Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240212641
N. V. Zaitseva, T. S. Ulanova, G. A. Veikhman, Ksenia Olegovna Gileva, E. V. Stenno, A. V. Nedoshitova
Food safety is a major responsibility of public healthcare. Therefore, challenges related to determining toxic elements (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Al and Sr) in various food products need to be tackled. This paper focuses on systematizing international experience of determining toxic elements in different kinds of rice (they differ as per a type of grain, industrial processing, and geographical origin) by using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Rice accumulates more metals than any other cereal due to its high absorbability and is among primary sources of toxic metals introduction. Median concentrations of such toxic metals as As, Pb and Cd were higher in white rice from Thailand, India and Italy than from the USA. Lead and cadmium concentrations were not higher than levels recommended by the Codex; however, As concentrations in brown rice and one sort of white rice from the USA were higher than the Codex standards. Still, health risks caused by consuming food products which are contaminated with As depend on daily As consumption, as well as on its form and biological availability. Median concentrations of toxic metals were higher in white and brown rice than in other grains. When white rice was washed out before the tests to remove any external contamination, this resulted in decreasing concentrations of such toxic elements as Pb and Cd, by 57% and 46% accordingly. Rice washing involves losing basic elements which make for proper functioning of the body. Additional efforts are required to optimize rice to water ratio in washing in order to minimize substantial losses of basic ingredients and nutrients in washed rice. The research results indicate that it is advisable to eat different kinds of rice or combine it with other cereals in food rations. This can reduce exposure to toxic metals and provide additional quantities of essential elements which are in certain deficiency in a rice-based diet.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE OF TOXIC ELEMENTS DETERMINATION IN RICE BY THE METHOD OF MASS SPECTROMETRY WITH INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA","authors":"N. V. Zaitseva, T. S. Ulanova, G. A. Veikhman, Ksenia Olegovna Gileva, E. V. Stenno, A. V. Nedoshitova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240212641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240212641","url":null,"abstract":"Food safety is a major responsibility of public healthcare. Therefore, challenges related to determining toxic elements (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Al and Sr) in various food products need to be tackled. This paper focuses on systematizing international experience of determining toxic elements in different kinds of rice (they differ as per a type of grain, industrial processing, and geographical origin) by using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Rice accumulates more metals than any other cereal due to its high absorbability and is among primary sources of toxic metals introduction. Median concentrations of such toxic metals as As, Pb and Cd were higher in white rice from Thailand, India and Italy than from the USA. Lead and cadmium concentrations were not higher than levels recommended by the Codex; however, As concentrations in brown rice and one sort of white rice from the USA were higher than the Codex standards. Still, health risks caused by consuming food products which are contaminated with As depend on daily As consumption, as well as on its form and biological availability. Median concentrations of toxic metals were higher in white and brown rice than in other grains. When white rice was washed out before the tests to remove any external contamination, this resulted in decreasing concentrations of such toxic elements as Pb and Cd, by 57% and 46% accordingly. Rice washing involves losing basic elements which make for proper functioning of the body. Additional efforts are required to optimize rice to water ratio in washing in order to minimize substantial losses of basic ingredients and nutrients in washed rice. The research results indicate that it is advisable to eat different kinds of rice or combine it with other cereals in food rations. This can reduce exposure to toxic metals and provide additional quantities of essential elements which are in certain deficiency in a rice-based diet.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"106 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140679782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of plant raw materials can be hindered due to concerns about their quality and safety for the human body, resulting from exceeding permissible limits of radionuclides, heavy metals, and other xenobiotics. Ensuring the quality and safety and guaranteeing the quality of raw materials and finished products is one of the tasks for researchers and practitioners. The composition and content of macro- and microelements in the seeds, roots, and leaves of A.lappa and A. tomentosum, cultivated and growing wild in the Tomsk region (Timiryazevskoye village) and Altai Territory (Altaiskoe village), have been determined, and samples a dry extracts of the roots and leaves of A. tomentosum produced by Visterra LLC, have been analyzed. The elemental composition was determined by using neutron activation analysis and flame photometry. The samples of wild and cultivated species, extracts revealed the presence of 31 chemical elements. According to the potassium content, Arctium lappa and Arctium tomentosum can be attributed to potassium concentrator plants. The leaves, roots, and seeds have the same elemental composition parts of the plant and species. In all samples of roots, seeds, leaves, and dry extracts, the levels of Cd, As complied with the requirements of the standards and sanitary norms.
