Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20230311701
N. T. Farmanova, Dilobar Khamid kizi Nurullaeva, Elena Vladimirovna Zhokhova, Roman Igorevich Lukashov, Mariya Nikolayevna Povydysh
In modern medical practice, a special place is occupied by herbal mixtures, the range of which is constantly increasing, and the list of indications for use is expanding. However, there are a number of inconveniences for patients when using them: the presence of an additional technological stage for obtaining an aqueous extract; lack of accuracy when dosing this form and a short shelf life at home. All this makes the search for new, more rational dosage forms based on fees relevant. Such dosage forms include dry extracts, which are obtained on an industrial scale. This type of total preparations can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of finished dosage forms (tablets, capsules, etc.), which are easy to use, well dosed and have a long shelf life. Purpose: development of technology for obtaining dry extracts from herbal mixtures - urological, nephrolytic and hypoglycemic. Materials and methods. Based on the use of medicinal plants in folk and scientific medicine, various compositions of herbal mixtures have been developed. On the basis of pharmacological screening, the most effective formulations were selected, which were chosen as objects of study: "Urological collection"; "Nephrolytic collection"; "Hypoglycemic collection". When obtaining dry extracts, the methods of maceration and repercolation were used. The quality of the obtained extracts was assessed according to the following indicators: appearance, authenticity, moisture content, heavy metals, microbiological purity, quantitative content of biologically active substances (polyphenolic compounds and polysaccharides). The technological parameters of the studied phytocompositions have been established. The optimal extraction conditions were determined: raw material fineness – 2–3 mm, extractants: 50% ethyl alcohol (“Urological”) and purified water (“Hypoglycemic” and “Nephrolytic”), the optimal ratio of raw materials and extractant is 1 : 30, temperature – 70–80 °С ("Urological" and "Nephrolytic") and 90–100 °С ("Hypoglycemic"). The optimal method for obtaining dry extracts from herbal mixtures, maceration, was experimentally selected. A technology for obtaining dry extracts from herbal mixtures has been developed, in particular, the influence of extraction conditions depending on temperature, the degree of grinding of raw materials, the type of extractant, the ratio of raw materials and extractant has been studied.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING DRY EXTRACTS FROM HERBAL MIXTURES","authors":"N. T. Farmanova, Dilobar Khamid kizi Nurullaeva, Elena Vladimirovna Zhokhova, Roman Igorevich Lukashov, Mariya Nikolayevna Povydysh","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230311701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230311701","url":null,"abstract":"In modern medical practice, a special place is occupied by herbal mixtures, the range of which is constantly increasing, and the list of indications for use is expanding. However, there are a number of inconveniences for patients when using them: the presence of an additional technological stage for obtaining an aqueous extract; lack of accuracy when dosing this form and a short shelf life at home. All this makes the search for new, more rational dosage forms based on fees relevant. Such dosage forms include dry extracts, which are obtained on an industrial scale. This type of total preparations can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of finished dosage forms (tablets, capsules, etc.), which are easy to use, well dosed and have a long shelf life. Purpose: development of technology for obtaining dry extracts from herbal mixtures - urological, nephrolytic and hypoglycemic. Materials and methods. Based on the use of medicinal plants in folk and scientific medicine, various compositions of herbal mixtures have been developed. On the basis of pharmacological screening, the most effective formulations were selected, which were chosen as objects of study: \"Urological collection\"; \"Nephrolytic collection\"; \"Hypoglycemic collection\". When obtaining dry extracts, the methods of maceration and repercolation were used. The quality of the obtained extracts was assessed according to the following indicators: appearance, authenticity, moisture content, heavy metals, microbiological purity, quantitative content of biologically active substances (polyphenolic compounds and polysaccharides). The technological parameters of the studied phytocompositions have been established. The optimal extraction conditions were determined: raw material fineness – 2–3 mm, extractants: 50% ethyl alcohol (“Urological”) and purified water (“Hypoglycemic” and “Nephrolytic”), the optimal ratio of raw materials and extractant is 1 : 30, temperature – 70–80 °С (\"Urological\" and \"Nephrolytic\") and 90–100 °С (\"Hypoglycemic\"). The optimal method for obtaining dry extracts from herbal mixtures, maceration, was experimentally selected. A technology for obtaining dry extracts from herbal mixtures has been developed, in particular, the influence of extraction conditions depending on temperature, the degree of grinding of raw materials, the type of extractant, the ratio of raw materials and extractant has been studied.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20230312150
S. Volodina, E. V. Nekrasova, Loan Vu Thi, Aleksandra Yur'yevna Ochagova, Oksana Vladimirovna Topkova, Vladimir Vital'yevich Volodin
A comparative phytochemical study of selected species of the genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) (V. agnus-castus, V. canescens, V. negundo, V. tripinnata) from the flora of Russia and Vietnam out was carried. The largest amount of extractive compounds was obtained from the leaves of V. agnus-castus when extracted with 60 % ethanol. Color reactions with Trim Hill and Stahl reagents, as well as thin-layer chromatography data, showed a high content of iridoids in extracts of leaves of V. agnus-castus and V. negundo and their low content (or absence) in V. tripinnata and V. canescens leaf extracts. The greatest amount of polyphenols and flavonoids is contained in the extract of the leaves of V. agnus-castus. The smaller amount of polyphenols is found in the leaves of V. canescens, and least amount of flavonoids is found in the leaves of V. tripinnata. All Vitex samples studied are characterized by an increased content of essential trace elements – iron, copper and zinc, and the leaves of V. tripinnata are also high in cobalt. High antiradical activity of all leaf samples of Vitex species was established. The relationship between the content of secondary metabolites and the position of species on the molecular phylogenetic tree of the genus Vitex is shown, which makes it possible to develop a chemotaxonomic forecast for search species of this genus with an increased content of biologically active compounds of a certain class (iridoids, polyphenols, phytoecdysteroids) for further pharmacological studies.
