Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240113014
Фирдавес Харисовна Хакимова, Olga Alekseevna Noskova, R. R. Khakimov, Ilya Igorevich Fonarev
The possibility and expediency of obtaining and bleaching sulfite pulp from young small-sized spruce wood from thinning (thinning) fellings was studied in comparison with ripe wood. In the process of thinning, a significant amount of young small-sized wood is formed, which can serve as a significant reserve of wood raw materials for the production of pulp and paper. Sulfite pulping from young and ripe spruce wood obtained two samples of pulp of different degrees of penetration. Comparative pulp bleachings were carried out according to the traditional economical but effective D/C-EG-G-D-A scheme; For comparison, pulp samples from ripe and young spruce wood were bleached according to the modern ecological scheme Pa-E-Ch1-E-Ch2-A (ECF technology). It is shown that young small-sized spruce wood is delignified by sulfite cooking solution without difficulty, but somewhat more slowly than ripe wood. Sulfite spruce pulp obtained from thinnings is easier to grind and bleach, has higher mechanical strength than from ripe wood. Bleached pulp was obtained from young thin spruce wood by bleaching according to the scheme D/C–EG –G–D–A of pulp from young thin spruce wood, which in all quality indicators meets the standards for grade AK-II (GOST 3914), which is used mainly in the production of "cultural" grades of paper (written and printed). Comparative bleaching of pulp of approximately the same degree of penetration from ripe and young wood using ECF technology using only two oxidative bleaching agents (hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide) significantly increases the efficiency of pulp bleaching in all quality indicators, but the cost of bleaching, in modern conditions, may be will be slightly higher than in the traditional scheme.
{"title":"AN EFFECTIVE RESOURCE-SAVING OPTION IN THE SPHERE OF WOOD PROCESSING AND ITS PROCESSING IN THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY","authors":"Фирдавес Харисовна Хакимова, Olga Alekseevna Noskova, R. R. Khakimov, Ilya Igorevich Fonarev","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240113014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240113014","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility and expediency of obtaining and bleaching sulfite pulp from young small-sized spruce wood from thinning (thinning) fellings was studied in comparison with ripe wood. In the process of thinning, a significant amount of young small-sized wood is formed, which can serve as a significant reserve of wood raw materials for the production of pulp and paper. \u0000Sulfite pulping from young and ripe spruce wood obtained two samples of pulp of different degrees of penetration. \u0000Comparative pulp bleachings were carried out according to the traditional economical but effective D/C-EG-G-D-A scheme; For comparison, pulp samples from ripe and young spruce wood were bleached according to the modern ecological scheme Pa-E-Ch1-E-Ch2-A (ECF technology). \u0000It is shown that young small-sized spruce wood is delignified by sulfite cooking solution without difficulty, but somewhat more slowly than ripe wood. \u0000Sulfite spruce pulp obtained from thinnings is easier to grind and bleach, has higher mechanical strength than from ripe wood. Bleached pulp was obtained from young thin spruce wood by bleaching according to the scheme D/C–EG –G–D–A of pulp from young thin spruce wood, which in all quality indicators meets the standards for grade AK-II (GOST 3914), which is used mainly in the production of \"cultural\" grades of paper (written and printed). Comparative bleaching of pulp of approximately the same degree of penetration from ripe and young wood using ECF technology using only two oxidative bleaching agents (hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide) significantly increases the efficiency of pulp bleaching in all quality indicators, but the cost of bleaching, in modern conditions, may be will be slightly higher than in the traditional scheme.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112168
D. Ignatova, Marianna Sergeevna Voronina, N. V. Makarova