由于担心放射性核素、重金属和其他异种生物的含量超过允许限度，植物原材料的质量和对人体的安全性可能会阻碍其使用。确保质量和安全，保证原材料和成品的质量是研究人员和从业人员的任务之一。在托木斯克地区（Timiryazevskoye 村）和阿尔泰边疆区（Altaiskoe 村）栽培和野生的 A.lappa 和 A. tomentosum 的种子、根和叶中确定了宏量和微量元素的组成和含量，并对 Visterra LLC 生产的 A. tomentosum 根和叶的干提取物样本进行了分析。元素组成是通过中子活化分析和火焰光度法测定的。野生和栽培物种的提取物样本显示含有 31 种化学元素。根据钾元素的含量，牛蒡（Arctium lappa）和茄属牛蒡（Arctium tomentosum）属于钾元素富集植物。叶、根和种子的元素组成与植物和物种的部分元素组成相同。在所有根、种子、叶片和干提取物样本中，镉和砷的含量都符合标准和卫生规范的要求。
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF THE ELEMENTAL PROFILE OF LEAVES, ROOTS, SEEDS AND DRY EXTRACTS OF ARCTIUM LAPPA AND ARCTIUM TOMENTOSUM","authors":"Natal'ya Eduardovna Kolomiets, Roman Sergeevich Boev, Lyudmila Vladimirovna Zhalnina, Abdujalil Qaeed Hassan Ali, Andrey Alexandrovich Maryin","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240212998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240212998","url":null,"abstract":"The use of plant raw materials can be hindered due to concerns about their quality and safety for the human body, resulting from exceeding permissible limits of radionuclides, heavy metals, and other xenobiotics. Ensuring the quality and safety and guaranteeing the quality of raw materials and finished products is one of the tasks for researchers and practitioners. The composition and content of macro- and microelements in the seeds, roots, and leaves of A.lappa and A. tomentosum, cultivated and growing wild in the Tomsk region (Timiryazevskoye village) and Altai Territory (Altaiskoe village), have been determined, and samples a dry extracts of the roots and leaves of A. tomentosum produced by Visterra LLC, have been analyzed. The elemental composition was determined by using neutron activation analysis and flame photometry. The samples of wild and cultivated species, extracts revealed the presence of 31 chemical elements. According to the potassium content, Arctium lappa and Arctium tomentosum can be attributed to potassium concentrator plants. The leaves, roots, and seeds have the same elemental composition parts of the plant and species. In all samples of roots, seeds, leaves, and dry extracts, the levels of Cd, As complied with the requirements of the standards and sanitary norms.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"27 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140727492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112745
Anna Gennadievna Meshchanova, Vladilen Vasilievich Polyakov, Svetlana Alexandrovna Krotova
In recent years, there has been a persistent search for new methods and technologies for cultivating individual crops in order to increase their productivity and improve product quality. New methods of pre-sowing seed treatment with biological stimulants are increasingly being introduced, increasing not only crop yields, but also changing (increasingly) the content of important nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, oils, and others). Despite the rapid development of chemistry and the growth in the number of new highly effective drugs of biotechnological and synthetic origin, plants continue to occupy a significant place as a growth stimulator of agricultural crops. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of poplar extract on the growth and development of white cabbage. Tasks: to investigate the qualitative composition of the aqueous extract of poplar buds; to establish the growth-stimulating activity of the extract of balsamic poplar buds in relation to the seeds of white cabbage. Methodology and scientific approaches: in the course of the work, experimental studies were carried out on the extraction of natural compounds of balsam poplar buds, evaluating the effectiveness of the balsam poplar bud extract on the growth and development of white cabbage. Results and conclusions: in the composition of the aqueous extract of poplar buds, such classes of compounds as flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins, amino acids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides were identified; the use of poplar bud extract had a significant impact on morphogenesis, physiological and biochemical parameters, and the productivity of white cabbage of the "Gift" variety.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF POPULUS BALZAMIFERA BUDNEY EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CABBAGE","authors":"Anna Gennadievna Meshchanova, Vladilen Vasilievich Polyakov, Svetlana Alexandrovna Krotova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112745","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a persistent search for new methods and technologies for cultivating individual crops in order to increase their productivity and improve product quality. New methods of pre-sowing seed treatment with biological stimulants are increasingly being introduced, increasing not only crop yields, but also changing (increasingly) the content of important nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, oils, and others). Despite the rapid development of chemistry and the growth in the number of new highly effective