研究人员对俄罗斯和越南植物区系中荆芥属（腊梅科）的部分物种（V. agnus-castus、V. canescens、V. negundo、V. tripinnata）进行了植物化学比较研究。用 60% 的乙醇萃取时，葡萄叶中的萃取化合物含量最高。用 Trim Hill 试剂和 Stahl 试剂进行的颜色反应以及薄层色谱法数据显示，鸢尾属植物的叶片提取物中鸢尾酮的含量较高，而 V. tripinnata 和 V. canescens 的叶片提取物中鸢尾酮的含量较低（或没有）。鹅掌楸叶提取物中的多酚和类黄酮含量最高。蔓荆子叶中的多酚含量较少，而三尖杉叶中的类黄酮含量最少。所研究的所有荆芥样本的特点都是必需微量元素--铁、铜和锌的含量增加，三叶荆芥叶片中的钴含量也很高。所有荆芥叶片样本都具有很高的抗自由基活性。次生代谢物的含量与物种在荆属分子系统树上的位置之间的关系显示出来，这使得我们有可能制定化学分类学预测，以寻找生物活性化合物（虹苷类、多酚类、植物蜕皮甾类）含量较高的荆属物种，进行进一步的药理学研究。
{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF PLANTS OF THE GENUS VITEX L. (LAMIACEAE)","authors":"S. Volodina, E. V. Nekrasova, Loan Vu Thi, Aleksandra Yur'yevna Ochagova, Oksana Vladimirovna Topkova, Vladimir Vital'yevich Volodin","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230312150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230312150","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative phytochemical study of selected species of the genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) (V. agnus-castus, V. canescens, V. negundo, V. tripinnata) from the flora of Russia and Vietnam out was carried. The largest amount of extractive compounds was obtained from the leaves of V. agnus-castus when extracted with 60 % ethanol. Color reactions with Trim Hill and Stahl reagents, as well as thin-layer chromatography data, showed a high content of iridoids in extracts of leaves of V. agnus-castus and V. negundo and their low content (or absence) in V. tripinnata and V. canescens leaf extracts. The greatest amount of polyphenols and flavonoids is contained in the extract of the leaves of V. agnus-castus. The smaller amount of polyphenols is found in the leaves of V. canescens, and least amount of flavonoids is found in the leaves of V. tripinnata. All Vitex samples studied are characterized by an increased content of essential trace elements – iron, copper and zinc, and the leaves of V. tripinnata are also high in cobalt. High antiradical activity of all leaf samples of Vitex species was established. The relationship between the content of secondary metabolites and the position of species on the molecular phylogenetic tree of the genus Vitex is shown, which makes it possible to develop a chemotaxonomic forecast for search species of this genus with an increased content of biologically active compounds of a certain class (iridoids, polyphenols, phytoecdysteroids) for further pharmacological studies.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the study of the rheological properties of the chitin-glucan complex (CGC) in aqueous solutions of hydrochloric and acetic acids. The CGC sample was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the Armillaria mellea, biotechnologically obtained from an easily renewable plant material. The flow of solutions of chitin-glucan complex with a concentration of 1, 5, 10% (wt.) in hydrochloric acid and 1, 3, 5% (wt.) in acetic acid was studied by the method of rotational viscometry in the range from 10 s-1 to 1000 s-1 at temperatures from 20°C to 50°C. The values of the rheological coefficients of the Ostwald equation are determined. The phenomena of non-Newtonian viscosity anomalies are established. The high viscosity of solutions may be due to the presence of an internal supramolecular structure in solutions of the chitin-glucan complex. The predominantly pseudoplastic nature of the rheological behavior of the studied solutions is shown. The flow index in this case varies from 0,18 to 0,79 for solutions of the chitin-glucan complex in hydrochloric acid and from 0,01 to 0,47 in solutions of acetic acid with a concentration of 3 to 5% (wt.). The pseudoplastic flow mechanism of such solutions can be explained by the destruction of the internal structure of the solution with an increase in shear loads. The dilatant nature of the flow of CGC solutions in acetic acid at a concentration of 1% (wt.) at a shear rate of 10 to 100 s-1 was also revealed. The flow index in this case ranges from 1,28 to 1,57. The dilatant nature of the flow may be due to the predominance of the processes of formation of a new internal structure in solution over the destruction of the existing structure in solution at a low concentration of the chitin-glucan complex. The influence of temperature on the rheological behavior of solutions is strongly distorted by the influence of other factors.