It is known that various factors of extraction, such as the type of solvent, temperature, time, solvent system, degree of grinding of raw materials, extraction modulus significantly affect the level of antioxidant properties of plant products. The aim of our study was to select the optimal extraction module for two types of tea (Camellia sinensis), to obtain extracts with high values of total soluble solids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, antiradical activity according to the DPPH method, restoring strength according to the FRAP method. The objects of the study were extracts of two types of tea obtained using water, with a grinding degree of 0.5 mm, an extraction temperature of 40–50 °C, an extraction time of 24 h, and various versions of extraction modules 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 : 20. The indicator of the content of dry soluble substances in black and green tea reaches high values when using the extraction module 1 : 10 (9% and 9.6%, respectively), the maximum amount of phenolic substances (3139 mg (HA) / 100 g and 2045 mg (HA) / 100 g), flavonoids (1644 mg (K) / 100 g and 718 mg (K) / 100 g), tannins (123 mg catechin / 100 g and 56 mg catechin / 100 g) were extracted from black and green tea extracts at extraction module 1 : 10. The highest index of restorative power was observed in black and green tea extracts with an extraction modulus of 1 : 10 (8.73 mmol Fe2+ / kg and 15.84 mmol Fe2+ / kg). At an extraction modulus of 1 : 10, black and green tea extracts exhibited the least antiradical activity (Ec50 = 0.39 mg / cm3 and Ec50 = 0.69 mg / cm3). Thus, we can recommend the value of the module 1 : 10 as the most acceptable for obtaining extracts from black and green tea with a high level of the studied parameters.
{"title":"SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL EXTRACTION MODULE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF BLACK AND GREEN TEA EXTRACTS (Camellia sinensis) WITH HIGH INDICATORS OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY","authors":"D. Ignatova, Marianna Sergeevna Voronina, N. V. Makarova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112168","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that various factors of extraction, such as the type of solvent, temperature, time, solvent system, degree of grinding of raw materials, extraction modulus significantly affect the level of antioxidant properties of plant products. The aim of our study was to select the optimal extraction module for two types of tea (Camellia sinensis), to obtain extracts with high values of total soluble solids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, antiradical activity according to the DPPH method, restoring strength according to the FRAP method. The objects of the study were extracts of two types of tea obtained using water, with a grinding degree of 0.5 mm, an extraction temperature of 40–50 °C, an extraction time of 24 h, and various versions of extraction modules 1 : 10, 1 : 15, 1 : 20. The indicator of the content of dry soluble substances in black and green tea reaches high values when using the extraction module 1 : 10 (9% and 9.6%, respectively), the maximum amount of phenolic substances (3139 mg (HA) / 100 g and 2045 mg (HA) / 100 g), flavonoids (1644 mg (K) / 100 g and 718 mg (K) / 100 g), tannins (123 mg catechin / 100 g and 56 mg catechin / 100 g) were extracted from black and green tea extracts at extraction module 1 : 10. The highest index of restorative power was observed in black and green tea extracts with an extraction modulus of 1 : 10 (8.73 mmol Fe2+ / kg and 15.84 mmol Fe2+ / kg). At an extraction modulus of 1 : 10, black and green tea extracts exhibited the least antiradical activity (Ec50 = 0.39 mg / cm3 and Ec50 = 0.69 mg / cm3). Thus, we can recommend the value of the module 1 : 10 as the most acceptable for obtaining extracts from black and green tea with a high level of the studied parameters.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is a profusely fruiting evergreen berry shrub, which is a hypoactic forest species, growing throughout the Kola Peninsula. Fruits have a number of significant therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, antitumor, neuroprotective, decongestant, antibiotic, due to a significant content of phenolic compounds. The process of complete extraction of polyphenolic components from a complex plant matrix requires the development of extraction conditions aimed at maximum mass transfer of target components with minimal destruction of compounds. In connection with the prospects of using the fruits of lingonberry plants in the pharmaceutical and cosmetology industries, in this work, for the first time, optimization of the conditions of the method of ultrasonic extraction with a water-ethanol mixture