drugs of biotechnological and synthetic origin, plants continue to occupy a significant place as a growth stimulator of agricultural crops. \u0000The aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of poplar extract on the growth and development of white cabbage. \u0000Tasks: to investigate the qualitative composition of the aqueous extract of poplar buds; to establish the growth-stimulating activity of the extract of balsamic poplar buds in relation to the seeds of white cabbage. \u0000Methodology and scientific approaches: in the course of the work, experimental studies were carried out on the extraction of natural compounds of balsam poplar buds, evaluating the effectiveness of the balsam poplar bud extract on the growth and development of white cabbage. \u0000Results and conclusions: in the composition of the aqueous extract of poplar buds, such classes of compounds as flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins, amino acids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides were identified; the use of poplar bud extract had a significant impact on morphogenesis, physiological and biochemical parameters, and the productivity of white cabbage of the \"Gift\" variety.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112574
N. A. Voynov, A. S. Frolov, Anastasia Viktorovna Bogatkova, Denis Andreevich Zemtsov, Vyacheslav Andreevich Chernov
Gas-liquid bioreactors in which the introduction of the gas substrate in the culture liquid is carried out from the vortex cavity formed by the rotation of the stirrer. In order to simplify the design and intensify mass transfer a new method of dispersing the gas substrate from the vortex cavity is proposed and studied. It consists in maintaining local zones with reduced pressure in the liquid behind the rotating paddles and creating the necessary conditions for the introduction of the gas substrate. On the basis of numerical simulation the pressure is calculated and the zones of low pressure in liquid behind the stirrer paddles are determined. The value of differential pressure necessary for gas dispersion has been estimated. The angular velocity of liquid rotation depending on the number of partitions on the apparatus wall and the number of mixer revolutions is presented. The gas content in the liquid during the implementation of the investigated method has been determined. The average surface diameter of gas bubbles and interfacial surface of gas-liquid medium were calculated from experimental data. The power spent on stirring in the apparatus has been established and the power criterion with regard to gas content has been determined. Mass transfer at intensive gas dispersion from gas vortex cavity into liquid has been investigated. Criterion dependence for calculation of mass transfer coefficient is presented, taking into account energy dissipation spent on mixing and interfacial surface. The fields of application of bioreactor with new method of gas dispersion are shown.
{"title":"MASS TRANSFER IN THE BIOREACTOR DURING GAS DISPERSION FROM THE STIRRER VORTEX CAVITY","authors":"N. A. Voynov, A. S. Frolov, Anastasia Viktorovna Bogatkova, Denis Andreevich Zemtsov, Vyacheslav Andreevich Chernov","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112574","url":null,"abstract":"Gas-liquid bioreactors in which the introduction of the gas substrate in the culture liquid is carried out from the vortex cavity formed by the rotation of the stirrer. In order to simplify the design and intensify mass transfer a new method of dispersing the gas substrate from the vortex cavity is proposed and studied. It consists in maintaining local zones with reduced pressure in the liquid behind the rotating paddles and creating the necessary conditions for the introduction of the gas substrate. On the basis of numerical simulation the pressure is calculated and the zones of low pressure in liquid behind the stirrer paddles are determined. The value of differential pressure necessary for gas dispersion has been estimated. The angular velocity of liquid rotation depending on the number of partitions on the apparatus wall and the number of mixer revolutions is presented. The gas content in the liquid during the implementation of the investigated method has been determined. The average surface diameter of gas bubbles and interfacial surface of gas-liquid medium were calculated from experimental data. The power spent on stirring in the apparatus has been established and the power criterion with regard to gas content has been determined. Mass transfer at intensive gas dispersion from gas vortex cavity into liquid has been investigated. Criterion dependence for calculation of mass transfer coefficient is presented, taking into account energy dissipation spent on mixing and interfacial surface. The fields of application of bioreactor with new method of gas dispersion are shown.