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS OF THE CHITIN-GLUCAN COM-PLEX FROM THE FRUIT BODIES OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA IN ACETIC AND HYDROGENIC ACID","authors":"D. Minakov, Dmitriy Viktorovich Chashchilov, Anastasiya Aleksandrovna Minakova, Vadim Ivanovich Markin","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230312963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230312963","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the rheological properties of the chitin-glucan complex (CGC) in aqueous solutions of hydrochloric and acetic acids. The CGC sample was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the Armillaria mellea, biotechnologically obtained from an easily renewable plant material. The flow of solutions of chitin-glucan complex with a concentration of 1, 5, 10% (wt.) in hydrochloric acid and 1, 3, 5% (wt.) in acetic acid was studied by the method of rotational viscometry in the range from 10 s-1 to 1000 s-1 at temperatures from 20°C to 50°C. The values of the rheological coefficients of the Ostwald equation are determined. The phenomena of non-Newtonian viscosity anomalies are established. The high viscosity of solutions may be due to the presence of an internal supramolecular structure in solutions of the chitin-glucan complex. The predominantly pseudoplastic nature of the rheological behavior of the studied solutions is shown. The flow index in this case varies from 0,18 to 0,79 for solutions of the chitin-glucan complex in hydrochloric acid and from 0,01 to 0,47 in solutions of acetic acid with a concentration of 3 to 5% (wt.). The pseudoplastic flow mechanism of such solutions can be explained by the destruction of the internal structure of the solution with an increase in shear loads. The dilatant nature of the flow of CGC solutions in acetic acid at a concentration of 1% (wt.) at a shear rate of 10 to 100 s-1 was also revealed. The flow index in this case ranges from 1,28 to 1,57. The dilatant nature of the flow may be due to the predominance of the processes of formation of a new internal structure in solution over the destruction of the existing structure in solution at a low concentration of the chitin-glucan complex. The influence of temperature on the rheological behavior of solutions is strongly distorted by the influence of other factors.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20230312189
V. A. Kurkin, A. Saveleva, A. Kurkina, Polina Valeriyevna Trifonova
The arial parts of the spreading marigold (Tagetes patula L.) of the Asteraceae family is a promising source of biologically active compounds, including flavonoids. It is known, that the content of total flavonoids in the flowers of this plant reaches 9% (calculated on patulitrin), and in the aboveground part (leaves and stems) – about 3.0% (calculated on rutin), however, data on the component composition of flavonoids are contradictory. The aim of the study is to study the flavonoid component composition of the arial p part of the rejected marigolds. As a result of studies using column chromatography on silica gel L 40/100, 6-methoxykaempferol (2), 7-O-glucoside of methoxykaempferol (3), quercetin (6), patuletin (7) and patulitrin (7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of patuletin) (12) were isolated for the first time from the flowers of Tagetes patula L. (Mandarin variety), and from the arial parts (leaves and stems) of this species - kaempferitrin (3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of kaempferol) (4), 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of kaempferol (5), quercetin (6), patuletin (7), 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of quercetin (8), 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of quercetin (9), quercitrin (10), isoquercitrin (11). Interestingly, that the common components of the herbs (leaves and stems) and flowers are only two flavonoids – quercetin (6) and patuletin (7). As for patulitrin (7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of 3,5,7,3’,4’-pentahydroxy-6-methoxyflavone, or patuletin) (12), which is the dominant flavonoid of the flowers of this plant, this component is not found in the herbs of this plant. It was determined, that glycosides of kaempferol (1) and quercetin (6) predominate in the herb of the Tagetes patula L. with the dominant flavonoid being 3,7-O-dirhamnoside of kaempferol (4). The identification of the isolated flavonoids was carried out using UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, as well as the results of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of kaempferol (5) and 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of quercetin (8), isolated from the herb of the Tagetes patula L., are new natural compounds.