using single-factor analysis and the Box-Benken algorithm was carried out. The kinetics of the extraction process is approximated by the second-order reaction equation. The optimal duration of extraction, the concentration of the extractant, the power of ultrasonic exposure, the diameter of the fractions of plant raw materials, the hydromodule and the extraction temperature were determined. The total content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, as well as the degree of inhibition of free radicals, were determined. The results obtained can be used in the development of technologies for the production of components for use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetology industries.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF THE METHOD OF ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS WITH AN ALCOHOL-WATER MIXTURE FROM THE FRUITS OF VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA L., GROWING ON THE KOLA PENINSULA","authors":"Lidiya Nikolaevna Sereda, Nikita Sergeevich Tsvetov","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240113108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240113108","url":null,"abstract":"Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is a profusely fruiting evergreen berry shrub, which is a hypoactic forest species, growing throughout the Kola Peninsula. Fruits have a number of significant therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, antitumor, neuroprotective, decongestant, antibiotic, due to a significant content of phenolic compounds. The process of complete extraction of polyphenolic components from a complex plant matrix requires the development of extraction conditions aimed at maximum mass transfer of target components with minimal destruction of compounds. In connection with the prospects of using the fruits of lingonberry plants in the pharmaceutical and cosmetology industries, in this work, for the first time, optimization of the conditions of the method of ultrasonic extraction with a water-ethanol mixture using single-factor analysis and the Box-Benken algorithm was carried out. The kinetics of the extraction process is approximated by the second-order reaction equation. The optimal duration of extraction, the concentration of the extractant, the power of ultrasonic exposure, the diameter of the fractions of plant raw materials, the hydromodule and the extraction temperature were determined. The total content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, as well as the degree of inhibition of free radicals, were determined. The results obtained can be used in the development of technologies for the production of components for use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetology industries.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112298
N. Syrchina, L. Pilip, Tamara Yakovlevna Ashikhmina
The optimal content of trace elements in green feeds is of fundamental importance for ensuring high productivity of cattle. For the production of green fodder, corn grown in fields located near livestock complexes and fertilized by by-products of animal husbandry (BPA) is used. In conditions of a high load of BPA (manure, manure runoff), the accumulation of trace elements in the green mass of corn (GMC) occurs more intensively than when using fertilizers in mineral form. Corn cultivation promotes active removal of Fe, Zn, Mn from the soil and weak removal of Cu. The accumulation of trace elements in plants grown on acidic soils fertilized by BPA is higher than when grown on neutral soils. According to the absolute content in GMC, trace elements are arranged in the following sequence: Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu. The corresponding series coincides with the sequence of decreasing concentrations of mobile forms of elements in agro-ecosystems, but differs from the sequence of changes in the indices of accumulation (IA) of trace elements. The IA values calculated on the basis of experimental data are arranged as follows: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu. The IA of all trace elements, except Cu, in the GMC was higher than one, so corn can be classified as battery plants. IA Cu in different agro-ecosystems was below 1 and practically did not depend on the level of metabolic acidity. The weak accumulation is probably due to the low Cu content in sod-podzolic soils, the high stability of Cu complexes with organic ligands and the significant content of nitrogen available to plants in soils fertilized by BPA.