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"42 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to optimize the methodology of quantitative determination of flavonoids in the leaves of Menyanthidis trifoliatae. In official medicine, the leaves of Menyanthidis trifoliatae are used for anorexia and dyspeptic disorders. In the current regulatory documentation (State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation), it is proposed to evaluate the quality of raw materials by the content of the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin using spectrophotometry. This technique is based on the ability of flavonoids containing free aromatic hydroxyl groups to form colored products with diazotized sulfanilic acid. The disadvantage of this technique is the long and time-consuming stage of cleaning raw materials from certain groups of lipophilic substances, which can also react with diazotized sulfanilic acid to form colored products. We have proposed a selective method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in the herb trifoliate by the method of spectrophotometry in terms of rutin. The technique is based on the ability of flavonoids to form stable colored complexes with aluminum chloride. We have selected the optimal conditions for extraction and complexation reaction of aluminum chloride with flavonoids of M. trifoliatae extract. The proposed method has been validated and is suitable for use in an analytical laboratory.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF THE METHOD OF QUANTITATIVE DEFINITIONS OF FLAVONOIDS IN THE RAW MATERIALS OF \"MENYANTHIDIS TRIFOLIATAE LEAVES\"","authors":"Valeria Yurievna Andreeva, Nadezhda Sergeevna Zinner, Tatyana Vladimirovna Kadyrova, Mikhail Valerievich Belousov","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112867","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to optimize the methodology of quantitative determination of flavonoids in the leaves of Menyanthidis trifoliatae. In official medicine, the leaves of Menyanthidis trifoliatae are used for anorexia and dyspeptic disorders. \u0000In the current regulatory documentation (State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation), it is proposed to evaluate the quality of raw materials by the content of the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin using spectrophotometry. This technique is based on the ability of flavonoids containing free aromatic hydroxyl groups to form colored products with diazotized sulfanilic acid. The disadvantage of this technique is the long and time-consuming stage of cleaning raw materials from certain groups of lipophilic substances, which can also react with diazotized sulfanilic acid to form colored products. \u0000We have proposed a selective method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in the herb trifoliate by the method of spectrophotometry in terms of rutin. The technique is based on the ability of flavonoids to form stable colored complexes with aluminum chloride. We have selected the optimal conditions for extraction and complexation reaction of aluminum chloride with flavonoids of M. trifoliatae extract. The proposed method has been validated and is suitable for use in an analytical laboratory.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"40 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112489
O. Askarova, Khairulla Mamadievich Bobakulov, Adhamjon Askarali ugli Ganiev, Nargiza Kudratullaevna Usmanova, S. Sasmakov, Farhod Bakir ugli Eshboev, Эркин Хожиакбарович Ботиров, S. Azimova
The component composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation from the air dried aerial part of the Lophanthus schtschurowskianus (Regel) Lipsky, growing in the Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, was studied. By the GC-MS method were identified 57 components in the composition of EO, which was 93.8% of the total amount of oil, of which 52 volatile compounds were identified. The main components of the essential oil were 1,8-cineol (13.4%), viridiflorol (8.5%), α-terpineol (4.3%), terpinen-4-ol (4.2%), τ-cadinol (4.1%), β-spatulenol (3.9%), α-p-dimethylstyrene (2.1%). Oxygenated monoterpenes (33.6%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (24.7%) predominate in the composition of the essential oil; compounds related to sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (8.6%) were also found. The composition of the EO components of L. schtschurowskianus significantly differs from the EOs of other studied plant species of the genus Lophanthus. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil, as well as various extracts from the aerial parts of L. schtschurowskianus, was studied using a modified agar diffusion method. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be susceptible to all the studied samples. Among the studied samples, the essential oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Three individual phenolic compounds were isolated from various fractions of a 75% alcoholic extract of the aerial part of L. schtschurowskianus, which, based on the study of 1H, 13C NMR, HSQC and HMBC spectra, were identified as caffeic, rosmarinic acids and luteolin.