{"title":"FLAVONOIDS OF AERIAL PARTS OF SPREADING MARIGOLD (TAGETES PATULA L.)","authors":"V. A. Kurkin, A. Saveleva, A. Kurkina, Polina Valeriyevna Trifonova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230312189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230312189","url":null,"abstract":"The arial parts of the spreading marigold (Tagetes patula L.) of the Asteraceae family is a promising source of biologically active compounds, including flavonoids. It is known, that the content of total flavonoids in the flowers of this plant reaches 9% (calculated on patulitrin), and in the aboveground part (leaves and stems) – about 3.0% (calculated on rutin), however, data on the component composition of flavonoids are contradictory. The aim of the study is to study the flavonoid component composition of the arial p part of the rejected marigolds. As a result of studies using column chromatography on silica gel L 40/100, 6-methoxykaempferol (2), 7-O-glucoside of methoxykaempferol (3), quercetin (6), patuletin (7) and patulitrin (7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of patuletin) (12) were isolated for the first time from the flowers of Tagetes patula L. (Mandarin variety), and from the arial parts (leaves and stems) of this species - kaempferitrin (3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of kaempferol) (4), 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of kaempferol (5), quercetin (6), patuletin (7), 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of quercetin (8), 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of quercetin (9), quercitrin (10), isoquercitrin (11). Interestingly, that the common components of the herbs (leaves and stems) and flowers are only two flavonoids – quercetin (6) and patuletin (7). As for patulitrin (7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of 3,5,7,3’,4’-pentahydroxy-6-methoxyflavone, or patuletin) (12), which is the dominant flavonoid of the flowers of this plant, this component is not found in the herbs of this plant. It was determined, that glycosides of kaempferol (1) and quercetin (6) predominate in the herb of the Tagetes patula L. with the dominant flavonoid being 3,7-O-dirhamnoside of kaempferol (4). The identification of the isolated flavonoids was carried out using UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, as well as the results of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of kaempferol (5) and 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside of quercetin (8), isolated from the herb of the Tagetes patula L., are new natural compounds.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of the study of the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by the powder of the leaves of fruit trees and berry bushes are presented. The adsorption capacity was determined by the method developed for activated carbon. The suitability of the spectrophotometric analysis method for determining the adsorption capacity of leaf powder was confirmed by the results of linearity and repeatability assessment. The applicability of the Langmuir, Freundlich and BET models to describe experimental adsorption isotherms of methylene blue on a powder mixture of leaves with a particle size of 0.25 mm is analyzed. By comparing the correlation coefficients, it is shown that the Langmuir and BET model describe experimental data on dye adsorption on powder better than the Freundlich model. The values of adsorption constants for the Langmuir model (KL=1.17 l/mmol) and BET (KBET=319.75 g/mmol) were obtained using the graphical method. Among the studied fruit trees, cherry leaf powder had the greatest adsorption capacity (0.532±0.017 mmol/g), among berry bushes – aronia, blackcurrant and gooseberry leaf powder (0.529±0.002; 0.472±0.011 and 0.479±0.004 mmol/g). Based on a comparative assessment of the results obtained with the value of the adsorption capacity of activated carbon (0.704 mmol/g), a conclusion was made about the suitability of the powder of the leaves of fruit trees and berry bushes for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions.
本文介绍了果树和浆果树叶粉末对水溶液中亚甲蓝的吸附研究结果。吸附能力是用为活性炭开发的方法测定的。线性和重复性评估结果证实了分光光度分析法适用于测定叶粉的吸附能力。分析了 Langmuir、Freundlich 和 BET 模型在描述粒径为 0.25 毫米的叶粉混合物上亚甲基蓝实验吸附等温线时的适用性。通过比较相关系数，结果表明 Langmuir 和 BET 模型比 Freundlich 模型能更好地描述染料在粉末上的吸附实验数据。利用图解法得出了 Langmuir 模型（KL=1.17 升/毫摩尔）和 BET 模型（KBET=319.75 克/毫摩尔）的吸附常数值。在所研究的果树中，樱桃叶粉的吸附容量最大（0.532±0.017 mmol/g），而在浆果灌木--秋海棠、黑醋栗和醋栗叶粉中，樱桃叶粉的吸附容量分别为（0.529±0.002；0.472±0.011 和 0.479±0.004 mmol/g）。根据对所得结果与活性炭吸附容量值（0.704 mmol/g）的比较评估，得出了果树和浆果树叶粉末适合从水溶液中去除亚甲基蓝的结论。
{"title":"ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF LEAF POWDER OF FRUIT TREES AND BERRY BUSHES ACCORDING TO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY DATA","authors":"Evgenia Vladimirovna Tovstik, Andrey Vital'yevich Zakharov","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230311992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230311992","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the study of the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by the powder of the leaves of fruit trees and berry bushes are presented. The adsorption capacity was determined by the method developed for activated carbon. The suitability of the spectrophotometric analysis method for determining the adsorption capacity of leaf powder was confirmed by the results of linearity and repeatability assessment. The applicability of the Langmuir, Freundlich and BET models to describe experimental adsorption isotherms of methylene blue on a powder mixture of leaves with a particle size of 0.25 mm is analyzed. By comparing the correlation coefficients, it is shown that the Langmuir and BET model describe experimental data on dye adsorption on powder better than the Freundlich model. The values of adsorption constants for the Langmuir model (KL=1.17 l/mmol) and BET (KBET=319.75 g/mmol) were obtained using the graphical method. Among the studied fruit trees, cherry leaf powder had the greatest adsorption capacity (0.532±0.017 mmol/g), among berry bushes – aronia, blackcurrant and gooseberry leaf powder (0.529±0.002; 0.472±0.011 and 0.479±0.004 mmol/g). Based on a comparative assessment of the results obtained with the value of the adsorption capacity of activated carbon (0.704 mmol/g), a conclusion was made about the suitability of the powder of the leaves of fruit trees and berry bushes for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The processes studied of sedimentation and purification of the number of iridoids from the processing waste of the aerial part of Ajuga turkestanica Regel. Brig. (Turkestan tenacious). Based on the results of the research, it was found that for the effective precipitation of iridoids, the ethanol extract from the aerial part of the Turkestan tenacious is concentrated, diluted with water, treated successively with extraction gasoline and ethyl acetate, from the purified solution iridoids and ecdysteroids, are extracted with n-butanol, then the n-butanol extract is concentrated to 1/10 of the initial volume, after which the iridoids are precipitated, by pouring acetone in a volume ratio of n-butanol-acetone 1 : 5, the precipitate is separated and dried. To clean accompanying substances, the dried amount of iridoids is dissolved in ethyl alcohol and re-precipitated by pouring ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of ethyl alcohol-ethyl acetate 1 : 5. Experiments were carried out on the selection of the type of drying apparatus and the establishment of optimal drying conditions. It was revealed that drying the sum of iridoids from the aerial part of the Turkestan tenacious in the "ZPG 150" spray dryer is more optimal than drying in a drying cupboard (vacuum and without vacuum) and an infrared drying cupboard. At the same time, for drying in the "ZPG 150" spray dryer, the dried aqueous solution of iridoids must be prepared as follows: after the second precipitation, the sum of iridoids is dissolved with water until about 7% of the dry residue in the solution is formed and, with the aim of removing residual organic solvents, the aqueous solution of iridoids is concentrated to the content of not more than 15% and not less than 10% of the dry residue. It has been established that to obtain a finished product that is stable in yield and quality, drying an aqueous solution of iridoids in a spray dryer "ZPG 150" must be carried out implemented at a temperature coolant at the inlet 170 °С, at an outlet of 80 °C and a solution feed rate of 80 l/h, spray head rotation speed 8000 rpm and coolant speed 2200 kg/h. Technology has been developed for the production of the substance of iridoids from the waste products of the production of ekdisten from the aerial part of Turkestan tenacious, which allows the rational use of plant raw materials. Approbation of the developed technology showed that the yield of the target product is 1.5% by weight of the raw material.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING THE SUM OF IRIDOIDS FROM THE WASTE PROCESSING THE AERIAL PART OF AJUGA TURKESTANICA","authors":"Akhmatkhon Umarkhanovich Mamatkhanov, Temurbek Atakhanovich Khajibaev, Ravshanzhon Muratdzhanovich Khalilov","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230311829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230311829","url":null,"abstract":"The processes studied of sedimentation and purification of the number of iridoids from the processing waste of the aerial part of Ajuga turkestanica Regel. Brig. (Turkestan tenacious). Based on the results of the research, it was found that for the effective precipitation of iridoids, the ethanol extract from the aerial part of the Turkestan tenacious is concentrated, diluted with water, treated successively with extraction gasoline and ethyl acetate, from the purified solution iridoids and ecdysteroids, are extracted with n-butanol, then the n-butanol extract is concentrated to 1/10 of the initial volume, after which the iridoids are precipitated, by pouring acetone in a volume ratio of n-butanol-acetone 1 : 5, the precipitate is separated and dried. To clean accompanying substances, the dried amount of iridoids is dissolved in ethyl alcohol and re-precipitated by pouring ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of ethyl alcohol-ethyl acetate 1 : 5. Experiments were carried out on the selection of the type of drying apparatus and the establishment of optimal drying conditions. It was revealed that drying the sum of iridoids from the aerial part of the Turkestan tenacious in the \"ZPG 150\" spray dryer is more optimal than drying in a drying cupboard (vacuum and without vacuum) and an infrared drying cupboard. At the same time, for drying in the \"ZPG 150\" spray dryer, the dried aqueous solution of iridoids must be prepared as follows: after the second precipitation, the sum of iridoids is dissolved with water until about 7% of the dry residue in the solution is formed and, with the aim of removing residual organic solvents, the aqueous solution of iridoids is concentrated to the content of not more than 15% and not less than 10% of the dry residue. It has been established that to obtain a finished product that is stable in yield and quality, drying an aqueous solution of iridoids in a spray dryer \"ZPG 150\" must be carried out implemented at a temperature coolant at the inlet 170 °С, at an outlet of 80 °C and a solution feed rate of 80 l/h, spray head rotation speed 8000 rpm and coolant speed 2200 kg/h. Technology has been developed for the production of the substance of iridoids from the waste products of the production of ekdisten from the aerial part of Turkestan tenacious, which allows the rational use of plant raw materials. Approbation of the developed technology showed that the yield of the target product is 1.5% by weight of the raw material.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20230312550
Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Zhdanov, Tat'yana Konstantinovna Ryazanova, V. A. Kurkin, A. Kurkina, V. B. Braslavsky