青饲料中微量元素的最佳含量对确保牛的高产至关重要。为了生产青饲料，人们使用在畜牧场附近的田地里种植的玉米，并用畜牧业副产品（BPA）施肥。在 BPA（粪便、粪便径流）负荷较高的条件下，玉米青储（GMC）中微量元素的积累比使用矿物质肥料时更为密集。玉米种植能促进土壤中铁、锌、锰的主动清除，而对铜的清除较弱。在施用双酚 A 酸性肥料的酸性土壤上生长的植物，其微量元素的累积量高于在中性土壤上生长的植物。根据微量元素在 GMC 中的绝对含量，微量元素按以下顺序排列：锰>铁>锌>铜。相应的序列与农业生态系统中移动形式元素浓度下降的序列相吻合，但与微量元素积累指数（IA）的变化序列不同。根据实验数据计算出的 IA 值排列如下：铁>锌>锰>铜。除 Cu 外，GMC 中所有微量元素的 IA 值均大于 1，因此玉米可归类为电池植物。在不同的农业生态系统中，铜的有效成分低于 1，而且实际上与代谢酸度无关。积累较弱的原因可能是草皮土壤中的铜含量较低，铜与有机配体的络合物稳定性较高，以及双酚 A 肥料土壤中植物可利用的氮含量较高。
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE CONTENT OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE GREEN MASS OF CORN","authors":"N. Syrchina, L. Pilip, Tamara Yakovlevna Ashikhmina","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112298","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal content of trace elements in green feeds is of fundamental importance for ensuring high productivity of cattle. For the production of green fodder, corn grown in fields located near livestock complexes and fertilized by by-products of animal husbandry (BPA) is used. In conditions of a high load of BPA (manure, manure runoff), the accumulation of trace elements in the green mass of corn (GMC) occurs more intensively than when using fertilizers in mineral form. Corn cultivation promotes active removal of Fe, Zn, Mn from the soil and weak removal of Cu. The accumulation of trace elements in plants grown on acidic soils fertilized by BPA is higher than when grown on neutral soils. According to the absolute content in GMC, trace elements are arranged in the following sequence: Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu. The corresponding series coincides with the sequence of decreasing concentrations of mobile forms of elements in agro-ecosystems, but differs from the sequence of changes in the indices of accumulation (IA) of trace elements. The IA values calculated on the basis of experimental data are arranged as follows: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu. The IA of all trace elements, except Cu, in the GMC was higher than one, so corn can be classified as battery plants. IA Cu in different agro-ecosystems was below 1 and practically did not depend on the level of metabolic acidity. The weak accumulation is probably due to the low Cu content in sod-podzolic soils, the high stability of Cu complexes with organic ligands and the significant content of nitrogen available to plants in soils fertilized by BPA.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"36 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112026
Rushan G. Safin, Victor Georgievich Sotnikov
Flax shives – waste generated during the primary processing of flax in the textile industry, make up 70% of the total mass of oil flax stalks. The results of an experimental study of the thermal processing of oil flax bonfires by the method of slow conductive pyrolysis in the temperature range of 400–650 °C are presented. An experimental bench for thermal decomposition of flax fire and activation of carbon residue by superheated water vapor is presented. The required temperature regimes of pyrogenetic decomposition were established, which are in the range of 500–600 °C. An analysis of the physicochemical properties of experimental samples of biochar obtained by pyrogenetic decomposition of flax fires has been carried out. At low temperatures of 400–430 °C, the specific gravity of carbon is in the range of 80–82%. Under temperature conditions of 500–600 °C, the specific gravity of carbon was 91–93%. At higher temperature conditions, the yield of gaseous products increases, and the ash content in the solid carbonaceous residue increases. The modes of steam activation of biochar from flax fires have been established, so to achieve the best sorption values, water vapor should be at a temperature of 900 °C. A comparative analysis of the sorption abilities of experimentally obtained activated carbon with BAU-A activated carbon is given. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the activated carbon from the fire of flax corresponds to the parameters of GOST 6217-74.