{"title":"COMPONENT COMPOSITIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF THE AERIAL PART OF LOPHANTHUS SCHTSCHUROVSKIANUS","authors":"O. Askarova, Khairulla Mamadievich Bobakulov, Adhamjon Askarali ugli Ganiev, Nargiza Kudratullaevna Usmanova, S. Sasmakov, Farhod Bakir ugli Eshboev, Эркин Хожиакбарович Ботиров, S. Azimova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112489","url":null,"abstract":"The component composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation from the air dried aerial part of the Lophanthus schtschurowskianus (Regel) Lipsky, growing in the Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, was studied. By the GC-MS method were identified 57 components in the composition of EO, which was 93.8% of the total amount of oil, of which 52 volatile compounds were identified. The main components of the essential oil were 1,8-cineol (13.4%), viridiflorol (8.5%), α-terpineol (4.3%), terpinen-4-ol (4.2%), τ-cadinol (4.1%), β-spatulenol (3.9%), α-p-dimethylstyrene (2.1%). Oxygenated monoterpenes (33.6%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (24.7%) predominate in the composition of the essential oil; compounds related to sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (8.6%) were also found. The composition of the EO components of L. schtschurowskianus significantly differs from the EOs of other studied plant species of the genus Lophanthus. \u0000The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil, as well as various extracts from the aerial parts of L. schtschurowskianus, was studied using a modified agar diffusion method. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be susceptible to all the studied samples. Among the studied samples, the essential oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. \u0000Three individual phenolic compounds were isolated from various fractions of a 75% alcoholic extract of the aerial part of L. schtschurowskianus, which, based on the study of 1H, 13C NMR, HSQC and HMBC spectra, were identified as caffeic, rosmarinic acids and luteolin.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"55 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112466
B. A. Abdurakhmanov, Alimzhon Davlatboevich Matchanov, Ravshanzhon Muratdzhanovich Khalilov, G. B. Sotimov, Khilola Akhrarovna Ubaydullaeva
Inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to study the elemental composition of the underground and aboveground parts of the Datura stramonium growing on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The obtained data show that 41 elements were found in the composition of the vegetative organs of the D. stramonium, including 6 macroelements (Ca, P, K, Na, S, Mg), 8 essential microelements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, Mo), and 6 conditionally essential. Moreover, 6 trace elements (B, Si, Ni, V, As, Li), 16 toxic (Pb, Cd, Ge, Sr, Zr, Tl, Bi, Sn, Sb, W, Ag, Ba, Al, Ga, Ti, Be) and 5 little studied elements (Nb, Cs, Ta, Rb, Re) were identified. It was revealed that among the detected elements in D. stramonium, 3 macroelements (Ca, K and Fe) are contained in a concentration of more than 1000 mg/kg, 4 elements (P, S, Mg, Si) are from 100 to 1000 mg/kg, 3 elements (Na, Mn, B), ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg and the rest were in the range of less than 10 mg/kg. The macroelements were located between each other in the following order: in the roots of the plant Ca (40%)>K (39%)>P (9%)>Mg (6%)>S (4%)>Na (2%), and in the aerial part of the plant Ca (50%)>K (30%)>Mg (9%)>P (7%)>S (3%)>Na (1%). The highest content of essential trace elements in the composition of the roots and aboveground parts of the D. stramonium falls on the share of Fe (n/h 2015.4521 mg/kg, n/h 1516.3041 mg/kg), and among the conditionally essential microelements Si (n/h 397.8607, n/ch 234.4246). It has been established that the higher content of toxic elements in the composition in the underground part of D. stramonium falls on the proportion of A1 (36.92%) and Ti (35.54%), and in the aboveground part of Ga (48.57%) and Al (17.37%), relative to the total content toxic elements. According to the content of salts of heavy metals of the D. stramonium growing in Uzbekistan meets the requirements established by the Global Fund XIV and WHO. Salts of toxic elements Hg were not found. Comparative data showed that in both organs of D. stramonium growing in Uzbekistan, the content of the considered elements is lower than amount of the element of D. stramonium growing in Kazakhstan and South Africa.