Due to its rich chemical composition including unique biologically active compounds the gold root (Rhodiola rosea L.) is still of interest to researchers all over the world. However, deficiency of the raw material base and metabolome variability are determination the modern development ways of pharmacologically active substances in vitro obtaining. The article summarizes and systematizes the information about of Rhodiola rosea biologically active compounds obtaining, which are most often obtaining from callus tissues. Callus tissue is usually obtaining from leaf explants, and Murashige and Skoog medium with plant growth regulators in various combinations and concentrations is most commonly used for its induction. At the same time, the tissue growth efficiency and target compounds accumulation depends on the intact plant genotype, the precursors presence of these compounds in the medium, elicitors, as well as external influence factors. Recently, a promising direction is the transgenic hairy roots cultivation, which reveals new aspects of synthesis, accumulation and secondary metabolites production regulation. Biosynthesis genetic regulation of significant secondary metabolites is also a promising direction. Numerous studies have demonstrated that salidroside biosynthesis depends on the expression of the TyrDC gene encoding tyrosinedecarboxylase. Consequently, understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms opens up opportunities for its regulation and metabolic engineering. In this regard, biotechnological methods may be a priority to obtaining salidroside, rosin and their derivatives at higher or at least comparable levels with wild type or cultivated plants. Among the various biotechnological strategies used to increase the accumulation of salidroside and glycosides of cinnamic alcohol in cells and cultures of Rhodiola organs, the approach with the addition of the metabolic precursors to the nutrient medium proved to be the most effective. In vitro cultures, a significant increase in the production of rosin and its derivatives was observed when precursors (cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid and cinnamic aldehyde) were added to the medium.
{"title":"THE OBTAINING RHODIOLA ROSEA L. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS (OVERVIEW)","authors":"Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Zhdanov, Tat'yana Konstantinovna Ryazanova, V. A. Kurkin, A. Kurkina, V. B. Braslavsky","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230312550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230312550","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its rich chemical composition including unique biologically active compounds the gold root (Rhodiola rosea L.) is still of interest to researchers all over the world. However, deficiency of the raw material base and metabolome variability are determination the modern development ways of pharmacologically active substances in vitro obtaining. The article summarizes and systematizes the information about of Rhodiola rosea biologically active compounds obtaining, which are most often obtaining from callus tissues. Callus tissue is usually obtaining from leaf explants, and Murashige and Skoog medium with plant growth regulators in various combinations and concentrations is most commonly used for its induction. At the same time, the tissue growth efficiency and target compounds accumulation depends on the intact plant genotype, the precursors presence of these compounds in the medium, elicitors, as well as external influence factors. Recently, a promising direction is the transgenic hairy roots cultivation, which reveals new aspects of synthesis, accumulation and secondary metabolites production regulation. Biosynthesis genetic regulation of significant secondary metabolites is also a promising direction. Numerous studies have demonstrated that salidroside biosynthesis depends on the expression of the TyrDC gene encoding tyrosinedecarboxylase. Consequently, understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms opens up opportunities for its regulation and metabolic engineering. In this regard, biotechnological methods may be a priority to obtaining salidroside, rosin and their derivatives at higher or at least comparable levels with wild type or cultivated plants. Among the various biotechnological strategies used to increase the accumulation of salidroside and glycosides of cinnamic alcohol in cells and cultures of Rhodiola organs, the approach with the addition of the metabolic precursors to the nutrient medium proved to be the most effective. In vitro cultures, a significant increase in the production of rosin and its derivatives was observed when precursors (cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid and cinnamic aldehyde) were added to the medium.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20230312908
A. M. Mikhailidi, Elena Nikolaevna Vlasova, Natalia Nikolaevna Saprikina, N. Kotelnikova
Hybrid nanocomposites of powder celluloses (PCs) isolated from newsprint and cardboard waste containing silver nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the diffusion-reduction method. The reduction of silver from solutions of its salt was carried out under heterogeneous conditions using trisodium citrate as a reducer. Molar ratio (MR) of PC/silver varied from 20 to 40. The mechanism of silver NPs formation and stabilization in the reduction process was considered. The hybrid nanocomposites were studied by IR-Fourier spectroscopy, high-resolution 13С NMR spectroscopy in a solid phase, wide-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDRA). It was shown that the silver particles had spherical shape and their size on the surface of the PC was mostly less than 100 nm. The silver content in the nanocomposites ranged from 1.2 to 7.3 wt.%. The preparation of NPs did not change in the structural modification of cellulose I after the reaction. During the modification of PCs with silver nanoparticles, the cellulose matrix was involved in a redox process, which was accompanied by the formation of new intermolecular bonds between the NPs and the matrix.