亚麻屑是纺织业在对亚麻进行初级加工时产生的废弃物，占油亚麻茎秆总重量的 70%。本文介绍了在 400-650 °C 温度范围内采用缓慢传导热解方法对油亚麻篝火进行热处理的实验研究结果。介绍了亚麻火热分解和过热水蒸气活化残碳的实验台。确定了热解所需的温度范围为 500-600 ℃。对亚麻火热成分解获得的生物炭实验样品的物理化学特性进行了分析。在 400-430 °C 的低温条件下，碳的比重在 80-82% 之间。在 500-600 °C 的温度条件下，碳的比重为 91-93%。在较高温度条件下，气态产物的产量增加，固态碳质残渣中的灰分含量增加。亚麻火灾生物炭的蒸汽活化模式已经确定，因此要达到最佳吸附值，水蒸气的温度应为 900 ℃。实验中获得的活性炭与 BAU-A 活性炭的吸附能力进行了对比分析。根据获得的数据得出结论，亚麻燃烧产生的活性炭符合 GOST 6217-74 的参数要求。
{"title":"THERMAL PROCESSING OF OIL FLAX BONES INTO ACTIVATED CARBON","authors":"Rushan G. Safin, Victor Georgievich Sotnikov","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112026","url":null,"abstract":"Flax shives – waste generated during the primary processing of flax in the textile industry, make up 70% of the total mass of oil flax stalks. The results of an experimental study of the thermal processing of oil flax bonfires by the method of slow conductive pyrolysis in the temperature range of 400–650 °C are presented. An experimental bench for thermal decomposition of flax fire and activation of carbon residue by superheated water vapor is presented. The required temperature regimes of pyrogenetic decomposition were established, which are in the range of 500–600 °C. An analysis of the physicochemical properties of experimental samples of biochar obtained by pyrogenetic decomposition of flax fires has been carried out. At low temperatures of 400–430 °C, the specific gravity of carbon is in the range of 80–82%. Under temperature conditions of 500–600 °C, the specific gravity of carbon was 91–93%. At higher temperature conditions, the yield of gaseous products increases, and the ash content in the solid carbonaceous residue increases. The modes of steam activation of biochar from flax fires have been established, so to achieve the best sorption values, water vapor should be at a temperature of 900 °C. A comparative analysis of the sorption abilities of experimentally obtained activated carbon with BAU-A activated carbon is given. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the activated carbon from the fire of flax corresponds to the parameters of GOST 6217-74.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112766
Galina Sergeevna Volkova, Elena Nikolaevna Sokolova, Vladislav Vitalievich Ionov, Vera Evgenievna Davydkina, N. A. Fursova, E. Serba
The development of a comprehensive end-to-end technology of processing berries for juice and the resulting berry cake into food ingredients with increased biological value is an urgent scientific task and requires comprehensive research. The relevance of the use of common cranberry cake as a vegetable raw material for the production of food ingredients is due to its rich chemical composition, cheapness of the raw material base used to isolate valuable biologically active substances, since cranberry cake is a multi-tonnage waste of technological processes in juice production. Biocatalytic treatment of cranberry cake was carried out with the following enzymatic system - pectinase 0.25 units. Pcs/g, cellulase 0.75 units. Cs/g, protease 0.05 units. PS/g, lipase 0.05 units. LS/g., at hydromodules 1:1 and 1:2 at 50ºC and pH 4.8. As a result of studies obtained fermentolysate cake lingonberry at 2-hour hydrolysis with selected enzyme complex at pH 4.8 and 500C, which is a liquid of dark red color with a strong smell of cranberry, sour taste, dry substance content 5,0%,, the content of phenolic substances 470 mg/cm3 and antioxidant activity 912.7 mg%. Fermentolysate contains a complex of anthocyanins, presumably such as cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin-3-galactoside, peonidin-3-arabinoside. The experimental data obtained testify to the prospects of creating food ingredients enriched with biologically valuable substances of berry raw materials contained in the fermentolysate of cranberry cake intended to compensate nutrient deficiencies in nutrition and expand the range of fast cooking products.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF A COMPLEX OF ENZYMES FOR PROCESSING OF COMMON LINGONBERRY CAKE INTO A FOOD INGREDIENT","authors":"Galina Sergeevna Volkova, Elena Nikolaevna Sokolova, Vladislav Vitalievich Ionov, Vera Evgenievna Davydkina, N. A. Fursova, E. Serba","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112766","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a comprehensive end-to-end technology of processing berries for juice and the resulting berry cake into food ingredients with increased biological value is an urgent scientific task and requires comprehensive research. The relevance of the use of common cranberry cake as a vegetable raw material for the production of food ingredients is due to its rich chemical composition, cheapness of the raw material base used to isolate valuable biologically active substances, since cranberry cake is a multi-tonnage waste of technological processes in juice production. Biocatalytic treatment of cranberry cake was carried out with the following enzymatic system - pectinase 0.25 