{"title":"CHEMICAL ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF DATURA STRAMONIUM L. GROWING IN UZBEKISTAN","authors":"B. A. Abdurakhmanov, Alimzhon Davlatboevich Matchanov, Ravshanzhon Muratdzhanovich Khalilov, G. B. Sotimov, Khilola Akhrarovna Ubaydullaeva","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112466","url":null,"abstract":"Inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to study the elemental composition of the underground and aboveground parts of the Datura stramonium growing on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The obtained data show that 41 elements were found in the composition of the vegetative organs of the D. stramonium, including 6 macroelements (Ca, P, K, Na, S, Mg), 8 essential microelements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, Mo), and 6 conditionally essential. Moreover, 6 trace elements (B, Si, Ni, V, As, Li), 16 toxic (Pb, Cd, Ge, Sr, Zr, Tl, Bi, Sn, Sb, W, Ag, Ba, Al, Ga, Ti, Be) and 5 little studied elements (Nb, Cs, Ta, Rb, Re) were identified. It was revealed that among the detected elements in D. stramonium, 3 macroelements (Ca, K and Fe) are contained in a concentration of more than 1000 mg/kg, 4 elements (P, S, Mg, Si) are from 100 to 1000 mg/kg, 3 elements (Na, Mn, B), ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg and the rest were in the range of less than 10 mg/kg. The macroelements were located between each other in the following order: in the roots of the plant Ca (40%)>K (39%)>P (9%)>Mg (6%)>S (4%)>Na (2%), and in the aerial part of the plant Ca (50%)>K (30%)>Mg (9%)>P (7%)>S (3%)>Na (1%). The highest content of essential trace elements in the composition of the roots and aboveground parts of the D. stramonium falls on the share of Fe (n/h 2015.4521 mg/kg, n/h 1516.3041 mg/kg), and among the conditionally essential microelements Si (n/h 397.8607, n/ch 234.4246). It has been established that the higher content of toxic elements in the composition in the underground part of D. stramonium falls on the proportion of A1 (36.92%) and Ti (35.54%), and in the aboveground part of Ga (48.57%) and Al (17.37%), relative to the total content toxic elements. According to the content of salts of heavy metals of the D. stramonium growing in Uzbekistan meets the requirements established by the Global Fund XIV and WHO. Salts of toxic elements Hg were not found. Comparative data showed that in both organs of D. stramonium growing in Uzbekistan, the content of the considered elements is lower than amount of the element of D. stramonium growing in Kazakhstan and South Africa.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112033
Yo. S. Karieva, Ranokhon Karimovna Sadikova, Otabek Ulugbek Karimov, K. N. Nuridullaeva
The purpose of this research is to study the process of extraction of isosalipurposide, and on the basis of the data obtained, the development of an optimal technology for obtaining a dry extract from the flowers of Helichrysum maracandicum (Helichrysum maracandicum Popov ex Kirp.). In the studies, the circulation extraction method, which is widely used in local pharmaceutical enterprises, was used. Based on the characteristics of the technology for obtaining a dry extract, a four-factor experimental plan based on a 5x5 Greek-Latin square was used to study the extraction process of the target BAS. Four quantitative factors were chosen as variables: the degree of grinding of the raw material (factor A), the concentration of ethyl alcohol (factor B), the hydromodulus (factor C) and the soaking time of the raw material (factor D). The output parameter was the percentage of the sum of flavonoids in terms of isosalipurposide in the resulting product. The results of dispersion analysis showed that the most complete yield of isosalipurposide was observed with the following indicators of variable factors: raw material grinding – 5–7 mm, extractant – 50% ethyl alcohol, hydromodulus 1 : 5, raw material soaking time – 9 hours. The expediency of using a short-term (10 min) ultrasonic treatment, which allows to increase the yield of the target BAS by 1.12 times, has been proved. The developed technology for obtaining a dry extract has been tested in industrial conditions. The resulting extract of Helichrysum maracandicum flowers in terms of quality met the requirements of pharmacopoeial articles: "Extracts" (SP XIV, GPM.1.4.1.21), "Extracts" (European Pharmacopoeia, 9th edition). Dry extract of Helichrysum maracandicum is recommended for use as a substance for the production of medicines and dietary supplements.