利用扩散还原法合成了从新闻纸和纸板废料中分离出来的含纳米银粒子（NPs）的粉末纤维素（PCs）混合纳米复合材料。使用柠檬酸三钠作为还原剂，在异构条件下从银盐溶液中还原银。PC/ 银的摩尔比 (MR) 在 20 至 40 之间变化。考虑了还原过程中银 NPs 的形成和稳定机制。通过红外-傅里叶光谱、固相高分辨率 13С NMR 光谱、广角 X 射线散射、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线显微分析（EDRA）对混合纳米复合材料进行了研究。结果表明，银颗粒呈球形，在 PC 表面的尺寸大多小于 100 nm。纳米复合材料中的银含量在 1.2 至 7.3 wt.% 之间。制备出的 NPs 在反应后不会改变纤维素 I 的结构改性。在银纳米粒子对 PC 进行改性的过程中，纤维素基质参与了氧化还原过程，同时在 NPs 和基质之间形成了新的分子间键。
{"title":"FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FROM PAPER WASTES. V. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES OF POWDER CELLULOSES ISOLATED FROM WASTE PAPER AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES","authors":"A. M. Mikhailidi, Elena Nikolaevna Vlasova, Natalia Nikolaevna Saprikina, N. Kotelnikova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230312908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230312908","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid nanocomposites of powder celluloses (PCs) isolated from newsprint and cardboard waste containing silver nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the diffusion-reduction method. The reduction of silver from solutions of its salt was carried out under heterogeneous conditions using trisodium citrate as a reducer. Molar ratio (MR) of PC/silver varied from 20 to 40. The mechanism of silver NPs formation and stabilization in the reduction process was considered. The hybrid nanocomposites were studied by IR-Fourier spectroscopy, high-resolution 13С NMR spectroscopy in a solid phase, wide-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDRA). It was shown that the silver particles had spherical shape and their size on the surface of the PC was mostly less than 100 nm. The silver content in the nanocomposites ranged from 1.2 to 7.3 wt.%. The preparation of NPs did not change in the structural modification of cellulose I after the reaction. During the modification of PCs with silver nanoparticles, the cellulose matrix was involved in a redox process, which was accompanied by the formation of new intermolecular bonds between the NPs and the matrix.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20230311594
Alla Mikhaylovna Khvan, Askar Sheralievich Abdurazakov
The process of macromolecular complexation of natural polymer pectin with nitroxoline, which has antibacterial activity, was studied in order to increase the solubility of the drug and, consequently, its therapeutic efficiency. By potentiometric titration it has been shown that in dilute aqueous solutions in a wide range of slightly acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH medium, the electrostatic binding of nitroxoline with pectin occurs. In the most optimal for medical preparations neutral region pH 7 the conversion depth of this reaction was calculated. The depth of conversion of pectin carboxyl groups ɵ1 for various studied ratios P : NOC=10 : 1, 5 : 1, 3 : 1 is 0.052, 0.076, and 0.095, respectively. The corresponding values of the conversion depth for nitroxoline ɵ2 are somewhat larger and amount to 0.52, 0.38, 0.32, respectively, for the studied ratios. That is, the calculation shows that not all reactive carboxyl groups of pectin and amino groups of the medicinal substance participate in electrostatic interaction. By the viscometry method it has been established the decrease of the pectin solution viscosity in the presence of nitroxoline. This indicates that electrostatic bonding of the low molecular weight medicinal substance NOC leads to the hydrophobization of the pectin macromolecule. Comparative data, obtained by the method of derivatographic analysis, indicate, that the thermal characteristics of the studied complex of nitroxoline with pectin differ from the thermal parameters of the initial components and is thermally more stable. This confirms the formation of the product of chemical interaction - the complex of pectin with NOC.
