison Ogheneochuko Eruotor , Saviour Inegbenehi
Objective
Myocardial infarction (MI) is linked to an imbalance in the supply and demand of blood oxygen in the heart muscles. Beta-blockers and calcium antagonists are just two of the common medications used to treat MI. However, these have reportedly been shown to be either ineffective or to have undesirable side effects. Extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBE), a Chinese herbal product offers special compatibility benefits in therapeutic settings relating to inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress. In order to better understand how GBE affects MI in rats insulted by isoprenaline (ISO), the current study was designed.
Methods
The heart weight index, serum lipid profile, cardiac marker enzymes, endogenous antioxidants [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nitrites and malondialdehyde (MDA)], inflammatory mediators [tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], immunohistochemical expressions of B-cell lymphoma factor-2 (Bcl-2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and histopathological analysis were used to assess the cardioprotective properties of GBE.
Results
The findings showed that GBE effectively attenuated myocardial infarction by boosting the body’s natural antioxidant defense system and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines as well as heart injury marker enzymes. The expression of Bcl-2, ERK1/2 and mTOR was increased while the histomorphological alterations were reversed.
Conclusion
The cardioprotective effects of GBE may be due to a mechanism involving increased Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2/Na+, K+-ATPase activity.
目标心肌梗死（MI）与心肌血氧供需失衡有关。β-受体阻滞剂和钙拮抗剂是治疗心肌梗塞的两种常用药物。但据报道，这些药物要么无效，要么有不良副作用。银杏叶提取物（GBE）是一种中草药产品，在治疗炎症性疾病和氧化应激方面具有特殊的兼容性优势。为了更好地了解 GBE 如何影响异丙肾上腺素（ISO）损伤大鼠的心肌梗死，本研究进行了设计。方法心脏重量指数、血清脂质概况、心脏标志酶、内源性抗氧化剂[过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、亚硝酸盐和丙二醛（MDA）]、炎症介质[肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）]、采用 B 细胞淋巴瘤因子-2（Bcl-2）、细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK1/2）和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标（mTOR）的免疫组化表达以及组织病理学分析来评估 GBE 的心脏保护特性。结果研究结果表明，GBE能增强机体的天然抗氧化防御系统，减少炎性细胞因子和心脏损伤标志酶的释放，从而有效减轻心肌梗死。结论GBE对心脏的保护作用可能是由于其增加了Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2/Na+、K+-ATPase活性的机制。
{"title":"Pleiotropic attenuating effect of Ginkgo biloba against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction via improving Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2/Na+, K+-ATPase activities","authors":"Jerome Ndudi Asiwe , Abodunrin Adebayo Ojetola , Nwoke Enekabokom Ekene , Esthinsheen Osirim , Anthony Chibuzor Nnamudi , Benjamin Oritsemuelebi , Jackson Erozueme Onuelu , Nicholas Asiwe , Harrison Ogheneochuko Eruotor , Saviour Inegbenehi","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is linked to an imbalance in the supply and demand of blood oxygen in the heart muscles. Beta-blockers and calcium antagonists are just two of the common medications used to treat MI. However, these have reportedly been shown to be either ineffective or to have undesirable side effects. Extract of <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> leaves (GBE), a Chinese herbal product offers special compatibility benefits in therapeutic settings relating to inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress. In order to better understand how GBE affects MI in rats insulted by isoprenaline (ISO), the current study was designed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The heart weight index, serum lipid profile, cardiac marker enzymes, endogenous antioxidants [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nitrites and malondialdehyde (MDA)], inflammatory mediators [tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], immunohistochemical expressions of B-cell lymphoma factor-2 (Bcl-2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and histopathological analysis were used to assess the cardioprotective properties of GBE.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings showed that GBE effectively attenuated myocardial infarction by boosting the body’s natural antioxidant defense system and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines as well as heart injury marker enzymes. The expression of Bcl-2, ERK1/2 and mTOR was increased while the histomorphological alterations were reversed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The cardioprotective effects of GBE may be due to a mechanism involving increased Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2/Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 282-292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638423001041/pdfft?md5=301e510167e9a1ab4d4debda425ca60a&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638423001041-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139305043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.01.004
Yuanyuan Chen , Shanshan Chen , Kaiting Chen , Lanfang Ji , Shuna Cui
Objective
This study is designed to investigate the mode of action of the synergistic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and magnolol against cervical cancer.
Methods
Network pharmacological approach was applied to predict the molecular mechanism of 5-FU combined with magnolol against cervical cancer. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, immunofluorescence staining, adhesion assay, wound healing mobility assay, cell migration and invasion assay and Western blot analysis were conducted to validate the results of in silico study.
Results
Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was identified as the key pathway in silico study. The experimental results showed that 5-FU combined with magnolol strongly inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, induced the morphological change of HeLa cells by down-regulating the expression of α-actinin, tensin-2 and vinculin. Moreover, magnolol enhanced inhibitory effect of 5-FU on the cell adhesion, migration and invasion. The phosphorylation of AKT and PI3K and the expression of mTOR were strongly inhibited by the combination of 5-FU and magnolol. Moreover, the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin was upregulated and the expression of Snail, Slug and vimentin was down-regulated by the 5-FU together with magnolol.
Conclusion
Taken together, this study suggests that 5-FU combined with magnolol exerts a synergistic anti-cervical cancer effect by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathways.
{"title":"Magnolol and 5-fluorouracil synergy inhibition of metastasis of cervical cancer cells by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and EMT pathways","authors":"Yuanyuan Chen , Shanshan Chen , Kaiting Chen , Lanfang Ji , Shuna Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chmed.2023.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study is designed to investigate the mode of action of the synergistic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and magnolol against cervical cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Network pharmacological approach was applied to predict the molecular mechanism of 5-FU combined with magnolol against cervical cancer. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, immunofluorescence staining, adhesion assay, wound healing mobility assay, cell migration and invasion assay and Western blot analysis were conducted to validate the results of <em>in silico</em> study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was identified as the key pathway <em>in silico</em> study. The experimental results showed that 5-FU combined with magnolol strongly inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, induced the morphological change of HeLa cells by down-regulating the expression of <em>α</em>-actinin, tensin-2 and vinculin. Moreover, magnolol enhanced inhibitory effect of 5-FU on the cell adhesion, migration and invasion. The phosphorylation of AKT and PI3K and the expression of mTOR were strongly inhibited by the combination of 5-FU and magnolol. Moreover, the expression of E-cadherin and <em>β</em>-catenin was upregulated and the expression of Snail, Slug and vimentin was down-regulated by the 5-FU together with magnolol.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Taken together, this study suggests that 5-FU combined with magnolol exerts a synergistic anti-cervical cancer effect by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9916,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638423000540/pdfft?md5=fb223695f3b17d7b14f4aff34742d7b6&pid=1-s2.0-S1674638423000540-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43979249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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