units. Pcs/g, cellulase 0.75 units. Cs/g, protease 0.05 units. PS/g, lipase 0.05 units. LS/g., at hydromodules 1:1 and 1:2 at 50ºC and pH 4.8. As a result of studies obtained fermentolysate cake lingonberry at 2-hour hydrolysis with selected enzyme complex at pH 4.8 and 500C, which is a liquid of dark red color with a strong smell of cranberry, sour taste, dry substance content 5,0%,, the content of phenolic substances 470 mg/cm3 and antioxidant activity 912.7 mg%. Fermentolysate contains a complex of anthocyanins, presumably such as cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin-3-galactoside, peonidin-3-arabinoside. The experimental data obtained testify to the prospects of creating food ingredients enriched with biologically valuable substances of berry raw materials contained in the fermentolysate of cranberry cake intended to compensate nutrient deficiencies in nutrition and expand the range of fast cooking products.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of the development of optimal parameters for the extraction process of polysaccharides isolated from the shells of horse chestnut fruits collected on the territory of Tashkent and the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan are presented. To identify the optimal indicators affecting the extraction processes, the influence of the following parameters on the yield of polysaccharides was studied: the ratio of raw materials: extractant, the extraction rate, the extraction temperature, the degree of evaporation. It has been established that at ratios of raw materials : extractant of 1 : 30, the highest yield of the final product is observed leads to a significant increase in the yield of the final product. The influence of the temperature regime on the yield of polysaccharides was carried out in the temperature range from 25 to 120 °С. At the same time, under constant conditions of the bath modulus of 1 : 30 and the duration of extraction of 2 hours with varying temperature, the highest yield of polysaccharides is observed at a temperature of 95 °С. The optimal degree of evaporation of the extract, in which no large losses of the final product are observed, is the degree of evaporation by 4 times. To assess the influence of technological parameters on the change in qualitative or quantitative indicators of the quality of PS, a one-way analysis of variance was studied for each experiment. Analysis of variance showed the significance of the Fisher criterion, since the p-value is less than 0.05, therefore, the influence of the studied parameters on the yield of polysaccharides can be considered proven. Keywords: extraction, aqueous fraction, extractant, analysis of variance.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXTRACTION PROCESS OF HORSE CHESTNUT (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.) POLYSACCHARIDES","authors":"Albina Vasilievna Filatova, A. Turaev, Jalol Turgunbaevich Jurabaev, Луиза Бахтияровна Азимова","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112503","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the development of optimal parameters for the extraction process of polysaccharides isolated from the shells of horse chestnut fruits collected on the territory of Tashkent and the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan are presented. To identify the optimal indicators affecting the extraction processes, the influence of the following parameters on the yield of polysaccharides was studied: the ratio of raw materials: extractant, the extraction rate, the extraction temperature, the degree of evaporation. It has been established that at ratios of raw materials : extractant of 1 : 30, the highest yield of the final product is observed leads to a significant increase in the yield of the final product. The influence of the temperature regime on the yield of polysaccharides was carried out in the temperature range from 25 to 120 °С. At the same time, under constant conditions of the bath modulus of 1 : 30 and the duration of extraction of 2 hours with varying temperature, the highest yield of polysaccharides is observed at a temperature of 95 °С. The optimal degree of evaporation of the extract, in which no large losses of the final product are observed, is the degree of evaporation by 4 times. To assess the influence of technological parameters on the change in qualitative or quantitative indicators of the quality of PS, a one-way analysis of variance was studied for each experiment. Analysis of variance showed the significance of the Fisher criterion, since the p-value is less than 0.05, therefore, the influence of the studied parameters on the yield of polysaccharides can be considered proven. Keywords: extraction, aqueous fraction, extractant, analysis of variance.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112501
A. A. Reut, L. Beksheneva