本研究的目的是研究异水杨酸苷的提取过程，并在所获数据的基础上，开发一种从马兰菊（Helichrysum maracandicum Popov ex Kirp.）花中获得干提取物的最佳技术。研究采用了当地制药企业广泛使用的循环提取法。根据获得干提取物的技术特点，采用了基于 5x5 希腊-拉丁正方形的四因素实验方案来研究目标 BAS 的提取过程。实验选择了四个定量因素作为变量：原料的研磨程度（因素 A）、乙醇浓度（因素 B）、水合模数（因素 C）和原料的浸泡时间（因素 D）。输出参数是所得产品中异水苏糖甙类黄酮总和的百分比。分散分析的结果表明，在下列可变因素指标下，异水杨酸苷的收率最高：原料研磨--5-7 毫米，萃取剂--50%乙醇，水合模数 1:5，原料浸泡时间--9 小时。短期（10 分钟）超声波处理可使目标 BAS 的产量提高 1.12 倍，这一点已得到证实。已在工业条件下对开发的干提取物提取技术进行了测试。所获得的腊菊花提取物在质量方面符合药典条款的要求："提取物"（SP XIV，GPM.1.4.1.21）、"提取物"（《欧洲药典》第 9 版）。建议将 Helichrysum maracandicum 的干提取物用作生产药品和膳食补充剂的物质。
{"title":"STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF EXTRACTION OF ISOSALIPURPOSIDE FROM THE FLOWERS OF HELICHRYSUM MARACANDICUM (HELICHRYSUM MARACANDICUM POPOV EX KIRP.)","authors":"Yo. S. Karieva, Ranokhon Karimovna Sadikova, Otabek Ulugbek Karimov, K. N. Nuridullaeva","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112033","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to study the process of extraction of isosalipurposide, and on the basis of the data obtained, the development of an optimal technology for obtaining a dry extract from the flowers of Helichrysum maracandicum (Helichrysum maracandicum Popov ex Kirp.). \u0000In the studies, the circulation extraction method, which is widely used in local pharmaceutical enterprises, was used. Based on the characteristics of the technology for obtaining a dry extract, a four-factor experimental plan based on a 5x5 Greek-Latin square was used to study the extraction process of the target BAS. Four quantitative factors were chosen as variables: the degree of grinding of the raw material (factor A), the concentration of ethyl alcohol (factor B), the hydromodulus (factor C) and the soaking time of the raw material (factor D). The output parameter was the percentage of the sum of flavonoids in terms of isosalipurposide in the resulting product. \u0000The results of dispersion analysis showed that the most complete yield of isosalipurposide was observed with the following indicators of variable factors: raw material grinding – 5–7 mm, extractant – 50% ethyl alcohol, hydromodulus 1 : 5, raw material soaking time – 9 hours. The expediency of using a short-term (10 min) ultrasonic treatment, which allows to increase the yield of the target BAS by 1.12 times, has been proved. The developed technology for obtaining a dry extract has been tested in industrial conditions. The resulting extract of Helichrysum maracandicum flowers in terms of quality met the requirements of pharmacopoeial articles: \"Extracts\" (SP XIV, GPM.1.4.1.21), \"Extracts\" (European Pharmacopoeia, 9th edition). \u0000Dry extract of Helichrysum maracandicum is recommended for use as a substance for the production of medicines and dietary supplements.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112199
Anna Viktorovna Borisova, Daria Romanovna Chervotkina
The purpose of the presented study was to select optimal conditions and develop a technology for obtaining nettle extract, which in the future can be used in food technologies. Nettles were harvested in May before the appearance of inflorescences. The place where the plant is collected is a forest near the village of Lvovka in the Shigonsky district of the Samara region. Mathematical optimization of the conditions for obtaining water-alcohol extract of nettle dioecious was carried out. Nettle extraction was carried out in the traditional way, with ultrasound treatment and ultrahigh frequency currents. To obtain an extract with the highest yield of extractives, it is recommended to use 75% ethyl alcohol as an extractant at a hydromodule of 1 : 10, a temperature in the range from 45 to 55 °C, and an extraction time of 2 hours. In addition, it is possible to use ultrasonic radiation or microwave processing to obtain the extract, which also contribute to an increase in the yield of dry substances. Nettle extract, prepared with the help of ultrahigh frequency currents, showed the greatest antioxidant activity. This extract contains 1309.9 mg of gallic acid and 322.9 mg of catechin per 100 g of feedstock, and its antioxidant activity is 2.5 mg/ml. At the same time, with the help of a microwave field, the extract can be obtained in a minimum time.