{"title":"INTERACTION OF PECTIN WITH THE ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG NITROXOLINE","authors":"Alla Mikhaylovna Khvan, Askar Sheralievich Abdurazakov","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230311594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230311594","url":null,"abstract":"The process of macromolecular complexation of natural polymer pectin with nitroxoline, which has antibacterial activity, was studied in order to increase the solubility of the drug and, consequently, its therapeutic efficiency. By potentiometric titration it has been shown that in dilute aqueous solutions in a wide range of slightly acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH medium, the electrostatic binding of nitroxoline with pectin occurs. In the most optimal for medical preparations neutral region pH 7 the conversion depth of this reaction was calculated. The depth of conversion of pectin carboxyl groups ɵ1 for various studied ratios P : NOC=10 : 1, 5 : 1, 3 : 1 is 0.052, 0.076, and 0.095, respectively. The corresponding values of the conversion depth for nitroxoline ɵ2 are somewhat larger and amount to 0.52, 0.38, 0.32, respectively, for the studied ratios. That is, the calculation shows that not all reactive carboxyl groups of pectin and amino groups of the medicinal substance participate in electrostatic interaction. By the viscometry method it has been established the decrease of the pectin solution viscosity in the presence of nitroxoline. This indicates that electrostatic bonding of the low molecular weight medicinal substance NOC leads to the hydrophobization of the pectin macromolecule. Comparative data, obtained by the method of derivatographic analysis, indicate, that the thermal characteristics of the studied complex of nitroxoline with pectin differ from the thermal parameters of the initial components and is thermally more stable. This confirms the formation of the product of chemical interaction - the complex of pectin with NOC.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.20230311670
Aitalyyna Kuo A. Komarova, Tatyana Alekseevna Stepanova, Ilya Andreevich Prokopyev
A study of free amino acids in the underground organs of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Eleutherococcus senticosus Rupr. et Maxim, family Araliaceae) was carried out. The material for the study was samples of rhizomes and roots of Eleutherococcus collected in the Amur Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories. Amino acids were determined by GC-MS. According to the results of studies, from two to nine amino acids were found in the rhizomes and roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus, of which 6 are nonessential (alanine, proline, serine, glutamine, pyroglutamic acid, aspartic acid) and 3 are essential (valine, leucine, threonine). The total content of amino acids in the studied samples averaged 20.1 mg/100 g. It was revealed that the dominant group is heterocyclic amino acids, the representatives of which include proline and pyroglutamic acid. The average content of proline and pyroglutamic acid was 4.9 and 7.1 mg/100 g, respectively. Based on a comparative analysis of the amino acid composition of ten samples, it was shown that the amino acid composition of the rhizomes and roots of Eleutherococcus from different populations varies. As a result of a cluster analysis based on the content of amino acids in the studied samples, two groups are distinguished: samples from the Khabarovsk Territory - Amur Region, samples from the Primorsky Territory - Jewish Autonomous Region (Leninsky District).
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF FREE AMINO ACIDS IN UNDERGROUND ORGANS OF ELEUTHEROCOCCUS SENTICOSUS RUPR. ET MAXIM","authors":"Aitalyyna Kuo A. Komarova, Tatyana Alekseevna Stepanova, Ilya Andreevich Prokopyev","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230311670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230311670","url":null,"abstract":"A study of free amino acids in the underground organs of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Eleutherococcus senticosus Rupr. et Maxim, family Araliaceae) was carried out. The material for the study was samples of rhizomes and roots of Eleutherococcus collected in the Amur Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories. Amino acids were determined by GC-MS. According to the results of studies, from two to nine amino acids were found in the rhizomes and roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus, of which 6 are nonessential (alanine, proline, serine, glutamine, pyroglutamic acid, aspartic acid) and 3 are essential (valine, leucine, threonine). The total content of amino acids in the studied samples averaged 20.1 mg/100 g. It was revealed that the dominant group is heterocyclic amino acids, the representatives of which include proline and pyroglutamic acid. The average content of proline and pyroglutamic acid was 4.9 and 7.1 mg/100 g, respectively. Based on a comparative analysis of the amino acid composition of ten samples, it was shown that the amino acid composition of the rhizomes and roots of Eleutherococcus from different populations varies. As a result of a cluster analysis based on the content of amino acids in the studied samples, two groups are distinguished: samples from the Khabarovsk Territory - Amur Region, samples from the Primorsky Territory - Jewish Autonomous Region (Leninsky District).","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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