Plants of the genus Iris L. are promising medicinal raw materials with significant biological and pharmacological activity. The quality of plant raw materials depends on the accumulation and distribution of potentially hazardous chemical elements in the plant body. The aim of this work was a comparative study of the accumulation and transfer of elements through the organs of plants of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae). The content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb in different parts of I. orientalis, I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica and I. spuria plants was analyzed by atomic absorption. It has been established that in the absence of soil pollution, irises accumulate arsenic in concentrations exceeding the maximum allowable. The accumulation of chromium in the raw material was also above the maximum allowable concentration for a number of study options. The efficiency of element transfer from the soil to the root system varied significantly (bioaccumulation factor 0.2–4.4). Iris rhizomes absorbed nickel most actively. The assimilation ability of the roots is also clearly expressed in relation to Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Mn. Depending on the element, accumulation in leaves is species-specific. The carrying capacity of the peduncle is most pronounced in I. sibirica, the barrier capacity is most pronounced in I. orientalis. Various types of translocation of elements in organs were revealed: acropetal, uniform, basipetal. All studied species are characterized by acropetal distribution of Pb (translocation factor >1) and uniform distribution of Mn. The location of Cd may vary depending on the species. Cu is concentrated in the roots (I. orientalis, I. sibirica, I. spuria) or evenly distributed (I. pseudacorus). The revealed patterns of accumulation and distribution of elements in the organs of plants of the genus Iris make it possible to carry out a prognostic assessment of the quality of raw materials to obtain safe products.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF ORGANS OF PROMISING SPECIES OF THE GENUS IRIS L. (IRIDACEAE)","authors":"A. A. Reut, L. Beksheneva","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112501","url":null,"abstract":"Plants of the genus Iris L. are promising medicinal raw materials with significant biological and pharmacological activity. The quality of plant raw materials depends on the accumulation and distribution of potentially hazardous chemical elements in the plant body. The aim of this work was a comparative study of the accumulation and transfer of elements through the organs of plants of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae). The content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb in different parts of I. orientalis, I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica and I. spuria plants was analyzed by atomic absorption. It has been established that in the absence of soil pollution, irises accumulate arsenic in concentrations exceeding the maximum allowable. The accumulation of chromium in the raw material was also above the maximum allowable concentration for a number of study options. The efficiency of element transfer from the soil to the root system varied significantly (bioaccumulation factor 0.2–4.4). Iris rhizomes absorbed nickel most actively. The assimilation ability of the roots is also clearly expressed in relation to Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Mn. Depending on the element, accumulation in leaves is species-specific. The carrying capacity of the peduncle is most pronounced in I. sibirica, the barrier capacity is most pronounced in I. orientalis. Various types of translocation of elements in organs were revealed: acropetal, uniform, basipetal. All studied species are characterized by acropetal distribution of Pb (translocation factor >1) and uniform distribution of Mn. The location of Cd may vary depending on the species. Cu is concentrated in the roots (I. orientalis, I. sibirica, I. spuria) or evenly distributed (I. pseudacorus). The revealed patterns of accumulation and distribution of elements in the organs of plants of the genus Iris make it possible to carry out a prognostic assessment of the quality of raw materials to obtain safe products.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112643
Natalya Viktorovna Zagoskina, M. Sinetova, P. V. Lapshin, Dmitry Anatolyevich Los