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING URTICA DIOICA L. EXTRACT AND THE STUDY OF ITS ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES","authors":"Anna Viktorovna Borisova, Daria Romanovna Chervotkina","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112199","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the presented study was to select optimal conditions and develop a technology for obtaining nettle extract, which in the future can be used in food technologies. Nettles were harvested in May before the appearance of inflorescences. The place where the plant is collected is a forest near the village of Lvovka in the Shigonsky district of the Samara region. Mathematical optimization of the conditions for obtaining water-alcohol extract of nettle dioecious was carried out. Nettle extraction was carried out in the traditional way, with ultrasound treatment and ultrahigh frequency currents. To obtain an extract with the highest yield of extractives, it is recommended to use 75% ethyl alcohol as an extractant at a hydromodule of 1 : 10, a temperature in the range from 45 to 55 °C, and an extraction time of 2 hours. In addition, it is possible to use ultrasonic radiation or microwave processing to obtain the extract, which also contribute to an increase in the yield of dry substances. Nettle extract, prepared with the help of ultrahigh frequency currents, showed the greatest antioxidant activity. This extract contains 1309.9 mg of gallic acid and 322.9 mg of catechin per 100 g of feedstock, and its antioxidant activity is 2.5 mg/ml. At the same time, with the help of a microwave field, the extract can be obtained in a minimum time.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112909
L. A. Mingazova, E. V. Kryakunova, Aigul Rafikovna Galieva, Z. Kanarskaya, A. Kanarsky, E. V. Belkina
The paper examines the relationship between the activity of cellulase and xylanase enzymes and the lactic acid yield which was synthesized by the fungus Rhizopus oryzae F-1030 during its cultivation on a culture medium based on catalytically modified neutral sulfite liquors. It was shown that in cultivating by the deep method the fungus R. oryzae F-1030 synthesizes xylanase and cellulase enzymes that break down polysaccharides in a nutrient medium to simple sugars which are easily accessible for assimilation by the fungus. Accordingly, the fungus R. oryzae F-1030 can be used as a promising biotechnological object for the bioconversion of cellulose production secondary resources. It was found that the level of cellulase and xylanase expression in R. oryzae F-1030 depends on the type of substrate. The xylanase activity of the fungus is more pronounced than the cellulase activity since xylan oligomers predominate in birch wood. It was noted that the lactic acid yield during the cultivation of the fungus R. oryzae F-1030 on a catalytically modified neutral sulfite liquor depends on the action specifics of the hydrolyzing catalyst. As a nutrient medium for the microbiological synthesis of lactic acid the fungus R. oryzae F-1030 can use biocatalytically treated liquors of birch wood neutral sulfite pulping.
本文研究了纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的活性与乳酸产量之间的关系，乳酸产量是由真菌根瘤菌 F-1030 在催化改性中性亚硫酸盐液体培养基上培养过程中合成的。研究表明，在深层方法培养过程中，R. oryzae F-1030 真菌会合成木聚糖酶和纤维素酶，将营养培养基中的多糖分解为单糖，便于真菌同化。因此，真菌 R. oryzae F-1030 可作为纤维素生产二次资源生物转化的一种有前途的生物技术对象。研究发现，R. oryzae F-1030 中纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的表达水平取决于底物的类型。真菌的木聚糖酶活性比纤维素酶活性更明显，因为桦木中主要是木聚糖低聚物。研究发现，在催化改良的中性亚硫酸盐液上培养 R. oryzae F-1030 真菌时，乳酸产量取决于水解催化剂的作用特性。作为微生物合成乳酸的营养介质，真菌 R. oryzae F-1030 可以使用经过生物催化处理的桦木中性亚硫酸盐制浆液。
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION CONDITIONS ON CELLULASE AND XYLANASE ACTIVITY OF RHIZOPUS ORYZAE F-1030","authors":"L. A. Mingazova, E. V. Kryakunova, Aigul Rafikovna Galieva, Z. Kanarskaya, A. Kanarsky, E. V. Belkina","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112909","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the relationship between the activity of cellulase and xylanase enzymes and the lactic acid yield which was synthesized by the fungus Rhizopus oryzae F-1030 during its cultivation on a culture medium based on catalytically modified neutral sulfite liquors. It was shown that in cultivating by the deep method the fungus R. oryzae F-1030 synthesizes xylanase and cellulase enzymes that break down polysaccharides in a nutrient medium to simple sugars which are easily accessible for assimilation by the fungus. Accordingly, the fungus R. oryzae F-1030 can be used as a promising biotechnological object for the bioconversion of cellulose production secondary resources. It was found that the level of cellulase and xylanase expression in R. oryzae F-1030 depends on the type of substrate. The xylanase activity of the fungus is more pronounced than the cellulase activity since xylan oligomers predominate in birch wood. It was noted that the lactic acid yield during the cultivation of the fungus R. oryzae F-1030 on a catalytically modified neutral sulfite liquor depends on the action specifics of the hydrolyzing catalyst. As a nutrient medium for the microbiological synthesis of lactic acid the fungus R. oryzae F-1030 can use biocatalytically treated liquors of birch wood neutral sulfite pulping.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"135 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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