The content and composition of phenolic compounds in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 GT-L and Desertifilum tharense were studied for the first time. A spectrophotometric method was used to determine the phenolic compounds content, thin-layer chromatography and UV spectrometry to study their composition. A higher accumulation of these secondary metabolites was found in Synechocystis sp., which was almost twice as high as that in Desertifilum tharense. In both cases, the higher content of phenolic compounds was observed in the linear phase of cyanobacteria growth (3 days). Synechocystis sp. and Desertifilum tharense characterized by the formation of phenolics (4 and 7 compounds, respectively), which contain p-oxybenzoic or p-coumaric acids – the initial stages’metabolites of the phenolic compounds biogenesis.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF THE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND COMPOSITION IN SYNECHOCYSTIS SP. AND DESERTIFILUM THARENSE","authors":"Natalya Viktorovna Zagoskina, M. Sinetova, P. V. Lapshin, Dmitry Anatolyevich Los","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112643","url":null,"abstract":"The content and composition of phenolic compounds in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 GT-L and Desertifilum tharense were studied for the first time. A spectrophotometric method was used to determine the phenolic compounds content, thin-layer chromatography and UV spectrometry to study their composition. A higher accumulation of these secondary metabolites was found in Synechocystis sp., which was almost twice as high as that in Desertifilum tharense. In both cases, the higher content of phenolic compounds was observed in the linear phase of cyanobacteria growth (3 days). Synechocystis sp. and Desertifilum tharense characterized by the formation of phenolics (4 and 7 compounds, respectively), which contain p-oxybenzoic or p-coumaric acids – the initial stages’metabolites of the phenolic compounds biogenesis.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"172 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20240112977
Irina Georgievna Boyarskikh, V. A. Kostikova
Comparative analysis of the variability of quantitative indicators of the individual-group composition of biologically active phenolic compounds in leaf extracts of the resource species L. caerulea subsp. altaica (Caprifoliaceae Juss.) was carried out. Sampling for the study was carried out in the cenopopulations of the Altai Mountains in the valley of the Multa River, in the altitudinal gradient. Eighteen polyphenols were identified by high performance liquid chromatography in extracts from the leaves of L. caerulea subsp. altaica. Luteolin-7-glucoside is the main component among them. The content of individual classes of phenolic compounds in extracts from the leaves of L. caerulea subsp. altaica in the altitude profile varied significantly: hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives – 3.3-4.8 mg/g, flavonols – 6.6-12.1 mg/g, flavones – 13.6-29.6 mg/g. A significant increase in the total content of polyphenols and luteolin-7-glucoside in extracts from the leaves of L. caerulea subsp. altaica was noted above and below the limits of the optimum distribution of this plant in the vertical gradient. Positive statistically significant correlations of flavones and the total content of phenolic compounds with the height of plant growth are established within 1200–1850 meters above sea level. The content of flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids, on the contrary, decreased with increasing altitude.
{"title":"ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНО-ГРУППОВОГО СОСТАВА ПОЛИФЕНОЛОВ В ЛИСТЬЯХ РАСТЕНИЙ LONICERA CAERULEA SUBSP. ALTAICA (CAPRIFOLIACEAE) В ВЫСОТНОМ ГРАДИЕНТЕ","authors":"Irina Georgievna Boyarskikh, V. A. Kostikova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20240112977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240112977","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative analysis of the variability of quantitative indicators of the individual-group composition of biologically active phenolic compounds in leaf extracts of the resource species L. caerulea subsp. altaica (Caprifoliaceae Juss.) was carried out. Sampling for the study was carried out in the cenopopulations of the Altai Mountains in the valley of the Multa River, in the altitudinal gradient. Eighteen polyphenols were identified by high performance liquid chromatography in extracts from the leaves of L. caerulea subsp. altaica. Luteolin-7-glucoside is the main component among them. The content of individual classes of phenolic compounds in extracts from the leaves of L. caerulea subsp. altaica in the altitude profile varied significantly: hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives – 3.3-4.8 mg/g, flavonols – 6.6-12.1 mg/g, flavones – 13.6-29.6 mg/g. A significant increase in the total content of polyphenols and luteolin-7-glucoside in extracts from the leaves of L. caerulea subsp. altaica was noted above and below the limits of the optimum distribution of this plant in the vertical gradient. Positive statistically significant correlations of flavones and the total content of phenolic compounds with the height of plant growth are established within 1200–1850 meters above sea level. The content of flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids, on the contrary, decreased with increasing altitude.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"57 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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